as Hashed and Hierarchical Timing Wheels implies
a timer module has 3 component routines:
// start a timer that will expire after `interval` unit of time
int Start(interval, expiry_action)
// use `tiemr_id` to locate a timer and stop it
Stop(timer_id)
// per-tick bookking routine
Tick()use min-heap, quaternary heap or 4-ary heap, balanced binary search tree or red-black tree, hashed timing wheel and Hierarchical timing wheel to model different time module
分别使用最小堆、四叉堆、红黑树、时间轮、层级时间轮实现定时器，测试插入、删除、Tick操作的性能。
使用CMake
Linux或者WSL构建
make build
cmake -Bbuilds -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Releasecmake --build builds --config Release
复杂度比较：
algo | Add() | Cancel() | Tick() | implemention
--------------------------------------------------------
binary heap | O(log N) | O(N) | O(1) | src/PriorityQueueTimer.h
4-ary heap | O(log N) | O(N) | O(1) | src/QuatHeapTimer.h
redblack tree | O(log N) | O(N) | O(log N) | src/RBTreeTimer.h
hashed timing wheel | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | src/HashedWheelTimer.h
hierarchical timing wheel | O(1) | O(1) | O(1) | src/HHWheelTimer.h
Hardware: Ryzen 5 3600X 6-Core 3.79 GHz
OS: Windows 10 21H1
Compiler: GCC 9 (WSL)
============================================================================
test/BenchTimer.cpp relative time/iter iters/s
============================================================================
PQTimerAdd 22.84ms 43.79
TreeTimerAdd 97.61% 23.40ms 42.74
WheelTimerAdd 418.14% 5.46ms 183.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PQTimerDel 8.81ms 113.55
TreeTimerDel 98.79m% 8.91s 112.17m
WheelTimerDel 247.61% 3.56ms 281.15
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PQTimerTick 17.86ms 56.01
TreeTimerTick 112.17% 15.92ms 62.82
WheelTimerTick 86.56% 20.63ms 48.48
============================================================================
============================================================================
Compiler: Visual C 2019
============================================================================
test\benchtimer.cpp relative time/iter iters/s
============================================================================
PQTimerAdd 11.86ms 84.32
TreeTimerAdd 79.11% 14.99ms 66.70
WheelTimerAdd 116.96% 10.14ms 98.63
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PQTimerDel 8.64ms 115.72
TreeTimerDel 106.92m% 8.08s 123.73m
WheelTimerDel 145.81% 5.93ms 168.73
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PQTimerTick 2.65ms 377.06
TreeTimerTick 66.44% 3.99ms 250.51
WheelTimerTick 46.78% 5.67ms 176.38
============================================================================