From: https://github.com/orchardup/docker-postgresql

PostgreSQL for Docker.

$ docker run -d -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRESQL_USER=test -e POSTGRESQL_PASS=oe9jaacZLbR9pN -e POSTGRESQL_DB=test orchardup/postgresql
da809981545f
$ psql -h localhost -U test test
Password for user test:
psql (9.1.9, server 9.1.3)
Type "help" for help.

test=#

(Example assumes PostgreSQL client is installed on Docker host.)

• POSTGRESQL_DB: A database that is automatically created if it doesn't exist. Default: docker
• POSTGRESQL_USER: A user to create that has access to the database specified by POSTGRESQL_DB. Default: docker
• POSTGRESQL_PASS: The password for POSTGRESQL_USER. Default: docker