বৃহৎ প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰ

ইউনেস্ক' বিশ্ব ঐতিহ্য ক্ষেত্ৰ
বৃহৎ প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰ
	বিশ্ব ঐতিহ্য ক্ষেত্ৰত তালিকাভুক্ত হিচাপে নাম
	The Great Barrier Reef lies off the coast of Queensland
দেশ	অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া
ধৰণ	প্ৰকৃতিক
মাপকাঠি	vii, viii, ix, x
উদ্ধৃতি	154
ইউনেস্কোৰ দ্বাৰা শ্ৰেণীবদ্ধ অঞ্চল	এছিয়া-পেচিফিক
অভিলিখনৰ ইতিহাস
অভিলিখন	১৯৮১ (পঞ্চম অধিবেশন)

বৃহৎ প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰ (ইংৰাজী: Great Barrier Reef) হৈছে ২,৯০০ গাইগুটিয়া প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰ আৰু ৯০০ দ্বীপেৰে গঠিত বিশ্বৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰৰ শৃংখল।^[1]^[2]^[3] এই শৃংখলটোৰ কালি প্ৰায় ৩,৪৪,৪০০ বৰ্গ কি.মি. (3.444×10¹¹ বৰ্গ মিটাৰ)।^[4]^[5] এই সাগৰ অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ কুইনছলেণ্ডৰ প্ৰবাল সাগৰ (Coral Sea)-ত অৱস্থিত।

বৃহৎ প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰ মহাকাশৰ পৰাও দেখা পোৱা যায়। জীৱৰ দ্বাৰা নিৰ্মিত ইয়েই বিশ্বৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ আকাৰ।^[6] এই প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰসমূহ লাখ লাখ প্ৰবাল পলিপ (coral polyps) নামৰ ক্ষুদ্ৰাকৃতিৰ জীৱই গঠন কৰিছে।^[7] এই প্ৰাচীৰসমূহ জৈববৈচিত্ৰ্যৰ দিশৰ পৰা অতি চহকী। ১৯৮১ চনত এই প্ৰাচীৰসমুহক ৱৰ্ল্ড হেৰিটেজ ছাইটৰ মৰ্য্যদা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়।^[1]^[2] বিশ্বৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক আশ্চৰ্য্যসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ইয়ো অন্যতম।^[8]^[9]

এই প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰৰ এক বৃহৎ অংশ Great Barrier Reef Marine Park-ৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আৰু সংৰক্ষিত।

বৃহৎ প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰসমুহে সন্মুখীন হোৱা ভাবুকি সমূহৰ ভিতৰত অত্যধিক মাছ ধৰা, পৰ্য্যটন, জলবায়ু পৰিবৰ্তন আদিয়ে প্ৰধান। ২০১২ চনত প্ৰকাশিত এক গৱেষণাৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি ১৯৮৫ চনৰ পৰা সেইসময়লৈ এই প্ৰাচীৰৰ কালি আধালৈ হ্ৰাস পাইছে।^[10]

তথ্যসূত্ৰ

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1980). "Protected Areas and World Heritage – Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area". Department of the Environment and Heritage. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/gbrmp.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 14 March 2009.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Values". http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/great-barrier-reef/values.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 3 September 2008.
↑ The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, which is 348,000 km squared, has 2900 reefs. However, this does not include the reefs found in the Torres Strait, which has an estimated area of 37,000 km squared and with a possible 750 reefs and shoals. (Hopley, p. 1)
↑ Fodor's. "Great Barrier Reef Travel Guide". http://www.fodors.com/miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=great_barrier@230&cur_section=ove। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 8 August 2006.
↑ Department of the Environment and Heritage. "Review of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975". Archived from the original on 18 October 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061018005108/http://www.deh.gov.au/coasts/publications/gbr-marine-park-act.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2 November 2006.
↑ Sarah Belfield (8 February 2002). "Great Barrier Reef: no buried treasure". Geoscience Australia (Australian Government). Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. http://www.ga.gov.au/media/releases/2002/1013133456_20385.jsp। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 11 June 2007.
↑ Sharon Guynup (4 September 2000). "Australia's Great Barrier Reef". Science World. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1590/is_1_57/ai_65370824। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 11 June 2007.
↑ CNN (1997). "The Seven Natural Wonders of the World". Archived from the original on 21 July 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060721011803/http://www.cnn.com/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/9711/natural.wonders/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 6 August 2006.
↑ National Trust Queensland. "Queensland Icons". Archived from the original on 10 December 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061210082849/http://www.nationaltrustqld.org/qldicons.htm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 October 2006.
↑ Eilperin, Juliet (1 October 2012). "Great Barrier Reef has lost half its corals since 1985, new study says". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/great-barrier-reef-has-lost-half-its-corals-since-1985-new-study-says/2012/10/01/c733025c-0bda-11e2-bb5e-492c0d30bff6_story.html?wprss=rss_social-nation-headlines&Post generic=?tid=sm_twitter_washingtonpost। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 1 October 2012.

Hopley, David; Smithers, Scott G.; Parnell, Kevin E. (2007). The geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef: development, diversity, and change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85302-8. http://books.google.com/?id=omr72hD6dvQC.

লগতে চাওক

Bell, Peter (1998). AIMS: The First Twenty-five Years. প্ৰকাশক Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science. ISBN 978-0-642-32212-8.
Bowen, James; Bowen, Margarita (2002). The Great Barrier Reef : history, science, heritage. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82430-3.
Done, T.J. (1982). "Patterns in the distribution of coral communities across the central Great Barrier Reef". Coral Reefs খণ্ড 1 (2): 95–107. doi:10.1007/BF00301691.
"Research Publications". Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20110718153935/http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/publications/research_publications। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2015-08-23.
Hutchings, Pat; Kingsford, Mike; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove (2008). The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment and Management. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-09557-1.
Lucas, P.H.C. et al. (1997). The outstanding universal value of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. ISBN 0-642-23028-5.
Mather, P.; Bennett, I., ed (1993). A Coral Reef Handbook: A Guide to the Geology, Flora and Fauna of the Great Barrier Reef (3rd সম্পাদনা). প্ৰকাশক Chipping North: Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Ltd. ISBN 0-949324-47-7.

বাহ্যিক সংযোগ

ৱিকিমিডিয়া কমন্সত Great Barrier Reef সম্পৰ্কীয় মিডিয়া ফাইল।

[UNEP-1] 1.0 ^1.1 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1980). "Protected Areas and World Heritage – Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area". Department of the Environment and Heritage. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/gbrmp.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 14 March 2009.

[GBRWHV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Values". http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/great-barrier-reef/values.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 3 September 2008.

[3] The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, which is 348,000 km squared, has 2900 reefs. However, this does not include the reefs found in the Torres Strait, which has an estimated area of 37,000 km squared and with a possible 750 reefs and shoals. (Hopley, p. 1)

[4] Fodor's. "Great Barrier Reef Travel Guide". http://www.fodors.com/miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=great_barrier@230&cur_section=ove। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 8 August 2006.

[1975review-5] Department of the Environment and Heritage. "Review of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975". Archived from the original on 18 October 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061018005108/http://www.deh.gov.au/coasts/publications/gbr-marine-park-act.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2 November 2006.

[6] Sarah Belfield (8 February 2002). "Great Barrier Reef: no buried treasure". Geoscience Australia (Australian Government). Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. http://www.ga.gov.au/media/releases/2002/1013133456_20385.jsp। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 11 June 2007.

[billions-7] Sharon Guynup (4 September 2000). "Australia's Great Barrier Reef". Science World. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1590/is_1_57/ai_65370824। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 11 June 2007.

[8] CNN (1997). "The Seven Natural Wonders of the World". Archived from the original on 21 July 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060721011803/http://www.cnn.com/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/9711/natural.wonders/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 6 August 2006.

[9] National Trust Queensland. "Queensland Icons". Archived from the original on 10 December 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061210082849/http://www.nationaltrustqld.org/qldicons.htm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 October 2006.

[10] Eilperin, Juliet (1 October 2012). "Great Barrier Reef has lost half its corals since 1985, new study says". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/great-barrier-reef-has-lost-half-its-corals-since-1985-new-study-says/2012/10/01/c733025c-0bda-11e2-bb5e-492c0d30bff6_story.html?wprss=rss_social-nation-headlines&Post generic=?tid=sm_twitter_washingtonpost। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 1 October 2012.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]