User:Genjix/Backroom storage

• Behavioral_sink#Experiments
  • "In his most famous experiment in the series, "Universe 25", population peaked at 2,200 mice and thereafter exhibited a variety of abnormal, often destructive, behaviors including refusal to engage in courtship, females abandoning their young, and homosexuality."
  • [more info https://web.archive.org/web/20200215182949/http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/42/wiles.php]
  • Hikkimori: "With more and more peers to defend against, males found it difficult and stressful to defend their territory, so they abandoned the activity."
  • London: "The failures and dropouts congregated in large groups in the middle of the enclosure, their listless withdrawal occasionally interrupted by spasms and waves of pointless violence."
  • "He advocated overcoming the limitations of the planet, and as part of a multidisciplinary group called the Space Cadets promoted the colonization of space."
• Territorial_evolution_of_Switzerland#Proposals_for_expansion, "The motion proposed to offer territories adjacent to Switzerland the "Swiss model of sovereignty" as an alternative to a "creeping accession" of Switzerland to the "centralist" European Union (EU)."
• Locust#As_food, eating insects banned in islam but not locusts because Mohammed ate them while campaigning on war.
• Chocoholic#Cocoa_solids, chocolate is a drug, cannabis amphetamine opoids

Ethics of Abortion

• Infanticide in China: "Furthermore, some Chinese did not consider newborn children fully "human", and saw "life" beginning at some point after the sixth month after birth."
• In Japan "Daughters were usually spared, as they could be married off, sold off as servants or prostitutes, or sent off to become geishas."
• Infanticide generally practiced in the ancient world either in materialist empires like Rome, brutal feudalistic warrior tribes or tribes living in harsh material conditions.
  • A bishop wrote in 1928 that it was common for Aboriginal Australians to restrict the size of their tribal groups, including by infanticide, so that the food resources of the tribal area may be sufficient for them.
• After-birth abortion: why should the baby live?

Feminisation of Nature

Extinct Irish elk (Megaloceros giganteus). These antlers span 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) and have a mass of 40 kg (88 lb) See Sexual_selection.

• Female_Chauvinist_Pigs
• Herbivore men, "Other women feel that self-proclaimed sōshoku-kei danshi (herbivore men) are weak and not masculine, while some men apparently are not attracted to "independent" women."
• Metrosexual#Changing_masculinity, Traditional masculine norms, as described in psychologist Ronald F. Levant's Masculinity Reconstructed are: "avoidance of femininity; restricted emotions; sex disconnected from intimacy; pursuit of achievement and status; self-reliance; strength; aggression and homophobia".

"The stoic, self-denying, modest straight male didn't shop enough (his role was to earn money for his wife to spend), and so he had to be replaced by a new kind of man, one less certain of his identity and much more interested in his image"

• Kawaii, japan cuteness and making women docile.
• Femininity, some people have argued that the "feminine"-style leadership, which is associated with leadership that focuses on help and cooperation, is advantageous over "masculine" leadership, which is associated with focusing on tasks and control.
  • Shamanism may have originated as early as the paleolithic period, predating all organized religions.[98][99] Archeological finds have suggested that the earliest known shamans were female.
  • Communist revolutionaries initially depicted idealized womanhood as muscular, plainly dressed and strong, with good female communists shown as undertaking hard manual labour, using guns, and eschewing self-adornment.
  • As Communist countries such as Romania and the Soviet Union began to liberalize, their official media began representing women in more conventionally feminine ways compared with the "rotund farm workers and plain-Jane factory hand" depictions they had previously been publishing.
  • In China, with the economic liberation started by Deng Xiaoping in the 1980s, the state stopped discouraging women from expressing conventional femininity, and gender stereotypes and commercialized sexualization of women which had been suppressed under Communist ideology began to rise.
• Human_mating_strategies
  • Women prefer purported good genes indicators more for a short-term mate than for a long-term mate, and a related line of research shows that women’s preferences for good genes indicators in short-term mates tends to increase during peak fertility in the menstrual cycle just prior to ovulation.
• Extended female sexuality
• Sociosexual orientation
  • Unrestricted sociosexuality is associated with early life experiences with sex, more frequent sexual activity and a greater number of lifetime sex partners. Unrestricted men tend to have greater rape myth acceptance, past sexual aggression and more conservative attitudes about women than restricted men. Unrestricted women tend to have more sexual fantasies involving dominance and lower levels of sexual conservatism than restricted women.
  • Unrestricted individuals place more importance on partners’ physical attractiveness and sex appeal, while restricted individuals place more weight on characteristics indicative of good personal and parenting qualities (e.g., kind, responsible, faithful).
  • unrestricted individuals rate their interactions with their best friends (non-romantic) as lower in quality (i.e., as less pleasant and satisfying) than restricted individuals.
• Sexualization
  • For girls and young women in particular, the APA reports that studies have found that sexualization has a negative impact on their "self-image and healthy development".
  • Studies have found that thinking about the body and comparing it to sexualized cultural ideals may disrupt a girl's mental concentration, and a girl's sexualization or objectification may undermine her confidence in and comfort with her own body, leading to emotional and self-image problems, such as shame and anxiety.
  • Sexualization is problematic for young children who are developing their sexual identity as they may think that turning themselves into sex objects is empowering and related to having sexual agency.
• In more egalitarian societies, where men and women have equal access to power and money, the gender difference in sociosexuality is less pronounced, as individuals may take on the social role of the other gender.

Rojava Anarchist Revolution

• Sinjar massacre, On 14 August, U.S air-strikes and Kurdish fighters of the People's Protection Units from Syria, together with their PKK allies from Turkey, broke the ISIS siege of Mount Sinjar, allowing thousands of refugees to escape.
• Thomas Sankara, president of Burkina Faso. He sold off the government fleet of Mercedes cars and made the Renault 5 (the cheapest car sold in Burkina Faso at that time) the official service car of the ministers.
• Adam Curtis on Rojava
• Rojava Constitution, "Under the Charter, we, the people of the Autonomous Regions, unite in the spirit of reconciliation, pluralism and democratic participation so that all may express themselves freely in public life. In building a society free from authoritarianism, militarism, centralism and the intervention of religious authority in public affairs, the Charter recognizes Syria’s territorial integrity and aspires to maintain domestic and international peace."
• [1] "We can see in reality the leftists are always trying to tame and control struggles and the movement of the mass people and use them to achieve their own political aims, making political capital out of it."
• Channel4, "There has been a great push in the past 10 years to do away with the nation-state mentality." (Another article)
• [2], "In concert with this, article 8 of the Contract, titled “Personal, Political Rights and Freedoms” defends private property"

Our world

• Switzerland as a federal state, "The constitution represents the first time that the Swiss were governed by a strong central government instead of being simply a collection of independent cantons bound by treaties."
• "In 1860, Occitan speakers represented more than 39% of the whole French population (52% for francophones proper); they were still 26% to 36% in the 1920s and fewer than 7% in 1993."
  • Vergonha, is being made to reject and feel ashamed of one's (or one's parents') non-French language through official exclusion, humiliation at school and rejection from the media as organized and sanctioned by French political leaders.
• Shortly after Haber's return from Belgium, Clara Immerwahr (Haber's wife), who was a pacifist, and was troubled by Haber's work on chemical weapons, shot herself in the chest using Haber's military pistol. The morning after her death, Haber immediately left home to stage the first gas attack against the Russians on the Eastern Front.
• Indian_independence_movement "many Indians increasingly disliked British rule. ... using whips to force their way through crowded bazaars"
• Sheikh Bedreddin was a famous Muslim Sufi theologian and charismatic preacher who led a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire in 1416.
• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, He was a political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition to the British Rule in the Subcontinent, and a lifelong pacifist and devout Muslim. Close friend of Gandhi.
• Hardline (subculture)

• From Reporting,_censoring_and_propaganda_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War

‘A Gay Girl in Damascus’- a 40-year-old American man

‘...News of her disappearance became an Internet and media sensation. The U.S. State Department started an investigation. But almost immediately skeptics began asking: Had anyone ever actually met Amina? On Wednesday, pictures of her on the blog were revealed to have been taken from a London woman’s Facebook page. And Sunday, the truth spilled out: The gay girl in Damascus confessed to being a 40-year-old American man from Georgia. The persona Tom MacMaster built and cultivated for years — a lesbian who was half Syrian and half American — was a tantalizing Internet-era fiction...'

‘A Gay Girl in Damascus’ comes clean, Washington Post, June 12, 2011

• Shtetl, entire people of cultural intellectual charitable community-oriented Jews wiped out by nazis.
• Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine ended up becoming the last emporer of China.
• Death of Wang Yue, Chinese Bystander effect.
• Begin Doctrine, The Begin doctrine was followed in 2007 under Prime Minister Ehud Olmert with Operation Orchard against Syria's nuclear facility. What was particularly notable about the attack on Syria was what occurred in its aftermath, the near total lack of international comment or criticism of Israel's action. This lack of reaction contrasted starkly to the international outcry that followed Israel's preventive strike in 1981 against Iraq's reactor. Foreign governments may have reserved comment because of the lack of information after the attack, but the Israeli and U.S. governments imposed a virtually total news blackout immediately after the raid that lasted for seven months. Syria was initially silent on the matter and then subsequently denied that the bombed target was a nuclear facility. The international silence continued even after the CIA made information public in April 2008,
• In 2005, the prime minister of Greece was advised that his, over 100 dignitaries' and the mayor of Athens' mobile phones were bugged. Costas Tsalikidis, a Vodafone-Panafon employee, was implicated in the matter as using his position as head of the company's network planning to assist in the bugging. Tsalikidis was found hanged in his apartment the day before the leaders were notified regarding the bugging, which was reported as "an apparent suicide."
• Informal sector, Women tend to make up the greatest portion of the informal sector, often ending up in the most erratic and corrupt segments of the sector.
• Surveillance, The intelligence community believes that the biggest threat to U.S. power comes from decentralized, leaderless, geographically dispersed groups of terrorists, subversives, extremists, and dissidents. These types of threats are most easily countered by finding important nodes in the network, and removing them. To do this requires a detailed map of the network.
• Vasili Arkhipov, the man who saved the world from nuclear war during the Cuban missile crisis.
• The assassination of Massoud is considered to have a strong connection to the September 11, 2001 attacks on U.S. soil which killed nearly 3,000 people and which appeared to be the terrorist attack that Massoud had warned against in his speech to the European Parliament several months earlier. John P. O'Neill was a counter-terrorism expert and the Assistant Director of the FBI until late 2001. He retired from the FBI and was offered the position of director of security at the World Trade Center (WTC). He took the job at the WTC two weeks before 9/11. On September 10, 2001, John O’Neill told two of his friends,

"We're due. And we're due for something big. ... Some things have happened in Afghanistan [referring to the assassination of Massoud]. I don’t like the way things are lining up in Afghanistan. ... I sense a shift, and I think things are going to happen. ... soon".[49]

John O'Neill died on September 11, 2001, when the south tower collapsed.

• Military_education_and_training#Resocialization
• Iran–Iraq_War#Comparison_of_Iraqi_and_Iranian_military_strength, The Americans and the British also either blocked or watered down UN resolutions that condemned Iraq for using chemical weapons against the Iranians and their own Kurdish citizens.
• Urban warfare, "Too many committees!" were his (Durrutti) final words.
• Within five months, seventeen other disciples of Sayyid Kāẓim had independently recognized the Báb as a Manifestation of God. Among them was one woman, Zarrin Tāj Baraghāni, a poetess, who later received the name of Táhirih (the Pure). These 18 disciples were later to be known as the Letters of the Living and were given the task of spreading the new faith across Iran and Iraq. The Báb emphasized the spiritual station of these 18 individuals, who along with himself, made the first "Unity" of his religion.
• Táhirih woman took off her veil, advocated for women, was executed, babis and Bahá'í Faith
• Decentralized_Autonomous_Organization
• Nader Shah, nutcase persian king.
• Jacob_Zuma, see brackets under children in infobox haha
• Inverted totalitarianism
• Since the withdrawal of government forces from Kurdish areas of Syria in mid-2012, the PYD has set up local councils for Kurds to run their own affairs, with women filling 40 percent of seats.[3]
• Siege of Kobanê, More than 200,000 Syrian refugees flowed into Turkey. However, security forces did not allow PKK militants and other volunteers to go the other way, using tear gas and water canon. ... US officials indicated to CNN that they were not concerned if Kobane fell and that the US goals in Syria are "not to save cities and towns, but to go after ISIS' senior leadership, oil refineries and other infrastructure that would curb the terror group's ability to operate—particularly in Iraq.

Anarchism

• Issues_in_anarchism, For individualist anarchists, "the system of democracy, of majority decision, is held null and void. Any impingement upon the natural rights of the person is unjust and a symbol of majority tyranny."
• Revolutionary_Catalonia#Revolutionary_militias_and_the_regular_army, The committees, unions and parties widely disregarded demands from the ministry of war and retained equipment and vehicles for themselves and their own militia forces. In the CNT militias especially, there was no hierarchy, no saluting, no titles, uniforms or distinction in pay and quartering. They were organized into centuries with democratically elected leaders that had no permanent authority.
• Horst Fantazzini was an Italian-German individualist anarchist who pursued an illegalist lifestyle and practice. Robbed banks non-stop.
• Individualist_anarchism_in_Europe
  • Individualist_anarchism_in_Europe#Mutualism, Insofar as they ensure workers' rights to the full product of their labor, mutualists support markets and private property. However, they argue for conditional title to land, whose private ownership is legitimate only so long as it remains in use or occupation (which Proudhon called "possession.")
  • Individualist_anarchism_in_Europe#Egoism,
  • Armand contrasted his IA with social anarchist currents, rejecting revolution. He argued that waiting for revolution meant delaying the enjoyment of liberty until the masses gained awareness and will. Instead he advocated living under one's own conditions in the present time, revolting against social conditioning in daily life and living with those with an affinity to oneself in accord to the values and desire they share. He says the individualist is a "presentist" and "he could not, without bad reasoning and illogic, think of sacrificing his being, or his having, to the coming of a state of things he will not immediately enjoy". He applies this rule to friendship, love, sexual encounters and economic transactions. He adheres to an ethics of reciprocity and advocated propagandizing one's values to enable association with others to improve the chances of self-realization.
  • He defines individualism as "the moral doctrine which, relying on no dogma, no tradition, no external determination, appeals only to the individual conscience.". He distinguishes "conquering and aggressive egoists who proclaim themselves to be individualists" from what he called "harmonic individualists" who respected others. He admired Epicurus' temperance and that "he showed that very little was needed to satisfy hunger and thirst, to defend oneself against heat and the cold. And he liberated himself from all other needs, that is, almost all the desires and all the fears that enslave men.".
  • He (Federico Urales) was critical of influential individualist thinkers such as Nietzsche and Stirner for promoting an asocial egoist individualism and instead promoted an individualism with solidarity as a way to guarantee social equality and harmony.
  • Igualada states that "humanism or anarchism,...for me are the same thing".
• Issues_in_anarchism#Definitional_concerns, anarchism, capitalism, mutualism and socialism.
• Post-anarchism
  • It argues against earlier approaches that capitalism and the state are not the only sources of domination in the moment in which we live, and that new approaches need to be developed to combat the network-centric structures of domination that characterize late modernity.
• understanding democracy not “primarily as a mechanism for expressing a unified popular will, but rather as a way of pluralizing this will – opening up within it different and even dissenting spaces and perspectives”.
• Synthesis_anarchism#Debates_between_anarchist_schools_of_thought_and_.22anarchism_without_adjectives.22
• Post-left anarchy is a recent current in anarchist thought that promotes a critique of anarchism's relationship to traditional leftism.
  • For McQuinn "Non-ideological, anarchist organizations (or informal groups) are always explicitly based upon the autonomy of the individuals who construct them, quite unlike leftist organizations which require the surrender of personal autonomy as a prerequisite for membership".
  • Moralism is the practice of not only reducing living values to reified morals, but of considering oneself better than others because one has subjected oneself to morality (self-righteousness), and of proselytizing for the adoption of morality as a tool of social change." ... So "Rejecting Morality involves constructing a critical theory of one's self and society (always self-critical, provisional and never totalistic) in which a clear goal of ending one's social alienation is never confused with reified partial goals. It involves emphasiz­ing what people have to gain from radical critique and solidarity rather than what people must sacrifice or give up in order to live virtuous lives of politically correct morality."
  • So relationships with others are not seen anymore as in activism in which the goal is "to seek followers who accept one’s position"[9] but instead "comrades and accomplices with which to carry on one’s explorations".
  • Black accuses Bookchin of moralism, which in post-left anarchism, refers to the imposition of abstract categories on reality in ways which twist and repress desires (as distinct from "ethics", which is an ethos of living similar to Friedrich Nietzsche's call for an ethic "beyond good and evil"), and of "puritanism", a variant of this.
  • instead, Black calls for an enlightened "selfishness" which is simultaneously social
  • He alleges that the post-left "disdain for theory" is simply Bookchin's way of saying they ignore his own theories.
  • He claims among other things that direct democracy is impossible in urban settings, that it degenerates into bureaucracy, and that organizationalist anarchists such as the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo sold out to state power.
  • Murray Bookchin has identified post-left anarchy as a form of individualist anarchism ... where he says he identifies "a shift among Euro-American anarchists away from social anarchism and toward individualist or lifestyle anarchism.
  • The most important critiques involved include those of everyday life and the spectacle, of ideology and morality, of industrial technology, of work and of civilization.
• Bonnot Gang was a French criminal anarchist group that operated in France and Belgium during the Belle Époque, from 1911 to 1912. Composed of individuals who identified with the emerging illegalist milieu, the gang utilized cutting-edge technology (including automobiles and repeating rifles) not yet available to the French police.
  • The building had only one entrance so it was easy for Bonnot to keep the police at bay. They besieged the place with 500 armed police officers, soldiers (with one brand new Hotchkiss machine gun), firefighters, military engineers and private gun-owners. By noon, after a sporadic firing from both sides, Paris Police Chief Louis Lépine sent three police officers to put a dynamite charge under the house. The explosion demolished the front of the building. Bonnot was hiding in the middle of a rolled mattress and tried to shoot back until Lépine shot him non-fatally in the head.
• Jaime Giménez Arbe robbed 30 Spanish banks. At his trial he declared himself antisystem, anarchist and defined his robberies as “bank expropriation”. He also confessed having started his criminal career with Corsican anti-capitalist groups, with which he committed his first robbery.
• Criticisms_of_anarchism#Anarchism_and_advanced_civilization, Freidrich Engels: "Here too the co-operation of an infinite number of individuals is absolutely necessary, and this co-operation must be practised during precisely fixed hours so that no accidents may happen. Here, too, the first condition of the job is a dominant will that settles all subordinate questions, whether this will is represented by a single delegate or a committee charged with the execution of the resolutions of the majority of persona interested. In either case there is a very pronounced authority. Moreover, what would happen to the first train dispatched if the authority of the railway employees over the Hon. passengers were abolished?"

Prehistory

• US Homestead Acts
• Basic_income#Left-wing, Geolibertarians seek to synthesize propertarian libertarianism and a geoist (or Georgist) philosophy of land as commonly and equally owned by all people, citing the classical distinction between unimproved land and private property. The rental value of land is produced by the labors of the community and, as such, rightly belongs to the community at large and not solely to the landholder. A land value tax (LVT) is levied as an annual fee for exclusive access to a section of earth, which is collected and redistributed to the community either through public goods, such as public security or a court system, or in the form of a basic guaranteed income called a citizen's dividend. Geolibertarians view the LVT as a single tax to replace all other methods of taxation, which are deemed unjust violations of the non-aggression principle.
• Richard Dawkins explains how his book The Selfish Gene is misinterpreted by Ayn Rand Objectivists to argue that humans are inherently selfish: [4].
• Carnival of Venice masks: One scholar argues that covering the face in public was a uniquely Venetian response to one of the most rigid class hierarchies in European history.[5], "The masks are typically worn during the Carnival (Carnival of Venice), but have been used on many other occasions in the past, usually as a device for hiding the wearer's identity and social status. The mask would permit the wearer to act more freely in cases where he or she wanted to interact with other members of the society outside the bounds of identity and everyday convention. It was useful for a variety of purposes, some of them illicit or criminal, others just personal, such as romantic encounters." [6]

Eric Schmidt: How do you know if you've won?

Julian Assange: It's not possible to win this kind of thing. This is a continuous striving that people have been doing for a long time. Of course, there are many individual battles that we win, but it is the nature of human beings that they lie and cheat and deceive. Organised groups of people who do not lie and cheat and deceive find each other and get together. Because they have that temperament, they are more efficient, because they are not lying and cheating and deceiving each other. That is a very old struggle between opportunists and collaborators. I don't see that going away. I think we can make some significant advances and perhaps it is the making of these advances and being involved in that struggle that is good for people. The process is part of the end game. It's not just to get somewhere in the end; rather, this process of people feeling that it is worthwhile to be involved in that sort of struggle, is in fact worthwhile for people.

• 36th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS#Return_to_Poland, vicious SS officer Oskar_Dirlewanger#World_War_II hated by other nazi officers.
• Highland_Clearances#Second_phase_of_the_Clearances, landowners evicting renters from scottish highlands at sudden notice, many died, whole families freezing to death.
• Sporus was a young boy whom the Roman Emperor Nero favored, had castrated, and married. Vitellius planned for Sporus to play the title role of the Rape of Persephone, for the viewing enjoyment of the crowds during one of the gladiatorial combats. Sporus then committed suicide to avoid the humiliating show. He was probably under 20 years old at the time of his death.
• Nayirah (testimony), modern day example of atrocity propaganda. Fake testimony about Iraqi soldiers killing babies in Kuwait hospital. Her account of the atrocities helped to stir American opinion in favor of participation in the Gulf War.
• Sue_(dinosaur)#Dispute_and_auction, excavators find the most complete T.Rex skeleton but the greedy landowner attempts to reposess it. Eventually it doesn't go to the local museum who found it. Very sad.
• Pippa Bacca, hitch-hiking to promote world peace and trust in other people, wearing a wedding dress was gang-raped and strangled.
• Turkey's DHKP/C, links with Ergenekon which is part of the Deep state (shadow state within a state)- The deep state (Turkish: derin devlet) is alleged to be a group of influential anti-democratic coalitions within the Turkish political system, composed of high-level elements within the intelligence services (domestic and foreign), Turkish military, security, judiciary, and mafia.
• Structure and agency, The structure versus agency debate may be understood as an issue of socialization against autonomy in determining whether an individual acts as a free agent or in a manner dictated by social structure.
• Asma_al-Assad London born British educated wife of Bashar Al-Assad, wife of Syrian dictator and utter cunt. worked for big banks and employed PR firms for her image.
• Imelda_Marcos#Quotes " When I go out into the barrios, I get dressed because I know my little people want to see a star." and more such golden quotes. former phillipines president widowed wife
• Ahmed Khadr, wanting to help orphans and children in afghanistan but west forces call him a terrorist. humanitarian not ideologist.
• Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster, richest property developer and 3rd richest british born citizen, aristocrat and supporter of military with military career. One of the country's largest landowners, with vast estates in Oxford, Cheshire and Scotland, as well as large areas of Mayfair and Belgravia in central London, and also in Europe.
• God came down to look at the city and tower, and remarked that as one people with one language, nothing that they sought would be out of their reach. God went down and confounded their speech, so that they could not understand each other, and scattered them over the face of the earth, and they stopped building the city. Thus the city was called Babel.
• While Kollontai was initially drawn to the populist ideas of a restructuring of society based upon the peasant commune, effective advocates of such theories in the last decade of the 19th century were few.[11] Marxism, with its emphasis on the enlightenment of factory workers, the revolutionary seizure of power, and the construction of modern industrial society, held sway with Kollontai as with so many of her peers of Russia's radical intelligentsia.
• Jessica Mitford
• Withering away of the state some kind of communist myth
• Nestor Makhno, Ukraine anarchist during Russian revolution was fighting Ukraine army, White army, Red army and Germans at the same time.
• Landless Workers' Movement or MST in Brazil
• 3d printing keys http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/58214/whats-to-stop-someone-from-3d-print-cloning-a-key
• Impostor syndrome, Despite external evidence of their competence, those with the syndrome remain convinced that they are frauds and do not deserve the success they have achieved.

• Moshav - modern day cooperative kibbutz but with market principles.

• Communal Hutterite christians in the US.

• Several rights that in another state might be guaranteed by constitution have indeed been abolished or modified by the British parliament in the early 21st century, including the unconditional right to trial by jury, the right to silence without prejudicial inference, permissible detention before a charge is made extended from 24 hours to 42 days, and the right not to be tried twice for the same offence.

• Cincinnati Time Store selling goods based on their labour time need to create them.

• Cicada 3301 random codes around the world that ppl had to solve for recruitment.

• Chloramphenicol#Mechanism_of_action

• Emu War - attempts to curb the population of emus in Australia employed soldiers armed with machine guns.

• Suicide methods - in 1933, Kiyoko Matsumoto committed suicide by jumping into the Mihara crater. A trend of copycat suicides followed, as 944 people jumped into the same crater over the following year.[79] Over 1200 people attempted suicide in two years before a barrier was erected.[80] The original barrier was replaced with a higher fence topped with barbed wire after another 619 people jumped in 1936.

• School attacks in China (2010–12) - mass stabbings at schools caused by mental health problems due to social change.

• Wikileaks swinged vote in Kenya by exposing corruption

• Jenkem is, purportedly, a hallucinogenic inhalant created from fermented human waste.

• Jean Jacques Machado - renowned BJJ fighter with only thumb and little finger on left hand.

• Max_Planck#Nazi_dictatorship_and_the_Second_World_War keeps his head down and solidering on while nazi bullshit ruins his life. slogs through hoping it will end instead of rising up.

• 2013 mass surveillance disclosures, wow just wow

• Jack Churchill - world war 2 soldier. battled with sword and crossbow.

• The Impossible trinity (also known as the Trilemma) is a trilemma in international economics which states that it is impossible to have all three of the following at the same time:

• • A fixed exchange rate.

• • Free capital movement (absence of capital controls).

• • An independent monetary policy.

• Agents of influence: The primary characteristic that distinguishes agents of influence from spies is the lack of absolute control exercised by the foreign power on an agent of influence. According to Angelo Codevilla, the work of an agent of influence “can be far more valuable, subtle, and dangerous than that of a mere spy.”[16] As witnessed in the Cold War through “fellow travelers,” the best agents of influence were those whose interests paralleled that of the aggressor’s and needed little if any coordination. Agents of influence are often the most difficult agents to detect, as there is seldom material evidence that connects them with a foreign power,[2] but they can be among the most effective means of influencing foreign opinion and actions as they hold considerable credibility among the target audience.
• Ahmad_Shah_Massoud become the freedom fighter against the Soviets who did the most. National hero of Afghanistan. His fight against the Taliban started with Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar when he was an activist at the Islamic Youth party during university (when he was studying as an engineer) and they split with Massoud and Gulbuddin. At 22 Gulbuddin hated him so much that he tried to kill him.
• Pork_mutiny was an incident in Northern Finland in 1922. On February 2 a group of armed Red Guard members crossed the Finnish-Soviet border near Kuolajärvi and Savukoski. They advanced to a logging yard owned by Kemijoki Oy. They arrested the heads of the yard and confiscated the cashbox. They went around robbing places before the 240 men crossed into the Russia and never came back. They slipped away before the White Guard arrived. Never even fought against the main army.
• Winter War, Finnish with half of Soviet men invading and far less resources winning the war and devestating the Soviets. Finnish farmers living off the land vs demoralised Russian soldiers with thin supply lines.
• Simo Häyhä: using a modified Mosin–Nagant in the Winter War, he has the highest recorded number of confirmed sniper kills – 505 – in any major war.[2] Furthermore, he has a total confirmed kill record of at least 705, as he is credited for at least 200 more kills with a Suomi 9mm submachine gun. All of these kills occurred within 100 days.
• Hortense Clews young 13 year old against the Nazis working for SOE Section F. http://www.aircrew-saltire.org/lib142.htm
• public_of_China#Arguments_in_favor_of_physicians.27_choice_to_smoke An economic motivation against physician smoking may be the societal loss that is caused by tobacco use. The resources that are spent on medical school and hospital training might not be realized fully if physicians die prematurely from higher smoking rates.

• Pluralistic ignorance - kitty genovese, bystander effect.

• Human pitfalls:
  • Poker chasing loses
  • Scientist looking for data to fit conclusion
  • Doctor not seeking treatment.
  • Pastor developing messiah complex [7]

• Paris Syndrome, Jerusalem Syndrome, Stendhal Syndrome - too much art turns you crazy in Florence.
• Ruderal species - plants that exist to take over areas after catastrophes.
• Goebbels children death, Helga Susanna bruised face...
• Nazi Germany#Reich_economics - near full employment (excl non-citizens and women). wages dropped 25%. trade unions, collective bargaining and right to strike banned. right to quit disappeared: labour books and need previous employer consent for new job.

• red october malware.

• Community_Charge#Non-payment Margaret Thatcher's poll tax. Mass non-payment by people refusing to pay tax.

• Rokotov–Faibishenko_case show trial for guy in soviet times mass dealing foreign exchange.

• Advisory_Council_on_the_Misuse_of_Drugs#Controversial_resignations - In his October 2009 paper (based on a lecture given in July 2009) Nutt had repeated his familiar view that illicit drugs should be classified according to the actual evidence of the harm they cause and pointed out that alcohol and tobacco caused more harm than LSD, ecstasy and cannabis. Alcohol should come fifth behind cocaine, heroin, barbiturates and methadone, and tobacco should rank ninth, ahead of cannabis, LSD and ecstasy, he said. He also argued that smoking cannabis created only a "relatively small risk" of psychotic illness.

• Recreational_drug_use#Risks_and_harm

When overall harm to society and the drug user are considered together, alcohol is by far the most damaging (despite being legal more often than the other drugs). [A] limitation of this study is that drug harms are functions of their availability and legal status in the UK, and so other cultures' control systems could yield different rankings.

• David Nutt - fired from government for speaking out against retarded drug classification system. others quit in protest also.

A figure using data from a paper in the journal, The Lancet ranking the relative negative effects of different drugs. The paper was written by Nutt and included in his controversial lecture.

• Lsd#Potential_adverse_effects - It is physiologically well tolerated and there is no evidence for long-lasting physiological effects on the brain or other parts of the human organism.

Chart of dependence potential and effective dose/lethal dose of some psychoactive drugs

• Allais paradox: individuals appear to forgo the chance of a very large gain to avoid a one per cent chance of missing out on an otherwise certain large gain, but are less risk averse when offered to chance of reducing an 11 per cent chance of loss to 10 per cent. prospect theory
• Small_world_phenomenon, Generally, the package quickly reached a close geographic proximity, but would circle the target almost randomly until it found the target's inner circle of friends.
• Brain drain in Iran
• Legalised prostitution in Iran: Prostitution_in_Iran#Nikah_mut.E2.80.98ah_or_Sigheh
• Kasparov versus the World
• Tetrachromacy#Possibility_of_human_tetrachromats
• Common_side-blotched_lizard#Mating_strategy, "orange beats blue, blue beats yellow, and yellow beats orange"
• Ruby Ridge gun shootout. 1 guy fighting for his land.

Whales

• Whale stories. This is so cool.
  • Baja whales forgiving humans
  • long ass new york times article on whales
  • passionate article about the baja whales
  • 52 hz loneliest whale in the world
  • corresponding NYT article
  • Carl Sagan video on whales. made me come to really appreciate them.
  • BBC documentary: Ocean Giants: Deep Thinkers

"We're interested in communication with extraterrestrial intelligence. Wouldn't a good beginning be better communication with terrestrial intelligence? With other human beings of different cultures and languages? With the great apes? With the dolphins? But particularly with the whales." - Carl Sagan

Hist

• Yabba famous sports heckler
• authoritarianism: mind your own business, or we'll shoot you. totalitarianism: do what we say, or we'll shoot you. totalitarianism pervades every thought and psyche.
• Violette Szabo spy sounds like a hotty
• Antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis wtf wow! death hypothesis
• sleeping rape: "In separate cases across the world, at Leicester and in Australia, defendants were acquitted of rape where they successfully raised the defence of automatism on the basis that they had penetrated a woman whilst asleep. Both men had a documented history of sleep walking. The Leicester defendant apologised the moment he awoke. These cases can be distinguished from a deliberate act of rape on a sleeping woman."
• Aché_people and sharing.
• Hadza people and tolerated theft. They share everything like communists. "Likewise, money from tourism often goes into accounts which can only be operated by a few individuals who all too often misuse it for their own ends (e.g. booze)."
• Blue Brain Project to simulate the brain.
• Millennium Run simulation of universe looks like neurons
• Therac-25, bug in software. lethal radiation dosage released to 6 people. 3 died
• The Urantia Book . very odd
• Wisdom in folk society meant the ability to provide an apt adage for any occasion

• Rwandan Genocide, this is why we need leaking culture: Just before the genocide began in April 1994 a Hutu man with a guilty conscience high in the ranks of the Mouvement Démocratique Républicain de Parmehutu sent a fax to the United Nations and to the United States detailing the plans of genocide against the Tutsis that would take place shortly. The fax detailed where, against whom and with exact what materials the genocide would be carried out. The information was never dealt with. For whatever reason, perhaps bureaucracy, the word of the genocide never spread far enough to enlist help from the Security Council.

• Jacqueline Mukansonera, a Hutu woman helped a fellow Tutsi.

• Rwandan Genocide - To promote an informed population and democracy in Rwanda, international agencies had promoted development of the media during the years leading up to the genocide. It appeared that promoting one aspect of democracy (in this case the media) may, in fact, negatively influence other aspects of democracy or human rights. After this experience it has been argued that international development agencies must be highly sensitive to the specific context of their programmes and the need for promotion of democracy in a holistic manner.

• 1997_unrest_in_Albania#Causes communist albania becomes capitalist, the people have no fucking clue what they're doing, two thirds of the country were invested in pyramid schemes, schemes inevitably collapsed, $1.2 billion lost (from 3 million people), people go protest on the street to demand the government reimburse them! government completely broke down

• Enver_Hoxha#Later_rule - life looks totally awesome, er wait Enver_Hoxha#Human_rights ""Its activities permeated Albanian society to the extent that every third citizen had either served time in labour camps or had been interrogated by Sigurimi officers."

• Dinka people, Nuer, said: They consider their country the best in the world and everyone inferior to themselves. For this reason they . . . scorn European and Arab culture . . . Their attitude toward any authority that would coerce them is one of touchiness, pride, and reckless hatred of submission, and [a Dinka] is ready to defend himself and his property from the inroads of others. They are self-reliant, brave fighters, turbulent and aggressive, and are extremely conservative in their aversion to innovation...‎

• botanical stratigraphy - cryptogams (carboniferous), gymnosperms (mesozoic), amniosperms (tertiary)

• window tax. To avoid the tax people bricked up window spaces (as seen in houses from this time). It existed because income tax was seen as a gross intrusion on people's privacy.

• Pink triangle

• Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum. awesome. a wall fresco ... was covered with plaster (because of 'offensiveness').

• Gladiator - One very notable social renegade was an aristocratic descendant of the Gracchi, infamous for his marriage (as a bride) to a male horn player. He made a voluntary and "shameless" arena appearance not only as a lowly retiarius tunicatus but in woman's attire and a conical hat adorned with gold ribbon. In Juvenal's account, he seems to have relished the scandalous self-display, applause and the disgrace he inflicted on his more sturdy opponent by repeatedly skipping away from the confrontation.

• Fourth Crusade - never reached the holy land. Instead ended up focused on defeating Constantinople. Sacked the entire city solidifying the schism. After that, Greeks preferred Ottoman Islamic rule to Latin Catholic rule.

• Mos maiorum - Ancient Roman ethics (pre-Christianity)

• Folie à deux - lolwut. madness transmitted like an infectious laugh or yawn?

• Luther Blissett (nom de plume) came before Anonymous.

• 1918 flu pandemic In civilian life, evolutionary pressures favour a mild strain: those who get very sick stay home, and those mildly ill continue with their lives, preferentially spreading the mild strain. In the trenches, the evolutionary pressures were reversed: soldiers with a mild strain remained where they were, while the severely ill were sent on crowded trains to crowded field hospitals, spreading the deadlier virus.

• Ad astra (phrase)

• Documentary hypothesis - bible came from 4 authors JEDP, yahwist, elohist, deuteronomist and a priestly source.

• Parkinson's law - Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion.

• Sufiah Yusof child maths prodigy later became a hooker

• Leonid Rogozov performed self surgery to remove his appendix when he was stuck in Antarctica.

• David Hilbert inventor of quantum physics invites Emmy Noether to teach at the university of Gottingen: "Their effort to recruit her, however, was blocked by the philologists and historians among the philosophical faculty: women, they insisted, should not become privatdozent. One faculty member protested: "What will our soldiers think when they return to the university and find that they are required to learn at the feet of a woman?""

• John Titor - time traveller to internet forums :)

• Dunbar's number - 150 is ideal group-size.

• 2010 Flash Crash New York Stock Exchange plunge when trader accidentally sold shares and HFT bots accelerating the fall in a snowball effect.

• Greek stray dog Loukanikos which appears at Greek anarchist demonstrations.

• Greeble surface detail breaking up an object.

• Statue of Liberty built by donations. "the World announced that $102,000 had been raised from 120,000 donors, and that 80 percent of the total had been received in sums of less than one dollar."

• 83 stone family says (in video) "for lunch we have a jacket potato with a piece of lettuce".

• More than two-thirds of the population of Iran is under the age of 30, one quarter being 15 years of age or younger. Iran also exhibits one of the steepest urban growth rates in the world according to the UN humanitarian information unit. According to 2005 population estimates, approximately 67 percent of Iran's population lives in urban areas, up frModern molecular and genome analysis has shown that the genetic diversity of man in sub-Saharan Africa is greater than exists in the entire rest of the human race.om 27 percent in 1950. According to the International Monetary Fund, the Islamic Republic of Iran ranks first in "brain drain" among 61 "developing" and "less developed" countries it measured. More than 150,000 Iranians leave the Islamic Republic every year, and an estimated 25% of all Iranians with post-secondary education now live abroad in "developed" countries of the OECD. As of late 2006 nearly 70% of Iran's science and engineering students are women. Furthermore according to UNESCO world survey, Iran has the highest female to male ratio at primary level of enrollment in the world among sovereign nations, with a girl to boy ratio of 1.22 : 1.00. Science growth in Iran is the highest worldwide.

• 6th century BC Cyrus the Great abolishes slavery in Persia along with establishing unprecedented human rights principles and religious freedom.

• PT extinction. 83% of all genera killed, 96% of all marine species. PT_extinction#Biotic_recovery, Lystrosaurus accounted for 90% of all early Triassic land vertebrates for 30 million years.

• Piraha language and the cannot learn to count
• people who use abs pos, not rel pos in language

Urban planning#Transport

Iran is not particularly religious

• ppl brain damage, no speak still curse as swearing de limbic emotional system (src: grmrgrl... verify)

Their skin conductance patterns spike, the hairs on their arms rise, their pulse quickens, and their breathing becomes shallow.

• Henrietta Lacks & HeLa

"Elsie was described by the family as "different", "deaf and dumb" and eventually died in the Crownsville State Hospital in 1955. Years later the family learned Elsie had been abused there and may have had holes drilled in her head during experiments."

• Jane Jacobs and New Urbanism. A frequent theme of her work was to ask whether we are building cities for people or for cars.
• Watts Towers built by single man over 33 years.
• Moon illusion
• Asch conformity experiments, when the confederates are not unanimous in their judgment, even if only 1 confederate voices a different opinion, participants are much more likely to resist the urge to conform than when the confederates all agree.
• Sons of Iraq or The Awakening. In 2005 the American war in Iraq was failing. The situation was bleak until one tribe in Anbar, later growing to country wide force of 100 000, swung the situation around.
• Chung Ju-yung ran away from his small town farm 3 times to pursue his interest in civil engineering. Each time his father would find him in the city and bring him back home. Finally on his fourth attempt upon reaching Seoul, he worked odd jobs for years before coming to inherit a rice store which made good profits. After he setup an automobile repear business, expanding to bigger things later; civil industry, reconstruction of most of South Korea's transportation, world's largest shipyard, nuclear power plant, and philanthropy: hospitals, successful lobbying for hosting Olympics in Korea, normalising relations with North Korea.
• Farid later became known as Sher Khan after he killed a full-sized tiger (sher) with his bare hands.
• Among the very first American colonists, African entrepreneurs who had arrived as laborers engaged in society and commerce on an equal footing, with equal rights, as Europeans—and with similar attitudes. The Enlightenment brought with it, in the 18th century, the synthesis of humans as unequals, with blacks placed as the lowest of the races in the Great Chain of Being. See Race (classification of humans)
• In the mid 1850s, on his way to Paris with his wife, Green found his son John, with his hands bound, on his way to being sold "down the river". He was helpless to protect his son.
• The Kakapo breeds only once every two to five years, when a certain type of plant species produces protein-rich fruit and seeds.
• Today, the world's more than 1,100 billionaires have a net worth that's roughly double that of the bottom 2.5 billion people on the planet. The richest 10 percent of adults worldwide own 85 percent of global wealth, while the poorest half only barely one percent. The world's almost 10 million millionaires have seen their wealth double to nearly $37 trillion over the past 10 years.
• Zoophilia on the Romans (Dec 08 09):

murderous sadism, torture and rape of the Roman games ... "Beasts were specially trained ... the animal would attempt rape. ... bulls, giraffes, leopards, cheetahs, wild boar, zebras, stallions, jackasses, huge dogs, apes, ... often causing extreme suffering, injury or death. On occasion, the more ferocious beasts were permitted to kill devour their victims ... Chimpanzees ... "made drunk by wine, inflamed by odor of females their kind, loosed on girls whose genitals been drenched the urine of female chimps." victims often virgins, not infrequently young children. One spectacle said have included "a hundred tiny blonde girls being raped simultaneously by a horde of baboons."

• Adoption was not secretive or considered shameful, nor was the adopted boy expected to cut ties to his original family. Like a marriage contract, adoption was a way to reinforce inter-family ties and political alliances. The adopted child was often in a privileged situation, enjoying both original and adoptive family connections. Almost every politically famous Roman family used it.
• "I don't see why we need to stand by and watch a country go communist due to the irresponsibility of its own people. The issues are much too important for the Chilean voters to be left to decide for themselves." -Henry Kissinger

CIA intervention for regime change:

1953 Iran, 1954 Guatemala, 1959 Cuba, 1960 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1963 Iraq, 1964 Brazil, 1966 Republic of Ghana, 1968 Iraq, 1973 Afghanistan, 1973 Iraq, 1976 Argentina, 1978 Afghanistan, 1980 Iran, 1980 El Salvador, 1980 Cambodia, 1980 Angola, 1981 Nicaragua, 1986 Phillippines, 1992 Iraq, 1993 Guatemala

• Discrimination against atheists: A 2006 study found that 40% of respondents characterized atheists as a group that did "not at all agree with my vision of American society", and that 48% would not want their child to marry an atheist. In both studies, percentages of disapproval of atheists were above those for Muslims, African-Americans and homosexuals. Demographics: A 2009 study reported that two thirds of teenagers in the UK do not believe in God.
• Einstein Cross, all 4 quasars are the same one but the light is gravitationally lensed.
• Privatizing profits and socializing losses, Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor and Corporate welfare.
• The URV was extinguished on July 1, 1994, when it was converted to a new currency, the real at a parity (i.e., 1 real = 1 URV = CR$ 2,750), effectively breaking the hyperinflationary cycle, bringing stability to the Brazilian currency.
• Zimmermann challenged these regulations in a curious way. He published the entire source code of PGP in a hardback book, via MIT Press, which was distributed and sold widely. Anybody wishing to build their own copy of PGP could buy the $60 book, cut off the covers, separate the pages, and scan them using an OCR program, creating a set of source code text files. One could then build the application using the freely available GNU Compiler Collection. PGP would thus be available anywhere in the world. The claimed principle was simple: export of munitions—guns, bombs, planes, and software—was (and remains) restricted; but the export of books is protected by the First Amendment.

Rangoon, Burma. August 8, 1945. A young ethnic Chinese woman who was in one of the Imperial Japanese Army's "comfort battalions" is interviewed by an Allied officer.

• The world wonders, TURKEY TROTS TO WATER GG FROM CINCPAC ACTION COM THIRD FLEET INFO COMINCH CTF SEVENTY-SEVEN X WHERE IS RPT WHERE IS TASK FORCE THIRTY FOUR RR THE WORLD WONDERS. Halsey later recalled. "The paper rattled in my hands, I snatched off my cap, threw it on the deck, and shouted something I am ashamed to remember" and let out an anguished sob. Regarding the message as an open humiliation, he delayed for an hour - saying he was refueling - before turning around with his two fastest battleships along with three light cruisers and eight destroyers.
• The oft-repeated tale of Messalina's all-night sex competition with a prostitute ... identified the prostitute as Scylla. According to Pliny, the competition lasted for 24 hours and Messalina won with a score of 25 partners.
• The North Korean government engages in forced prostitution. Its prostitutes are known as manjokcho (만족조 “satisfaction team(s)”) and are organised as a part of the Gippeumjo, who are drafted from among 14 to 20 year old virgins, trained for about 20 months, and often “ordered to marry guards of Kim Jong-il or national heroes” when they "retire" at 25 years old. For a girl selected to serve in the kippŭmjo, it is impossible to refuse, even if she is the daughter of a party official. Manjokcho must have sex with male high-ranking party officials. Kim Il-sung is believed to have established this corps of women in the belief that having sexual relations with young women would have the effect of enhancing his life force, or gi.
• It is estimated that only 25 percent of the comfort women survived and that most were unable to have children as a consequence of the multiple rapes or the disease they contracted. "The women cried out, but it didn't matter to us whether the women lived or died. We were the emperor's soldiers. Whether in military brothels or in the villages, we raped without reluctance.". Women working at the brothels “most likely served 25 to 35 men a day”
• Following Shinzo Abe's declarations, former education minister Nariaki Nakayama declared he was proud that the LDP had succeeded in getting references to "wartime sex slaves" struck from most authorized history texts for junior high schools. "Our campaign worked, and people outside government also started raising their voices.", "It is good that expressions such as comfort women and forced labor have decreased in history textbooks" He also declared that he agreed with an e-mail sent to him saying that the "victimized women in Asia should be proud of being comfort women". "Those women deserve much sympathy, but (being forced to provide sex) is not so much different from what was commonly seen in poor rural Japanese communities in the past, where women were sold to brothels. It could be said that the occupation was something they could have pride in, given their existence soothed distraught feelings of men in the battlefield and provided a certain respite and order." He has denied the term "comfort women" existed during the wartime years.
• Hawala informal network of money traders based on trust and reputation.
• 30% of the population in the Arab world is classified as overweight or obese, including 80% of adult women in Kuwait.
• M31 contains one trillion (10¹²) stars, more than the number of stars in our own galaxy, which is estimated to be c. 200-400 billion.
• Results from the survey report on DIY projects (also see Instructables.com article).

• Motivations for working on DIY projects.
  Motivations for working on DIY projects.
• Distribution of different DIY projects.
  Distribution of different DIY projects.
• Cost and earnings distribution.
  Cost and earnings distribution.
• Barriers to content creation.
  Barriers to content creation.

It's like saying that you learn more by teaching and sharing with others. Every time I pass on a little bit of information to someone else, it helps to ingrain that knowledge in my head, even spur on a desire to learn more.

— Forum quote from article

• Having fought in WW2 and starred on one of the most successful franchises in history; Star Trek, James Doohan recalls his proudest moment. A female fan had sent him a suicide note. Doohan immediately contacted the fan and arranged to speak with her at his next convention appearance. Doohan continued to see her at several other conventions, but ultimately didn't hear from her for several years. Doohan, visibly moved by relating this tale, then reveals the reason for the eight-year-long silence: He received one final letter from the previously distraught fan, thanking Doohan for his kindness and comforting words, and informing him that because of his encouragement, she had successfully gone back to school and earned a degree in Electrical Engineering. Scotty's exploits as the redoubtable Chief Engineer aboard the Enterprise inspired many students to pursue a career in engineering. Because of this, the Milwaukee School of Engineering granted Doohan an honorary degree in engineering.
• The Chicxulub crater impact would have caused some of the largest megatsunamis in Earth's history, reaching thousands of feet high. ... would have been heated to incandescence upon re-entry, broiling the Earth's surface and possibly igniting global wildfires; meanwhile, colossal shock waves spawned global earthquakes and volcanic eruptions... This has led to the hypothesis that the Chicxulub impact may have been only one of several impacts that happened nearly at the same time.
• Bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon that refers to cases where individuals do not offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present.
• Psychological refractory period refers to the delay observed in the execution of the second of two tasks when it must be in close temporal succession with a prior task.
• Maya numerals seem better and more logical than arabic ones.
• Chiapas is an effective autonomous anarchist state under the Zapatista Army of National Liberation. Resistance to central government consists of non-compliance. Subcomandante Marcos.

“ Imagine a person who comes from an urban culture. One of the world’s biggest cities, with a university education, accustomed to city life. It’s like landing on another planet. The language, the surroundings are new. You’re seen as an alien from outer space. Everything tells you: “Leave. This is a mistake. You don’t belong in this place.” And it’s said in a foreign tongue. But they let you know, the people, the way they act; the weather, the way it rains; the sunshine; the earth, the way it turns to mud; the diseases; the insects; homesickness. You’re being told. “You don’t belong here.” If that’s not a nightmare, what is? ”

The Zapatistas are not a political party: they do not seek office throughout the state, because that would perpetuate the political system by attempting to gain power within its ranks. Instead, they wish to reconceptualize the entire system.

Laws in the Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities are passed by the will of the people. General assemblies gather weekly to decide on matters facing the community. The assemblies are open to all, with no formal hierarchy. Decisions made by the communities are passed to elected delegates whose only job is to give the decided upon information to a council of delegates. Delegates are recallable, and are rotated. This way, massive numbers of people are able to decide things with no formal hierarchy, and without people speaking for them.

• Media customarily discourages reporting on suicides due to Copycat suicide stemming from social proof. The Werther effect predicts that the more similar the person in the publicized suicide is to the people exposed to the information about it, the more likely the age group or demographic is to commit suicide.
• Anarchy in Somalia. Somalia, though brutally poor, is a kind of libertarian's dream. Free enterprise flourishes, and vigorous commercial competition is the only form of regulation. Somalia has some of the best telecommunications in Africa, with a handful of companies ready to wire home or office and provide crystal-clear service, including international long distance, for about $10 a month." Installation time for a land-line is just three days, while in the neighboring Kenya waiting lists are many years long. The Economist cited the telephone industry in anarchic Somalia as "a vivid illustration of the way in which governments…can often be more of a hindrance than a help. Economist Peter T. Leeson, "Somalis are better off under anarchy than they were under government.".
• Social proof. Fundamental attribution error. Cognitive dissonance. Nightclubs reduce rate at which people enter causing long lines. Other customers perceive the long line as an indicator of desirability and join; "if all these people are waiting, the place must be good". Also theater claque and canned laughter.
• Availability heuristic (can result in cognitive bias) is where people predict the frequency of an event, or a proportion within a population, based on how easily an example can be brought to mind.
• Robert Cialdini#Six_.22Weapons_of_Influence.22. Foot-in-the-door technique
• Obedience (human behavior). Extensive training is given in armies to make soldiers capable of obeying orders in situations where an untrained person would not be willing to follow orders. Soldiers are initially ordered to do seemingly trivial things, such as picking up the sergeant's hat off the floor, marching in just the right position, or marching and standing in formation. The orders gradually become more demanding, until an order to the soldiers to place themselves into the midst of gunfire gets a knee-jerk obedient response.
• Informational cascades. Tipping point.
• The Third Wave experiment took on a life of its own, with students from all over the school joining in: on the third day the class expanded from initial 30 students to 43 attendees. All of the students showed drastic improvement in their academic skills and tremendous motivation. All of the students were issued a member card and each of them received a special assignment (like designing a Third Wave Banner, stopping non-members from entering the class, etc). Jones instructed the students on how to initiate new members, and by the end of the day the movement had over 200 participants.
• Jane Elliott and the “blue-eyed/brown-eyed” exercise. At the commercial break, audience reaction to her was instant as hundreds of calls came into the show’s switchboard, most of the reaction was negative. The most often-quoted letter states “How dare you try this cruel experiment out on white children.” More than 450 children went through her experiment from 1968 to 1984 and many say that she is “a hero, a teacher extraordinaire, whose simple experiment, which lasted just two days, forever changed their lives.” ( p9) Almost all these students say that they remember the exercise very vividly and that it made them think, and try to be different. Video of the exercise.
• At the 2001 G8 summit in Genoa, police and security services infiltrated black blocs with agent provocateurs. Allegations first surfaced after video footage in which "men in black were seen getting out of police vans near protest marches". Persons employed by the police or other entity to act undercover to entice or provoke another person to commit an illegal act. Three masked protesters, one of whom was armed with a large rock, were asked to leave by protest organizers. After the three protesters breached the police line, they were brought to the ground, handcuffed, and taken away. The evidence that the arrested people were police provocateurs was circumstantial, including the fact that the protesters were wearing similar boots. After the protest, the police force admitted that three of their officers disguised themselves as demonstrators, they denied provoking the crowd and instigating violence.
• Acid rock got its name because it served as "background" music for acid trips in underground parties in the 1960s.
• On November 23, 2004, in the Tlahuac lynching, three Mexican undercover federal agents doing a narcotics investigation were lynched in the town of San Juan Ixtayopan (Mexico City) by an angry crowd who saw them taking photographs and suspected they were trying to abduct children from a primary school. The agents identified themselves immediately but were held and beaten for several hours before two of them were killed and set on fire. The incident was covered by the media almost from the beginning, including their pleas for help and their murder.

By the time police rescue units arrived, two of the agents were reduced to charred corpses and the third was seriously injured. Authorities suspect the lynching was provoked by the persons being investigated.

Both local and federal authorities abandoned them to their fate, saying the town was too far away to even try to arrive in time and some officials stating they would provoke a massacre if they tried to rescue them from the mob.

• Caste-related violence in India. On September 1, 2007 some Yadavs poured steaming dal on a Dalit woman and her infant daughter, and beat up several other Dalits, for allowing their children to play in the premises of a temple at Shivayalay Mushari, on the outskirts ofPatna.

Ranvir Sena is an caste-supremacist fringe paramilitary group based in Bihar. The group is based amongst the higher-caste landlords, and carries out actions against the outlawed naxals in rural areas. It has committed violent acts againstDalits and other members of the scheduled caste community in an effort to prevent reforms aimed at their emancipation.

• Energy economics relating to thermoeconomics, is a broad scientific subject area which includes topics related to supply and use of energy. Thermoeconomists argue that economic systems always involvematter, energy, entropy, and information. Thermoeconomics is based on the proposition that the role of energy in biological evolution should be defined and understood through the second law of thermodynamics but in terms of such economic criteria asproductivity, efficiency, and especially the costs and benefits of the various mechanisms for capturing and utilizing available energy to build biomass and do work. As a result, thermoeconomics are often discussed in the field of ecological economics, which itself is related to the fields of sustainability and sustainable development.
• Neoclassical economicsbegins with the a priori assumptions that agents are rational and that they seek to maximize their individual utility (or profits) subject to environmental constraints. These assumptions provide the backbone for rational choice theory.
• Prospect theory and expected utility hypothesis: modelling how we value and assess risk mathematically.
• Neoteny#Between_sexes. Paedomorphic characteristics in women are widely acknowledged as desirable by men.
• Matt Henson, first man to reach the North Pole. Black & received no recognition. His expedition leader broke off contact after he wrote a book because he considered him no more than a servant.
• "It is likely that Glenn Beck owes his brand of Founding Father-worship to Mormonism, where reverence for the founders and the United States Constitution as divinely inspired are often-declared elements of orthodox belief ... Many Mormons also believe that Joseph Smith prophesied in 1843 that the US Constitution would one day 'hang by a thread' and be saved by faithful Mormons." See White Horse Prophecy.
• Because gambling for cash is illegal in Japan and Taiwan, Pachinko balls won cannot be exchanged directly for cash in the parlor. Instead, the balls are exchanged for token prizes, which can then be taken outside and traded in for cash at a business that is nominally separate from the parlor.
• Mosuo#Walking_marriages. Chinese ethnic group that engages in serial monogamy. No inhibitions against multiple partners for both males and females. Women don't leave to live with partners and children are raised in family's home. Show monogamy is IMPOSED on us.
• Because of the lower costs in Second Life, it suffers from a greater level of irrational economic behaviour than real economies. A business using a model which has proven economically unviable may be kept open for months or even years using the owner's real money, because the cost of doing so is so low and some business owners are more motivated by a sense of "winning" than monetary profit. (For example, some businesses spend more on marketing than they earn.) These businesses compete with, and potentially damage the market for, other businesses that are striving for economic viability.
• Titanic. The initial reluctance of the passengers to board the lifeboats contributed to the death toll. For example, Lifeboat #7 launched first, at 00:40 and with only 12 people aboard, despite its capacity of 40. Titanic did not initially appear to passengers to be in imminent danger, so they were reluctant to leave the apparent safety of the ship.
• RONJA is a Free Space Optics device that transmits data wirelessly using beams of light. Ronja can be used to create a 10 Mbit/s full duplex Ethernet point-to-point link.
• The Christmas truce was a series of widespread unofficial ceasefires that took place along the Western Front around Christmas of 1914, during the First World War. Through the week leading up to Christmas, parties of German and British soldiers began to exchange seasonal greetings and songs between their trenches; on occasion, the tension was reduced to the point that individuals would walk across to talk to their opposite numbers bearing gifts. On Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, many soldiers from both sides – as well as, to a lesser degree, from French units – independently ventured into no man's land, where they mingled, exchanging food and souvenirs. As well as joint burial ceremonies, several meetings ended in carol-singing, or – famously – games of football.
• Rape_statistics#False_reporting. Dr. Kanin found 41% of accustations were found to be 'false'.
• Freenode catalysts - an important characteristic of successful catalysts is the infrequency with which they wear authority or invoke special privilege.
• Free-diving record for holding one's breath is 20 mins. David Blaine holds the 6th record at 17 mins.
• When a drunken man entered a train one day and started harassing a young women, he struggled with him for a while until others called a conductor. On returning home, he shared his experience with other posters on the influential 2chan (Japanese 4chan) and was eventually nicknamed "Densha Otoko" (Train_Man). ... he had never been on a date. Because of this last fact, he consistently posted updates on his situation, asking for advice on everything from restaurant choices to what clothing to wear.... Hugely popular; spawned book, mangas, TV drama and a film.
• HAV-3 - Hybrid Air Vehicle can land without air crew, carry heavy weights and remain air borne for 3 weeks. amazing.
• Homeless man now a radio superstar?
• The mass of plants comes from water and CO2, not the soil.
• Coatsworth's dog Tubby, a black male cocker spaniel, was the only fatality of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge disaster; he was lost along with Coatsworth's car. Professor Farquharson and a news photographer attempted to rescue Tubby during a lull, but the dog was too terrified to leave the car and bit one of the rescuers. Tubby died when the bridge fell, and neither his body nor the car were ever recovered.
• 2010–2011_South_Korea_foot-and-mouth_outbreak - 1.4 million pigs are buried alive to stop the outbreak.

evolution

• Charles Lyell realised standing on top of Etna that the Earth was not thousands of years old but millions. This was a scary thought for the religious man. A close friend of Charles Darwin, he struggled to square his religious beliefs with evolution. This inner struggle has been much commented on. He had particular difficulty in believing in natural selection as the main motive force in evolution.
• The diverse evolution crew:
  • Charles Lyell, religious & god-fearing.
  • Charles Darwin, rejected god after his daughter died. Meticulously persistant.
  • Joseph Dalton Hooker, explorer & valued botanist. calm, calculated.
  • Thomas Henry Huxley, "Darwin's bulldog". Militant, outspoken. Self-taught. autodidact. A boy who left school at ten became one of the most knowledgeable men in Britain.
  • Ernst Haeckel, the foreigner. German race-supremist. Theories outright rejected by Darwin & others. (Darwin hated slavery & disliked racism).
  • Alfred Russel Wallace, unconventional. Socialist, anti-capitalist, pro-suffrage, anti-social-darwinism/eugenics and anti-militarism. Spiritualist with belief in non-material origins for man's higher faculties. At odds with the scientific establishment. Social activist with prolific writings critical of the unjust social and economic system in 19th-century Britain. First prominent scientist to raise environmental concerns due to impact from human activity. His account of adventures and observations during his explorations in Indonesia and Malaysia, The Malay Archipelago, was one of the most popular and influential journals of scientific exploration published during the 19th century.
  • Richard Owen, villain. Coined the word & early researcher on Dinosaurs. Deeply religious. Hated Darwin personally & evolution, tried to smear the others. Hateful egoist that would steal credit for others work wherever possible. Derided Gideon Mantell as a mediocre scientist in an obituary right after his death. Downplayed others work. Jealous.
    Owen ignored the genuine scientific content of Mantell's work. For example, despite the paucity of finds Mantell had worked out that some dinosaurs were bipedal, including Iguanodon. This remarkable insight was totally ignored by Owen, whose instructions for the Crystal Palace models by Waterhouse Hawkins portrayed Iguanodon as grossly overweight and quadrupedal, with its misidentified thumb on its nose.
    Richard Owen, his long-time nemesis, had a section of Mantell's spine removed, pickled and stored on a shelf at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. It remained there until 1969 when it was destroyed due to lack of space.
• Modern molecular and genome analysis has shown that the genetic diversity of man in sub-Saharan Africa is greater than exists in the entire rest of the human race.
• Huxley was certainly not slavish in his dealings with Darwin. As shown in every biography, they had quite different and rather complementary characters. Important also, Darwin was a field naturalist, but Huxley was an anatomist, so there was a difference in their experience of nature. Lastly, Darwin's views on science were different from Huxley's views. For Darwin, natural selection was the best way to explain evolution because it explained a huge range of natural history facts and observations: it solved problems. Huxley, on the other hand, was an empiricist who trusted what he could see, and some things are not easily seen. With this in mind, one can appreciate the debate between them, Darwin writing his letters, Huxley never going quite so far as to say he thought Darwin was right.
• When Huxley himself was young there were virtually no degrees in British universities in the biological sciences and few courses. Most biologists of his day were either self-taught, or took medical degrees. When he retired there were established chairs in biological disciplines in most universities, and a broad consensus on the curricula to be followed. Huxley was the single most influential person in this transformation.
  Huxley founded the X Club which founded the journal Nature.
• Huxley's interest in education went still further than school and university classrooms; he made a great effort to reach interested adults of all kinds: after all, he himself was largely self-educated. There were his lecture courses for working men, many of which were published afterwards... and so was the free library organised by the college, an idea which was widely copied. Huxley thought, and said, that the men who attended were as good as any country squire. The technique of printing his more popular lectures in periodicals which were sold to the general public was extremely effective... Its theme — that vital action is nothing more than "the result of the molecular forces of the protoplasm which displays it" — shocked the audience.
• Thomas_Henry_Huxley#Mental_problems_in_the_family - Suffered depression throughout his lifetime. Many others in his family were mentally ill. Several descendents from first to third generation of his suffered severe depresson, some committing suicide.
• Chris Gardner, millionaire entrepeneur. Homeless with a young child. Slept in public toilet raising his young son whilst trying to establish himself as a stockbroker, as portrayed in the film The Pursuit of Happyness.
• Coco Chanel invited Vera Bate Lombardi to come to Paris and renew their work together. This was actually a cover for "Operation Modellhut", an attempt by Nazi spymaster Walter Schellenberg to make secret contact with Lombardi's relative Winston Churchill. When Lombardi refused, she was arrested as a British spy by the Gestapo. Chanel was later charged as a collaborator, but avoided trial due to an intervention by the British Royal family.
• 2010–2011 Tunisian protests, The Tunisian government of Ben Ali, which had been criticised in the media and amongst NGO's, was supported by the United States and France because of Ben Ali's "persecution of the Islamists, his economic agenda was touted as a brilliant model that could be replicated in North Africa and he proved to be a staunch US ally actively involved in the controversial rendition programme." As a result, the initial reactions by the US and France were muted.
• The Mystery Monkey of Tampa Bay elluding capture. Hero monkey has a facebook page for his fans. "Go little monkey, go! No cages for you" :)
• Miscegenation- A 2007 opinion survey found that more than half of Israeli Jews believed intermarriage is equivalent to "national treason".
• Miscegenation- By some estimates, 80,000 North American and European women (most of them over the age of 40) visit Jamaica every year for sex with young men (mostly in their 20s). They're called "milk bottles". HIV/AIDS infection rates in the Caribbean are much higher than in Canada or the U.S. Even so, female sex tourists in the Caribbean are not especially preoccupied by the risk.
• Some historians have suggested that the at-the-time unprecedented laws banning interracial marriage were originally invented by planters as a divide and rule tactic after the uprising of servants in Bacon's Rebellion. According to this theory, the ban on interracial marriage was issued to split up the racially mixed, increasingly mixed-race labour force into whites, who were given their freedom, and blacks, who were later treated as slaves rather than as indentured servants.
• Interracial films that include black men and white women together have a majority audience of white male viewers.
• Author Nils Ringdal alleged that three out of four men between the ages of 20 and 50 who have visited Asia or Africa have paid for sex. (I call bullshit!)
• In Qinghai, premarital sex between Tibetan girls and Han Chinese was common, some Tibetan girls boasted of their sexual conquests of Han Chinese boys.
• These marriages were not recognized by local mullahs since Muslims women were not allowed to marry non Muslim men under Islamic law. This did not stop the women because they enjoyed advantages, not being subject to Islamic law and they were not subjected to certain taxes. Uyghur women married to Chinese also did not have to wear a veil and they received their husband's property upon his death. These women were forbidden from having burial in Muslim graves. The children of Chinese men and Uyghur women were considered as Uyghur. Some Chinese soldiers had Uyghur women as temporary wives, and after the man's military service was up, the wife was left behind or sold, and if it was possible, sons were taken, and daughters were sold.
• Rape and enslavement of Hindu women by invading Islamic armies was very common. During the Arab invasion of Sindh (712 CE), all males of the age of seventeen and upwards were put to the sword and their women and children were enslaved. During the Islamic involvement in India, it was normal for kings to possess harems filled with native Hindu women won as booties of war. The most famous one was of Akbar's harem, which had over 5000 women.
• Interracial marriages between European men and Indian women were very common during colonial times. Most of these Indian Women usually were Muslim belonging to Aristocratic families and familes with royal ancesstry. According to the historian William Dalrymple, about one in three European men had Indian wives in colonial India. This was primarily because the Europeans (mostly Dutch, British, French and Portuguese and up to a lesser extent Swedes and Danes) — came to India when they were young and there were very few white women available in India. The most famous of such interracial liaisons was between the Hyderabadi noblewoman Khair-un-Nissa and the Scottish resident James Achilles Kirkpatrick.
• Many British and other European officers had their own harems made up of Indian women similar to those the Nawabs and Kings of India had. In the 19th century and early 20th century, thousands of women and girls from continental Europe were also trafficked into British India (and Ceylon), where they worked as prostitutes servicing both British soldiers and local Indian (and Ceylonese) men.
• In the early part of the Shōwa era, Japanese governments executed a eugenic policy to limit the birth of children with inferior traits, as well as aiming to protect the life and health of mothers. In 1928, journalist Shigenori Ikeda promoted the 21 December as the blood-purity day (junketsu de) and sponsored free blood-test at the Tokyo Hygiene laboratory.[130] By the early 1930s, detailed "eugenic marriage" questionnaires were printed or inserted in popular magazines for public consumption. Promoters like Ikeda were convinced that these marriage surveys would not only insure the eugenic fitness of spouses but also help avoid class differences that could disrupt and even destroy marriage. The goal was to create a database of individuals and their entire households which would enable eugenicists to conduct in-depth surveys of any given family's genealogy.<brNikah Ijtimah (English: combined marriage) is a form of polyandry that existed in the Pre-Islamic period in the Arabian peninsula. />One of the last eugenic measures of the Shōwa regime was taken by the Higashikuni government. On 19 August 1945, the Home Ministry ordered local government offices to establish a prostitution service for Allied soldiers to preserve the "purity" of the "Japanese race". The official declaration stated that : "Through the sacrifice of thousands of "Okichis" of the Shōwa era, we shall construct a dike to hold back the mad frenzy of the occupation troops and cultivate and preserve the purity of our race long into the future...."
• Japanese society, with its ideology of homogeneity, has traditionally been intolerant of ethnic and other differences. Men or women of mixed ancestry, foreigners, and members of minority groups faced discrimination in a variety of forms. In 2005, a United Nations report expressed concerns about racism in Japan and that government recognition of the depth of the problem was not total. In 2005, Japanese Minister Taro Aso called Japan a "one race" nation.
• International marriages now make up 13% of all marriages in South Korea. Between 1990 and 2005, there have been 159,942 Korean males and 80,813 Korean females married to foreigners.
• Admixture has been an ever present and pervading phenomenon in the Philippines. ... there is more approval if the Filipina marries out than a Filipino male.
• Such intermarriages were particularly common in the Emirate of Sicily, where one writer visiting the place in the 970s expressed shock at how common it was in rural areas. In the Republic of Venice in northern Italy, it was common for foreign Arab and Berber traders, known to Europeans as the "Moors", to take local Italian wives. In ancient history, the Iberian Peninsula was frequently invaded by foreigners who intermarried with the native population.
• It was common in the Ottoman Empire for Turkish males to intermarry with European females... Some of these European wives exerted great influence upon the empire as Valide Sultan ("Mother-Sultan"), some famous examples including Roxelana, a Slavic harem slave who later became Suleiman the Magnificent's favourite wife, and Aimée du Buc de Rivéry, wife of Abdul Hamid I and cousin of French Empress Josephine. Due to the common occurrence of such intermarriages in the Ottoman Empire, they have had a significant impact on the ethnic makeup of the modern Turkish population in Turkey, which now differs from that of the Turkic population in Central Asia.
• The degree of miscegenation is very high in the former Soviet Union. (copyright content removed) The number of unions between Slavic women and Caucasus men has skyrocketed, according to the Institute of General Genetics.
• In modern times, attitudes towards miscegenation in the former Soviet Union vary greatly, depending on the race and gender of each partner. For example, unions between white/Slavic males and Asian/Oriental or Turkic women are almost universally tolerated, and their children are generally identified and treated as members of the local ethnic majority.
  However, unions between Slavic women and visibly non-Slavic men may meet varying degrees of discrimination, from light to none for Asian men (depending also on origin, whether they are immigrants or were born in the Soviet Union, and where in the Soviet Union they were born), to some hostility for Turkic men (although much of this is due to the assumption of their faith as Muslim) and Jews, and quite high intolerance towards those who marry blacks or have children by them (young African-Russians in Moscow are often scornfully called 'Children of the Olympics', under the assumption that they were conceived by visiting tourists during the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games). The situation is also highly affected by self-identification, since many people of Asian or Turkic blood have assimilated to the point where they identify themselves as Russian/Ukrainian/etc. and are socially accepted as such.

Stańczyk by Jan Matejko
The jester is the only person at a royal ball who is troubled by the news that the Russians have captured Smolensk. This event happened in 1514.

• America has many fewer specific definitions of race (four racial definitions as opposed to the United Kingdom's 86).
• Race in Brazil - Multiracial Brazilians make up 42.6% of Brazil's population, 79.782 million people, and they live in all regions of Brazil. Multiracial Brazilians are mainly people of mixed European, African and Amerindian ancestry.
• In a poll conducted by Datanalisis, almost 70 percent of Venezuelans polled opposed the shut-down of RCTV, but most cited the loss of their favorite soap operas rather than concerns about limits on freedom of expression
• Jesters had political significance. Regarded as pets or mascots, they served not simply to amuse but to criticise their master or mistress and their guests. Queen Elizabeth (reigned 1558-1603) is said to have rebuked one of her fools for being insufficiently severe with her. Excessive behaviour, however, could lead to a fool being whipped, as Lear threatens to whip his fool. ... His characteristic idiom suggests he is a 'natural' fool, not an artificial one, though his perceptiveness and wit show that he is far from being an idiot, however 'touched' he might be.
• The position of the Joker playing card, as a wild card which has no fixed place in the hierarchy of King, Queen, Knave, etc. might be a remnant of the position of the court jester. This lack of any place in the hierarchy meant Kings could trust the counsel of the jesters, as they had no vested interest in any region, estate or church.
• Stańczyk has been always considered to have been much more than a mere court jester. He is remembered as a man of great intelligence and a political philosopher gifted with formidable insight into Poland's current and future situation. He used his job to criticize and warn his contemporaries by the use of satire.
• Traditionally, the role of the Jester or Fool was to speak Truth to Power. Only the Fool was actually allowed to criticize the King or warn him of his folly. If you look historically, you'll find that comedy (especially satire) tends to flourish in times of great hardship where traditional values have crumbled or become irrelevant. Look at the history of the Jews, the Irish or African-Americans and you'll see rich, profound comic traditions. It is often a necessary and humane response to ordeal.
• Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc., Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company, companies bounding obligations to their customers from false advertisement claims.
• In the eye of Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Hunters fly planes into hurricanes to measure them.
• Dyson tree.
• Haka (sports) maori war dance in rugby.
• Patric Lumumba elected communist leader of 1960 Congo.
• Neanderthals may have had an elaborate proto-linguistic system of communication that was more musical than modern human language, and that pre-dated the separation of language and music into two separate modes of cognition.
• Nikah Ijtimah (English: combined marriage) is a form of polyandry that existed in the Pre-Islamic period in the Arabian peninsula.

"there were four types of marriage during the ancient Arab period. One ... type of marriage was that a group of less than ten men would assemble and enter upon a woman, and all of them would have sexual relations with her. If she became pregnant and delivered a child and some days had passed after her delivery, she would send for all of them and none of them could refuse to come, and when they all gathered before her she would say to them "You (all) know what you have done and now I have given birth to a child. So it is your child O so and so! Naming whoever she liked and her child would follow him and he could not refuse to take him."

• In May 2006, tour-guide Paul Raffaele led an Australian 60 Minutes crew to report on the Korawai people.] After a few days' filming, the crew were allegedly approached by a man who claimed his 6-year old nephew Wa-Wa had been accused of being a Kakua (witch doctor), and was in danger of being cannibalised. The 60 Minutes crew declined to offer assistance. Paul Raffaele approached the rival Seven Network, who agreed to send a Today Tonight crew to remove Wa-Wa from the area. Before being able to gain access to them, the crew were deported by Indonesian authorities at the Papuan capital of Jayapura over visa issues.
• The distinctive high stilt architecture of the Korowai houses, well above flood-water levels, is a form of defensive fortification- to disrupt rival clans from capturing people (especially women and children) for slavery or cannibalism. The height and girth of the common ironwood stilts also serves to protect the house from arson attacks in which huts are set alight and the inhabitants smoked out.
• Satanic ritual abuse - Moral panic sweeps the USA in the 1980s. Satanic_ritual_abuse#Children.27s_allegations
• False allegation of child sexual abuse Of the allegations determined to be false, only a small portion originated with the child, the studies showed; most false allegations originated with an adult bringing the accusations on behalf of a child, and of those, a large majority occurred in the context of divorce and child-custody battles. In highly publicized cases, the general public has a strong tendency to summarily assume the accused is guilty, leading to very serious social stigma.
• Homeless scientist George R. Price. Committed suicide due to not being able to help the homeless.
• 1923_Great_Kantō_earthquake#Post-quake_massacre_against_ethnic_minorities
• Eternal September - Usenet.
• Pebble bed reactor for nuclear energy.
• Spiral dynamics, human development.
• Cetacean intelligence - The same experiment was repeated with humans, and it took the volunteers about the same length of time to figure out what was being asked of them. After an initial period of frustration or anger, the humans realised they were being rewarded for novel behavior. In dolphins this realisation produced excitement and more and more novel behaviors - in humans it mostly just produced relief.
• Tecno brega brazil remix music & Good copy bad copy.