Isotopes of vanadium

Isotopes of vanadium (₂₃V)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(V)
	50.9415±0.0001; 50.942±0.001 (abridged);
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Naturally occurring vanadium (₂₃V) is composed of one stable isotope ⁵¹V and one radioactive isotope ⁵⁰V with a half-life of 2.71×10¹⁷ years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number between 40 and 65) with the most stable being ⁴⁹V with a half-life of 330 days, and ⁴⁸V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being ⁴²V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states were found (including 2 metastable states for ⁶⁰V), which adds up to 5 meta states.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope ⁵¹V is electron capture. The next most common mode is beta decay. The primary decay products before ⁵¹V are element 22 (titanium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 (chromium) isotopes.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)^[3] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[4] ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[4] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[4] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 5]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 5]}			Half-life^[4] ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[4] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[4] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 5]}	Normal proportion^[4]	Range of variation
⁴³V	23	20	42.980766(46)	79.3(24) ms	β (>97.5%)	⁴³Ti	7/2−#
⁴³V	23	20	42.980766(46)	79.3(24) ms	β, p (<2.5%)	⁴²Sc	7/2−#
⁴⁴V	23	21	43.9744410(78)	111(7) ms	β	⁴⁴Ti	(2)
⁴⁴V	23	21	43.9744410(78)	111(7) ms	β, α (?%)	⁴⁰Ca	(2)
^44mV	271(9) keV			150(3) ms	β	⁴⁴Ti	(6)
⁴⁵V	23	22	44.96576850(93)	547(6) ms	β	⁴⁵Ti	7/2−
^45mV	56.8(6) keV			512(13) ns	IT	⁴⁵V	(3/2−)
⁴⁶V	23	23	45.96019739(14)	422.62(5) ms	β	⁴⁶Ti	0
^46mV	801.46(10) keV			1.02(7) ms	IT	⁴⁶V	3
⁴⁷V	23	24	46.95490356(12)	32.6(3) min	β	⁴⁷Ti	3/2−
⁴⁸V	23	25	47.9522509(10)	15.9735(25) d	β	⁴⁸Ti	4
⁴⁹V	23	26	48.94851051(88)	330(15) d	EC	⁴⁹Ti	7/2−
⁵⁰V^{[n 9]}	23	27	49.947156681(99)	2.71(13)×10¹⁷ y	β	⁵⁰Ti	6	0.00250(10)
⁵¹V^{[n 10]}	23	28	50.94395766(10)	Stable			7/2−	0.99750(10)
⁵²V	23	29	51.94477364(17)	3.743(5) min	β⁻	⁵²Cr	3
⁵³V	23	30	52.9443349(33)	1.543(14) min	β⁻	⁵³Cr	7/2−
⁵⁴V	23	31	53.946432(12)	49.8(5) s	β⁻	⁵⁴Cr	3
^54mV	108.0(10) keV			900(500) ns	IT	⁵⁴V	(5)
⁵⁵V	23	32	54.947262(29)	6.54(15) s	β⁻	⁵⁵Cr	7/2−#
⁵⁶V	23	33	55.95042(19)	216(4) ms	β⁻	⁵⁶Cr	(1 )
⁵⁷V	23	34	56.952297(91)	350(10) ms	β⁻	⁵⁷Cr	(7/2−)
⁵⁸V	23	35	57.95660(10)	191(10) ms	β⁻	⁵⁸Cr	(1 )
⁵⁹V	23	36	58.95962(15)	95(6) ms	β⁻ (<97%)	⁵⁹Cr	(5/2−)
⁵⁹V	23	36	58.95962(15)	95(6) ms	β⁻, n (>3%)	⁵⁸Cr	(5/2−)
⁶⁰V	23	37	59.96448(20)	122(18) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁶⁰Cr	3 #
^60m1V^{[n 11]}	0(150)# keV			40(15) ms	β⁻	⁶⁰Cr	1 #
^60m2V	203.7(7) keV			230(24) ns	IT	⁶⁰V	(4 )
⁶¹V	23	38	60.96760(25)	48.2(6) ms	β⁻ (85.5%)	⁶¹Cr	(3/2−)
⁶¹V	23	38	60.96760(25)	48.2(6) ms	β⁻, n (14.5%)	⁶¹Cr	(3/2−)
⁶²V	23	39	61.97293(28)	33.6(23) ms	β⁻	⁶²Cr	3 #
⁶³V	23	40	62.97666(37)	19.6(9) ms	β⁻ (<65%)	⁶³Cr	(3/2−,5/2−)
⁶³V	23	40	62.97666(37)	19.6(9) ms	β⁻, n (>35%)	⁶²Cr	(3/2−,5/2−)
⁶⁴V	23	41	63.98248(43)#	15(2) ms	β⁻	⁶⁴Cr	(1,2)
^64mV	81.0(7) keV			<1 μs	IT	⁶⁴V
⁶⁵V	23	42	64.98700(54)#	14# ms [>620 ns]			5/2−#
⁶⁶V	23	43	65.99324(54)#	10# ms [>620 ns]
⁶⁷V	23	44	66.99813(64)#	8# ms [>620 ns]			5/2−#
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mV – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
^ ^a ^b ^c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ Primordial radionuclide
^ See also Vanadium-51 nuclear magnetic resonance
^ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

References

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium". CIAAW. 1977.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
History of discovery: A. Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen. Discovery of the Vanadium Isotopes. arXiv:0907.1994 (2009).

[3] V – Excited nuclear isomer.

[5] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-6] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[8] Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.

[TNN-9] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[10] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[11] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[12] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[13] Primordial radionuclide

[14] See also Vanadium-51 nuclear magnetic resonance

[order-15] Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium". CIAAW. 1977.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[AME2020_II-4] Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

[NUBASE2020-7] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

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