United States at the 1920 Summer Olympics
| United States at the 1920 Summer Olympics | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| IOC code | USA |
| NOC | American Olympic Committee |
| in Antwerp | |
| Competitors | 288 (274 men and 14 women) in 18 sports |
| Flag bearer | Pat McDonald |
| Medals Ranked 1st |
|
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
| Other related appearances | |
| 1906 Intercalated Games | |
The United States competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 288 competitors, 274 men and 14 women, took part in 113 events in 18 sports.[1]
Medalists
[edit]Background: voyage to Antwerp
[edit]Beginning July 26, 1920, a majority of the U.S. Olympic contingent destined for the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, endured a troubled transatlantic journey aboard Princess Matoika. The voyage and the events on board, later called the "Mutiny of the Matoika", were still being discussed in the popular press years later. The Matoika was a last-minute substitute for another ship and, according to the athletes, did not have adequate accommodations or training facilities on board.[2] The conditions on the Princess Matoika were terrible, as the hold reeked of formaldehyde from the dead bodies of the recently deceased American World War I soldiers, and there was no place to train. Furthermore, the athletes were dissatisfied with the quality of food and huge numbers of rats present on the ship.[3] Near the end of the voyage, the athletes published a list of grievances and demands and distributed copies of the document to the United States Secretary of War, the American Olympic Committee members, and the press. Among these were the demands for better accommodations in Antwerp, cabin passage home, and railroad fare from New York to their home cities.[4] The incident received wide coverage in American newspapers at the time.[5]
Aquatics
[edit]Diving
[edit]Fourteen divers, seven men and seven women, represented the United States in 1920. It was the nation's fourth appearance in the sport; the United States was the only nation to have competed at each Olympic diving contest to that point. The Americans won their first gold medals in the sport since 1904, winning championships in three of the five diving events in 1920. The team swept both the men's and women's springboard events (though only Americans competed in the women's springboard), and added a gold and a bronze in the men's platform. Pinkston was the only diver from any nation in 1920 to win multiple medals.
- Men
Ranks given are within the semifinal group.
| Diver | Event | Semifinals | Final | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | Score | Rank | Points | Score | Rank | ||
| Louis Balbach | 3 m springboard | 8 | 630.80 | 2 Q | 15 | 649.50 | 
|
| 10 m platform | 17 | 409.15 | 3 Q | 28 | 424.00 | 6 | |
| Richard Beauchamp | Plain high dive | 23 | 135.0 | 6 | did not advance | ||
| Louis Kuehn | 3 m springboard | 7 | 628.15 | 1 Q | 10 | 675.40 | 
|
| Frank Mullen | Plain high dive | 27 | 144.0 | 6 | did not advance | ||
| Clarence Pinkston | 3 m springboard | 8 | 622.70 | 2 Q | 11 | 655.30 | 
|
| 10 m platform | 10 | 443.00 | 2 Q | 7 | 503.30 |
| |
| Harry Prieste | 10 m platform | 17 | 441.80 | 3 Q | 16 | 468.65 |
|
| Plain high dive | 18 | 149.5 | 4 | did not advance | |||
| Clyde Swendsen | 10 m platform | 26 | 414.80 | 6 | did not advance | ||
| Plain high dive | 25 | 148.0 | 5 | did not advance | |||
- Women
Ranks given are within the semifinal group.
| Diver | Event | Semifinals | Final | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | Score | Rank | Points | Score | Rank | ||
| Aileen Allen | 3 m springboard | N/A | 20 | 489.9 | 4 | ||
| Betty Grimes | 10 m platform | 13 | 156.0 | 2 Q | 30 | 133.5 | 6 |
| Alice Lord | 10 m platform | 35 | 118.5 | 7 | did not advance | ||
| Helen Meany | 10 m platform | 23 | 145.0 | 5 | did not advance | ||
| Thelma Payne | 3 m springboard | N/A | 12 | 534.1 |
| ||
| Aileen Riggin | 3 m springboard | N/A | 9 | 539.9 |
| ||
| 10 m platform | 15 | 155.5 | 2 Q | 20 | 157.0 | 5 | |
| Helen Wainwright | 3 m springboard | N/A | 9 | 534.8 |
| ||
Swimming
[edit]Twenty-two swimmers, sixteen men and six women, represented the United States in 1920. It was the nation's sixth appearance in the sport; the United States was the only nation to have competed in every Olympic swimming edition to that point. The Americans took eight of the ten gold medals, along with five silvers and three bronzes. This gave the team more than half of the available medals—16 out of 30; more than three times the next-best country. Eleven different Americans finished with at least one medal. Furthermore, the United States set five new world records and tied another.
On the men's side, Kahanamoku set a new Olympic record in the quarterfinals of the 100 free, then tied the world record twice in the semis and the final as the Americans swept the medals in that event. Ross took a pair of gold medals in the other two freestyle events. Kegeris briefly took the Olympic record in the 100 metre backstroke semifinals before Warren Kealoha broke the world record in the second semifinal; Kealoha took gold and Kegeris silver in the final. The relay team also set a world record in winning the gold medal.
On the women's side, Schroth, like Kegeris, briefly held an Olympic record in the 100 free before Bleibtrey broke the world record in a later semifinal. Bleibtrey bettered her own new record, leading the American women to a sweep of the medals in that event. Bleibtrey took her second world record and second gold medal in the 300 free, as the Americans swept that event as well. Her third gold medal and third world record came as part of the 4x100 free relay team along with Schroth, Guest, and Woodbridge.
Ranks given are within the heat.
- Men
| Swimmer | Event | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | ||
| Eugene Bolden | 1500 m free | 23:41.2 | 2 Q | 23:26.4 | 3 q | 24:04.3 | 5 |
| Bill Harris | 100 m free | 1:04.4 | 1 Q | 1:04.2 | 2 Q | 1:03.0 |
|
| 400 m free | 5:57.8 | 1 Q | 5:36.0 | 3 | did not advance | ||
| Jack Howell | 200 m breast | 3:09.8 | 1 Q | 3:10.8 | 1 Q | Unknown | 4 |
| 400 m breast | 6:57.0 | 1 Q | 6:51.4 | 3 q | 6:51.0 | 4 | |
| Duke Kahanamoku | 100 m free | 1:01.8 OR | 1 Q | 1:01.4 =WR | 1 Q | 1:01.4 =WR |
|
| Fred Kahele | 400 m free | 5:37.4 | 2 Q | 5:35.8 | 2 Q | Unknown | 4 |
| 1500 m free | 23:41.6 | 2 Q | 23:23.0 | 2 Q | 23:59.1 | 4 | |
| Pua Kealoha | 100 m free | 1:02.0 | 1 Q | 1:02.4 | 1 Q | 1:02.6 |
|
| Warren Kealoha | 100 m back | N/A | 1:14.8 WR | 1 Q | 1:15.2 |
| |
| Ray Kegeris | 100 m back | N/A | 1:17.8 OR | 1 Q | 1:16.8 |
| |
| Harold Kruger | 100 m back | N/A | 1:19.0 | 2 Q | Unknown | 5 | |
| Ludy Langer | 400 m free | 5:41.1 | 1 Q | 5:29.2 | 2 Q | 5:29.0 |
|
| 1500 m free | 24:28.8 | 1 Q | Unknown | 4 | did not advance | ||
| Mike McDermott | 200 m breast | 3:16.4 | 2 Q | Unknown | 4 | did not advance | |
| 400 m breast | 7:12.8 | 3 q | 7:13.2 | 3 | did not advance | ||
| Perry McGillivray | 100 m back | N/A | 1:20.4 | 3 q | 1:19.4 | 4 | |
| Charles Quinby | 400 m breast | Unknown | 4 | did not advance | |||
| Norman Ross | 100 m free | 1:04.2 | 1 Q | 1:04.8 | 1 Q | Disqualified | |
| 400 m free | 6:16.2 | 1 Q | 5:33.8 | 1 Q | 5:26.8 |
| |
| 1500 m free | 24:08.2 | 1 Q | 23:12.0 | 1 Q | 22:23.2 |
| |
| Stephen Ruddy | 200 m breast | Unknown | 4 | did not advance | |||
| 400 m breast | 7:13.0 | 3 | did not advance | ||||
| Herbert Taylor | 200 m breast | Unknown | 4 | did not advance | |||
| Duke Kahanamoku Pua Kealoha Perry McGillivray Norman Ross |
4 × 200 m free relay | N/A | 10:20.4 | 1 Q | 10:04.4 WR |
| |
- Women
| Swimmer | Event | Semifinals | Final | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Rank | Result | Rank | ||
| Ethelda Bleibtrey | 100 m free | 1:14.4 WR | 1 Q | 1:13.6 WR |
|
| 300 m free | 4:41.4 WR | 1 Q | 4:34.0 WR |
| |
| Charlotte Boyle | 100 m free | 1:20.4 | 2 Q | did not finish | |
| Irene Guest | 100 m free | 1:18.8 | 1 Q | 1:17.0 |
|
| Frances Schroth | 100 m free | 1:18.0 OR | 1 Q | 1:17.2 |
|
| 300 m free | 5:03.2 | 2 Q | 4:52.0 |
| |
| Eleanor Uhl | 300 m free | 5:02.0 | 1 Q | Unknown | 5 |
| Margaret Woodbridge | 300 m free | 4:56.6 | 1 Q | 4:42.8 |
|
| Ethelda Bleibtrey Irene Guest Frances Schroth Margaret Woodbridge |
4 × 100 m free relay | N/A | 5:11.6 WR |
| |
Water polo
[edit]The United States competed in the Olympic water polo tournament for the second time in 1920. The Bergvall System was in use at the time. The Americans shut out Greece in the quarterfinals, advancing to the semifinals. They were defeated there by a dominant Great Britain side, which went on to win the gold medal. This gave the United States an opportunity to play for the silver under the Bergvall System. In the silver medal semifinals, they shut out Spain, but were again stymied in a loss to Belgium in the silver medal match. With one last chance at a medal, the Americans again defeated Greece in the bronze medal semifinals. In the bronze medal match, however, the team was shut out by Sweden.
- Quarterfinals
United States 
|
7–0 |  Greece
|
Antwerp |
- Semifinals
Great Britain 
|
7–2 | United States
|
Antwerp |
- Silver medal semifinals
| United States
|
5–0 |  Spain
|
Antwerp |
- Silver medal match
| United States
|
2–7 |  Belgium
|
Antwerp |
- Bronze medal semifinals
| United States
|
7–0 | Greece
|
Antwerp |
- Bronze medal match
Sweden 
|
5–0 | United States
|
Antwerp |
- Final rank
- 4th
Athletics
[edit]90 athletes represented the United States in 1920. It was the sixth appearance of the nation in athletics, a sport in which the United States had competed at every Games. The American team, used to dominance of the sport, was seriously challenged for the first time. The nine gold medals won by the team tied the mark for fewest the nation had ever won, matching the 1896 total (when only 12 events, rather than 29, were contested). Finland matched the United States gold medal for gold medal, the first time any other nation had done so and the last time until the 1972 Games. The depth of the American team allowed the team to collect twelve silver and eight bronze medals as well (the United States's 29 total medals nearly doubled the 16 of Finland), allowing the team to remain on top of the athletics medals leader board yet again.
Ranks given are within the heat.
| Athlete | Event | Heats | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | ||
| Dan Ahearn | Triple jump | 13.75 | 6 Q | — | 14.08 | 6 | |||
| Milton Angier | Javelin throw | 57.58 | 9 Q | — | 59.275 | 7 | |||
| Harold Barron | 110 m hurdles | — | 15.2 | 1 Q | 15.0 =WR | 1 Q | 15.1 |
| |
| William Bartlett | Discus throw | 40.875 | 4 | — | 40.875 | 5 | |||
| Basil Bennett | Hammer throw | 48.25 | 2 Q | — | 48.25 |
| |||
| George Bihlman | Shot put | 13.575 | 7 | — | did not advance | ||||
| Max Bohland | Cross country | — | 16 | ||||||
| Everett Bradley | Pentathlon | — | 24 |
| |||||
| Horace Brown | 5000 m | — | 15:31.8 | 3 Q | did not finish | ||||
| Sol Butler | Long jump | 6.60 | 7 | — | did not advance | ||||
| Thomas Campbell | 800 m | — | 1:59.1 | 2 Q | 1:57.6 | 2 Q | did not finish | ||
| Howard Cann | Shot put | 13.52 | 8 | — | did not advance | ||||
| James Connolly | 1500 m | — | 4:10.0 | 3 Q | did not finish | ||||
| George Cornetta | 10000 m | — | 9 | did not advance | |||||
| Robert Crawford | Cross country | — | 40 | ||||||
| Edward Curtis | 1500 m | — | did not finish | did not advance | |||||
| Charles Daggs | 400 m hurdles | — | 56.7 | 2 Q | 55.8 | 3 Q | 55.7 | 6 | |
| August Desch | 400 m hurdles | — | 57.6 | 1 Q | 55.4 | 1 Q | 54.7 |
| |
| Michael Devaney | 3000 m steeplechase | — | 10:23.0 OR | 1 Q | 10:34.3 | 5 | |||
| Ivan Dresser | 5000 m | — | 15:41.6 | 3 Q | did not finish | ||||
| Robert Dunne | Pentathlon | — | did not finish | ||||||
| Earl Eby | 800 m | — | 1:56.8 | 3 Q | 1:57.0 | 2 Q | 1:53.6 |
| |
| Everett Ellis | Decathlon | — | did not finish | ||||||
| Robert Emery | 400 m | 52.6 | 1 Q | 50.7 | 3 Q | 50.2 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Frederick Faller | 10000 m | — | 33:02.4 | 4 Q | 32:38.0 | 8 | |||
| Cross country | — | 15 | |||||||
| Patrick Flynn | 3000 m steeplechase | — | 10:36.0 | 1 Q | 10:21.1 |
| |||
| Cross country | — | 28:12.0 | 9 | ||||||
| Frank Foss | Pole vault | 3.60 | 1 Q | — | 4.09 WR |
| |||
| Clifford Furnas | 5000 m | — | 15:23.0 | 4 Q | did not finish | ||||
| Kaufman Geist | Triple jump | 13.52 | 12 | — | did not advance | ||||
| Harry Goelitz | Decathlon | — | did not finish | ||||||
| Brutus Hamilton | Pentathlon | — | 27 | 6 | |||||
| Decathlon | — | 6771.085 |
| ||||||
| Albert Hulsebosch | 3000 m steeplechase | — | 10:26.8 | 3 Q | 10:37.7 | 6 | |||
| Charles Hunter | 5000 m | — | 5 | did not advance | |||||
| Clarence Jaquith | Triple jump | 13.04 | 15 | — | did not advance | ||||
| Eldon Jenne | Pole vault | 3.60 | 1 Q | — | 3.60 | 7 | |||
| Carl Johnson | Long jump | 6.82 | 3 Q | — | 7.095 |
| |||
| Richard Johnson | 10000 m | — | 8 | did not advance | |||||
| Morris Kirksey | 100 m | 11.0 | 1 Q | 10.8 | 1 Q | 11.0 | 3 Q | 10.9 |
|
| 200 m | 23.4 | 1 Q | 22.6 | 1 Q | 22.5 | 4 | did not advance | ||
| Edward Knourek | Pole vault | 3.60 | 1 Q | — | 3.60 | 4 | |||
| Sherman Landers | Triple jump | 14.00 | 4 Q | — | 14.17 | 5 | |||
| Richmond Landon | High jump | 1.80 | 1 Q | — | 1.936 |
| |||
| Robert LeGendre | Pentathlon | — | 26 | 4 | |||||
| James Lincoln | Javelin throw | 57.86 | 8 Q | — | 57.86 | 9 | |||
| Carl Linder | Marathon | — | 2:44:21.2 | 11 | |||||
| Harry Liversedge | Shot put | 13.755 | 4 Q | — | 14.15 |
| |||
| Frank Loomis | 400 m hurdles | — | 55.8 | 1 Q | 55.4 | 1 Q | 54.0 WR |
| |
| Jack Mahan | Javelin throw | 53.52 | 12 | — | did not advance | ||||
| Thomas Maroney | 3 km walk | — | 13:52.1 | 3 Q | 13:25.0 | 5 | |||
| 10 km walk | — | 51:54.6 | 3 Q | 50:24.4 | 6 | ||||
| Pat McDonald | Shot put | 14.08 | 2 Q | — | 14.08 | 4 | |||
| 56 lb weight throw | 11.00 | 1 Q | — | 11.265 OR |
| ||||
| James McEachern | Hammer throw | 44.70 | 8 | — | did not advance | ||||
| 56 lb weight throw | 8.84 | 10 | — | did not advance | |||||
| Matt McGrath | Hammer throw | 46.67 | 5 Q | — | 46.67 | 5 | |||
| Charles Mellor | Marathon | — | 2:45:30.0 | 12 | |||||
| John Merchant | Long jump | 6.50 | 11 | — | did not advance | ||||
| Ted Meredith | 400 m | 51.6 | 1 Q | 50.8 | 3 Q | 50.6 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Harold Muller | High jump | 1.80 | 1 Q | — | 1.90 |
| |||
| Loren Murchison | 100 m | 10.8 | 1 Q | 10.9 | 2 Q | 11.0 | 3 Q | 11.2 | 6 |
| 200 m | 23.2 | 1 Q | 22.8 | 1 Q | 22.4 | 1 Q | 22.2 | 4 | |
| John Murphy | High jump | 1.80 | 1 Q | — | 1.85 | 5 | |||
| Feg Murray | 110 m hurdles | — | 15.8 | 1 Q | 15.2 | 2 Q | 15.1 |
| |
| Edwin Myers | Pole vault | 3.60 | 1 Q | — | 3.60 |
| |||
| John Norton | 400 m hurdles | — | 57.6 | 1 Q | 56.2 | 3 Q | 54.6 |
| |
| Joseph Organ | Marathon | — | 2:41:30.0 | 7 | |||||
| Charlie Paddock | 100 m | 10.8 | 1 Q | 10.8 | 1 Q | 10.8 | 1 Q | 10.6 =OR |
|
| 200 m | 23.2 | 1 Q | 22.9 | 2 Q | 22.5 | 2 Q | 22.0 |
| |
| Amisoli Patisoni | 10000 m | — | did not finish | did not advance | |||||
| Cross country | — | did not finish | |||||||
| Joseph Pearman | 3 km walk | — | Disqualified | did not advance | |||||
| 10 km walk | — | 47:30.0 | 2 Q | 49:40.2 |
| ||||
| William Plant | 10 km walk | — | 52:18.3 | 4 Q | did not start | ||||
| Gus Pope | Discus throw | 42.13 | 3 Q | — | 42.13 |
| |||
| Joie Ray | 1500 m | — | 4:13.4 | 1 Q | 4:13.0 | 8 | |||
| Richard Remer | 3 km walk | — | 13:54.1 | 3 Q | 13:22.2 |
| |||
| Edward Roberts | 56 lb weight throw | 9.36 | 7 | — | did not advance | ||||
| Winfred Rolker | 3 km walk | — | 13:59.8 | 4 Q | 13:30.4 | 8 | |||
| 10 km walk | — | 7 | did not advance | ||||||
| Frank Roth | Marathon | — | did not finish | ||||||
| Patrick Ryan | Hammer throw | 52.875 | 1 Q | — | 52.875 |
| |||
| 56 lb weight throw | 10.925 | 2 Q | — | 10.965 |
| ||||
| George Schiller | 400 m | 50.4 | 1 Q | 51.1 | 2 Q | 5 | did not advance | ||
| Jackson Scholz | 100 m | 10.8 | 1 Q | 10.8 | 1 Q | 10.9 | 2 Q | 10.9 | 4 |
| Donald Scott | 800 m | — | 1:56.9 | 2 Q | 1:57.2 | 1 Q | 1:54.6 | 5 | |
| Frank Shea | 400 m | 50.8 | 1 Q | 51.0 | 1 Q | 50.0 | 1 Q | 50.4 | 4 |
| Lawrence Shields | 1500 m | — | 4:07.4 | 3 Q | 4:04.3 |
| |||
| Walker Smith | 110 m hurdles | — | 15.8 | 1 Q | 15.2 | 2 Q | 15.3 | 5 | |
| Albert Sprott | 800 m | — | 2:01.5 | 2 Q | 1:58.6 | 3 Q | 1:55.4 | 6 | |
| Dink Templeton | Long jump | 6.67 | 5 Q | — | 6.95 | 4 | |||
| Arthur Tuck | Javelin throw | 53.78 | 11 | — | did not advance | ||||
| Eugene Vidal | Decathlon | — | 6358.570 | 7 | |||||
| Lewis Watson | Cross country | — | Unknown | 34 | |||||
| Ray Watson | 3000 m steeplechase | — | 10:49.0 | 3 Q | 10:50.3 | 8 | |||
| Walter Whalen | High jump | 1.80 | 1 Q | — | 1.85 | 4 | |||
| Kenneth Wilson | Discus throw | 37.58 | 10 | — | did not advance | ||||
| Allen Woodring | 200 m | 22.8 | 1 Q | 22.1 | 2 Q | 22.4 | 1 Q | 22.0 |
|
| William Yount | 110 m hurdles | — | 15.6 | 1 Q | 5 | did not advance | |||
| Max Bohland Frederick Faller Patrick Flynn |
Team cross country | — | 36 | 4 | |||||
| George Bretnall Ted Meredith George Schiller Frank Shea |
4 × 400 m relay | — | 3:40.7 | 2 Q | 3:23.6 | 4 | |||
| Morris Kirksey Loren Murchison Charlie Paddock Jackson Scholz |
4 × 100 m relay | — | 43.0 | 1 Q | 42.2 WR |
| |||
| Horace Brown Michael Devaney Ivan Dresser Arlie Schardt Lawrence Shields |
3000 m team | — | 14 | 2 Q | 10 |
| |||
Boxing
[edit]16 boxers represented the United States at the 1920 Games. It was the nation's second appearance in boxing. The American team was one of two to send the maximum number of boxers, two in each weight class, along with Great Britain. The Americans' three gold medals was the best of any nation, but their four total medals was only the third most.
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Cycling
[edit]Nine cyclists represented the United States in 1920. It was the nation's fifth appearance in the sport. Taylor's semifinal qualification in the sprint was the best result on the cycling track for the Americans, with Kockler's 13th-place finish in the individual time trial the best American result in road cycling, leading the American road cyclists to a 7th place team total.
Road cycling
[edit]| Cyclist | Event | Final | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Rank | ||
| James Freeman | Time trial | 5:29:26.2 | 37 |
| Ernest Kockler | Time trial | 4:55:12.2 | 13 |
| August Nogara | Time trial | 5:20:08.0 | 30 |
| John Otto | Time trial | 5:47:50.2 | 42 |
| James Freeman Ernest Kockler August Nogara John Otto |
Team time trial | 21:32:36.6 | 7 |
Track cycling
[edit]Ranks given are within the heat.
| Cyclist | Event | Heats | Quarterfinals | Repechage semis | Repechage final | Semifinals | Final | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | ||
| William Beck | Sprint | Unknown | 3 | did not advance | |||||||||
| 50 km | N/A | did not finish | |||||||||||
| Christopher Dotterweich | Sprint | Unknown | 2 Q | Unknown | 2 R | Unknown | 2 | did not advance | |||||
| Frank Small | 50 km | N/A | did not finish | ||||||||||
| Fred Taylor | Sprint | 13.2 | 1 Q | 13.0 | 1 Q | Advanced directly | 15.2 | 2 | did not advance | ||||
| 50 km | N/A | did not finish | |||||||||||
| Anthony Young | Sprint | 13.2 | 1 Q | Unknown | 2 R | Disqualified | did not advance | ||||||
| 50 km | N/A | did not finish | |||||||||||
| William Beck Christopher Dotterweich Fred Taylor Anthony Young |
Team pursuit | N/A | Unknown | 2 | N/A | did not advance | |||||||
Equestrian
[edit]Eight equestrians represented the United States in 1920. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport, having been one of three countries (along with Belgium and France) to have appeared at every Olympic equestrian competition to that point. The Americans earned no medals in 1920, unable to add to the bronze won in 1912. The team's best individual result was Chamberlin's sixth place in the eventing; the eventing team took fourth place. In a somewhat unusual result, all three of the American dressage competitors earned exactly the same score.
| Equestrian | Horse | Event | Final | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Rank | |||
| Henry Allen | Don | Jumping | 7.00 | 7 |
| John Burke Barry | Chiswell | Dressage | 19.3125 | 14 |
| Raven | Eventing | 1350.00 | 16 | |
| Harry Chamberlin | Harebell | Dressage | 19.3125 | 14 |
| Nigra | Eventing | 1568.75 | 6 | |
| Sloan Doak | Singlen | Dressage | 19.3125 | 14 |
| Deceive | Eventing | did not finish | ||
| John Downer | Dick | Jumping | 8.50 | 12 |
| William West | Black Boy | Eventing | 1558.75 | 7 |
| Prince | Jumping | 12.00 | 18 | |
| John Burke Barry Harry Chamberlin Sloan Doak William West |
Raven Nigra Deceive Black Boy |
Team eventing | 4477.50 | 4 |
| Harry Chamberlin Sloan Doak Vincent Erwin Karl Greenwald |
Nigra Rabbit Red Joffre Moses |
Team jumping | 42.00 | 5 |
Fencing
[edit]
Nineteen fencers represented the United States in 1920. It was the nation's fourth appearance in the sport. The Americans won a single medal, the bronze in the team foil. It was the country's first fencing medal since hosting the Games in 1904. None of the individual fencers reached an event final, though both teams which had to compete in semifinals did advance.
Ranks given are within the group.
| Fencer | Event | First round | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | ||
| Millard Bloomer | Foil | N/A | 4–4 | 5 | did not advance | ||||
| Roscoe Bowman | Sabre | N/A | 3–5 | 7 | did not advance | ||||
| Henry Breckinridge | Épée | 6–2 | 1 Q | 5–3 | 5 Q | 3–8 | 10 | did not advance | |
| Foil | N/A | 2–4 | 4 | did not advance | |||||
| George Calnan | Foil | N/A | 1–4 | 5 | did not advance | ||||
| Frederick Cunningham | Sabre | N/A | 1–7 | 9 | did not advance | ||||
| John Dimond | Épée | 2–4 | 7 | did not advance | |||||
| Sabre | N/A | 1–6 | 8 | did not advance | |||||
| Raymond Dutcher | Épée | 3–6 | 7 | did not advance | |||||
| Edwin Fullinwider | Sabre | N/A | 2–5 | 6 | did not advance | ||||
| Francis Honeycutt | Foil | N/A | 2–2 | 3 Q | 0–5 | 6 | did not advance | ||
| Arthur Lyon | Sabre | N/A | 1–6 | 8 | did not advance | ||||
| Joseph Parker | Foil | N/A | 3–5 | 6 | did not advance | ||||
| Sabre | N/A | 4–3 | 4 Q | 1–5 | 6 | did not advance | |||
| William Russell | Épée | 3–4 | 5 Q | 6–5 | 3 Q | 2–9 | 10 | did not advance | |
| Leonard Schoonmaker | Épée | 0–8 | 9 | did not advance | |||||
| Foil | N/A | 0–5 | 6 | did not advance | |||||
| Claiborne Walker | Sabre | N/A | 2–4 | 6 | did not advance | ||||
| Henry Breckinridge Francis Honeycutt Arthur Lyon Harold Rayner Robert Sears |
Team foil | N/A | 1–0 | 2 Q | 2–2 |
| |||
| Henry Breckinridge Ray Dutcher Arthur Lyon Harold Rayner William Russell Robert Sears |
Team épée[6] | N/A | 2–3 | 3 Q | 0–5 | 6 | |||
| Roscoe Bowman Frederick Cunningham John Dimond Bradford Fraley Edwin Fullinwider Arthur Lyon Brooks Parker Claiborne Walker |
Team sabre[6] | N/A | 3–4 | 5 | |||||
Gymnastics
[edit]Four gymnasts represented the United States in 1920. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport, and first since hosting the Games in 1904.
Artistic gymnastics
[edit]| Gymnast | Event | Final | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Rank | ||
| Bjørne Jorgensen | All-around | 76.71 | 21 |
| Paul Krempel | All-around | 78.00 | 20 |
| Frank Kriz | All-around | 83.10 | 10 |
| John Mais | All-around | 74.10 | 23 |
Ice hockey
[edit]The United States competed in the inaugural Olympic ice hockey tournament. The team cruised through its quarterfinal, beating Switzerland 29–0. The Americans met Canada in a semifinal matchup; the two were clearly the best teams in the tournament. Canada came out the better, winning 2–0 to send the United States into the silver medal tournament. There, the Americans beat Sweden and Czechoslovakia by a combined score of 23–0 to emerge winners of the silver medal, using the Bergvall System.
- Roster
Coach: Cornelius Fellowes
| Pos | Player | GP | G | Birthdate | Age | Club[7] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | Raymond Bonney | 2 | 0 | April 5, 1892 | 28 | Pittsburgh AA |
| F | Anthony Conroy | 4 | 10 | October 19, 1895 | 24 | St. Paul AC |
| R | Herb Drury | 4 | 14 | March 2, 1896 | 24 | Pittsburgh AA |
| D | Ed Fitzgerald | 2 | 1 | August 3, 1890 | 29 | St. Paul AC |
| D | George Geran | 2 | 3 | August 3, 1896 | 23 | Boston AA |
| R | Frank Goheen | 4 | 7 | February 9, 1894 | 26 | St. Paul AC |
| F | Joe McCormick | 3 | 8 | February 9, 1894 | 26 | Pittsburgh AA |
| F | Larry McCormick | 1 | 7 | July 12, 1890 | 29 | Pittsburgh AA |
| R | Frank Synott | 2 | 1 | December 28, 1891 | 28 | Boston AA |
| D | Leon Tuck | 2 | 1 | May 25, 1891 | 28 | Boston AA |
| G | Cy Weidenborner | 2 | 0 | March 30, 1895 | 25 | St. Paul AC |
- Gold medal Quarterfinals
| April 24, 1920 17:00 | United States | 29 – 0 (15–0, 14–0) |  Switzerland | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
| Game reference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ray Bonney | Goalies | René Savoie | Referee: Raoul Le Mat | ||
| |||||
| 7 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
- Gold medal semifinals
| April 25, 1920 21:00 | Canada  | 2 – 0 (0–0, 2–0) | United States | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
| Game reference | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walter Byron | Goalies | Ray Bonney | Referee: Alfred de Rauch | |||||
| ||||||||
| 7 min | Penalties | 5 min | ||||||
- Silver medal semifinals
| April 27, 1920 22:00 | United States | 7 – 0 (5–0, 2–0) | Sweden | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
| Game reference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cy Weidenborner | Goalies | Seth Howander | |||
| |||||
| 0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
- Silver medal match
| April 28, 1920 22:00 | United States | 16 – 0 (7–0, 9–0) |  Czechoslovakia | Palais de Glace d'Anvers |
| Game reference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cy Weidenborner | Goalies | Jan Peka | Referee: Paul Loicq | ||
| |||||
| 0 min | Penalties | 0 min | |||
- Final rank
- Silver
Modern pentathlon
[edit]Two pentathletes represented the United States in 1920. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport, having competed at both instances of the Olympic modern pentathlon.
A point-for-place system was used, with the lowest total score winning.
| Pentathlete | Final | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riding | Fencing | Shooting | Swimming | Running | Total | Rank | |
| Harold Rayner | 5 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 4 | 48 | 6 |
| Robert Sears | 3 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 20 | 51 | 8 |
Polo
[edit]The United States competed in the Olympic polo tournament for the second time. The team took the bronze medal, losing to Spain in the semifinals but defeating Belgium in the bronze medal match.
- Semifinals
 Spain (ESP) | 13–3 |  United States (USA) |
|---|---|---|
- Final
| United States (USA) | 11–3 |  Belgium (BEL) |
|---|---|---|
- Final rank
- Bronze
Rowing
[edit]Fifteen rowers represented the United States in 1920. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport. Three of the four boats took gold medals, with the fourth having to settle for silver after a 4-second loss to Switzerland in the coxed fours final.
Ranks given are within the heat.
| Rower | Cox | Event | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | |||
| John B. Kelly Sr. | N/A | Single sculls | 7:44.2 | 1 Q | 7:46.2 | 1 Q | 7:35.0 |
|
| Paul Costello Jack Kelly |
N/A | Double sculls | N/A | 7:16.8 | 1 Q | 7:09.0 |
| |
| Erich Federschmidt Franz Federschmidt Carl Klose Ken Myers |
Sherm Clark | Coxed four | N/A | 7:17.4 | 1 Q | 6:58.0 |
| |
| Vince Gallagher Edwin Graves Virgil Jacomini Donald Johnston William Jordan Clyde King Edward Moore Alden Sanborn |
Sherm Clark | Eight | 6:24.0 | 1 Q | 6:24.0 | 1 Q | 6:05.0 |
|
Rugby union
[edit]The United States competed in the Olympic rugby tournament for the first time. They faced France in the only match of the tournament, as the two countries were the only ones to compete. The Americans won the match to take the gold medal.
- Final
- Final rank
- Gold
Skating
[edit]Figure skating
[edit]Two figure skaters represented the United States in 1920. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport; Sweden was one of three countries to compete in both Summer Olympics figure skating competitions. Weld took the bronze medal in the ladies' singles, with Niles finishing sixth in the men's. The two took fourth place in the pairs competition.
| Skater | Event | Final | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Rank | ||
| Nathaniel Niles | Men's singles | 49.0 | 6 |
| Theresa Weld | Ladies' singles | 15.5 |
|
| Nathaniel Niles Theresa Weld |
Pairs | 28.5 | 4 |
Shooting
[edit]Twenty-nine shooters represented the United States in 1920. It was the nation's fourth appearance in the sport. The country took 13 of 21 gold medals, won at least one medal in 18 of the 21 events, and finished with 23 medals—more than twice Norway's 11, which was second-best. The American teams took gold medals in 8 of the 11 team events, with a silver, a bronze, and a fourth-place finish rounding out its team results. In individual competitions, the United States won five golds, three silvers, and five bronzes. Twelve men won individual medals (Nuesslein was the only American shooter to win multiple individual medals), and ten more received medals as parts of teams.
They swept the individual small-bore rifle medals, as well as taking the gold medal in the team event. They repeated this performance in the trap and team clay pigeons events.
The American shooters won both the individual and team golds in the free rifle.
The team took both team pistol golds, as well as one of two individual pistol golds.
The military rifle events gave the United States more trouble; the team won no medal in the individual 300 metre prone event, and took only silver in the team 300 metre standing competition.
The running deer was by far the worst category for the Americans; of the four events, the United States took only a single bronze medal in the team single shots event.
Tug of war
[edit]The United States competed in the Olympic tug of war tournament for the third time in 1920, the final appearance of the sport in the Olympics. The Americans joined the British in tying Sweden's mark for most appearances in the short life of tug of war at the Olympics at three of five.
The Bergvall System was used in 1920. The Americans lost in the quarterfinals to eventual gold-medallist Great Britain, thus putting the United States in contention for the silver medal. In the silver medal semifinals, they were defeated by Belgium. They won their first match of the tournament in the bronze medal semifinals, defeating Italy, before again losing to Belgium in the bronze medal match. The United States finished in fourth place of the five teams.
All matches were best-of-three pulls.
- Quarterfinals
 Great Britain (GBR) | 2–0 | United States (USA) |
|---|---|---|
- Silver medal semifinals
| Belgium (BEL) | 2–0 | United States (USA) |
|---|---|---|
- Bronze medal semifinals
| United States (USA) | 2–0 |  Italy (ITA) |
|---|---|---|
- Bronze medal match
| United States (USA) | 0–2 | Belgium (BEL) |
|---|---|---|
- Final rank
- 4th
Wrestling
[edit]Eighteen wrestlers competed for the United States in 1920, tying Finland for most wrestlers that year. It was the nation's fourth appearance in the sport, matching Great Britain for most to that point. The American wrestlers took six medals, including one gold medal, and finished third on the medals leaderboard, behind Finland with five golds and Sweden with three golds. Ackerly was the American gold medalist, finishing 1–2 with Gerson in the freestyle featherweight. Metropoulos and Pendleton competed in both freestyle and Greco-Roman events, as the United States entered two wrestlers in each weight class. Most of the American success came in the freestyle competitions, with all six medals coming in that discipline.
Freestyle
[edit]
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greco-Roman
[edit]| Wrestler | Event | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Finals | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silver quarters | Silver semis | Silver match | |||||
| Bronze quarters | Bronze semis | Bronze match | |||||
| Adrian Brian | Featherweight |  Dialetis (GRE) (W)
|
 Kähkönen (FIN) (L)
|
did not advance | 7 | ||
| N/A | did not advance | ||||||
 Torgensen (DEN) (L)
|
did not advance | ||||||
| Daniel V. Gallery | Featherweight |  van Maaren (NED) (W)
|
Friman (FIN) (L)
|
did not advance | 8 | ||
| N/A | Boumans (BEL) (L)
|
Did not advance | |||||
| did not advance | |||||||
| Frank Maichle | Light heavyweight | Bye |  Ohlsson (SWE) (W)
|
Tetens (DEN) (L)
|
did not advance | 7 | |
| N/A | did not advance | ||||||
| N/A | |||||||
| George Metropoulos | Lightweight | Bye | Vouyoukos (GRE) (W)
|
Frisenfeldt (DEN) (L)
|
did not advance | 10 | |
| did not advance | |||||||
| did not advance | |||||||
| Nat Pendleton | Light heavyweight | Bye | Eriksen (DEN) (L)
|
did not advance | 10 | ||
| N/A | did not advance | ||||||
| N/A | |||||||
| Oral Swigart | Lightweight | Ranghieri (ITA) (W)
|
Janssens (BEL) (L)
|
did not advance | 12 | ||
| did not advance | |||||||
| did not advance | |||||||
| Henry Szymanski | Middleweight | Bye |  Huml (TCH) (W)
|
 Stensrud (NOR) (W)
|
Lindfors (FIN) (L)
|
Did not advance | 7 |
| did not advance | |||||||
| Johnsen (NOR) (L)
|
did not advance | ||||||
| Alexander Weyand | Heavyweight | Bye | Hansen (DEN) (L)
|
did not advance | 5 | ||
| did not advance | |||||||
| Bye |  Dame (FRA) (W)
|
Nieminen (FIN) (L)
| |||||
| Edward Willkie | Heavyweight | Struna (TCH) (W)
|
Lindfors (FIN) (L)
|
did not advance | 5 | ||
| Bye | Ahlgren (SWE) (W)
|
Hansen (DEN) (L)
| |||||
| Gasiglia (FRA) (W)
|
Nieminen (FIN) (L)
|
Did not advance | |||||
| Paul Zanoline | Middleweight | Bye | Vanderleenden (BEL) (L)
|
did not advance | 13 | ||
| did not advance | |||||||
| did not advance | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Art competitions
[edit]See also
[edit]- Mutiny of the Matoika, an account of travel by the U.S. Olympic team to the 1920 Summer Olympics
References
[edit]- ^ "United States at the 1920 Antwerp Summer Games". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
- ^ Findling and Pelle, p. 56.
- ^ Josh Barr. "100 years later, looking back at Team USA's success at Antwerp 1920". United States Olympic & Paralympic Museum. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
- ^ "Officials blamed by U.S. athletes" (PDF). The New York Times. August 8, 1920. p. 23.
- ^ "Colleges to fight A.A.U., says Fuessle" (PDF). The New York Times. April 17, 1922. p. 19.
- ^ a b "United States Fencing at the 1920 Antwerpen Summer Games". Sports-Reference. Archived from the original on April 17, 2020. Composition for teams.
- ^ Report of the American Olympic Committee. Greenwich, CT: Condé Nast Press. 1920. p. 361.
External links
[edit]- Belgium Olympic Committee (1957). Olympic Games Antwerp 1920: Official Report (PDF) (in French).
- Wudarski, Pawel (1999). "Wyniki Igrzysk Olimpijskich" (in Polish). Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
- International Olympic Committee results database
