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Super Tuesday, 2008

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Twenty-four states held caucuses or primary elections on Super Tuesday, 2008. Blue denotes Democratic-only contests (3), red denotes Republican-only contests (2), and purple represents contests for both parties (19). Note: American Samoa (not shown) is Democratic only.

Super Tuesday 2008,[1] Super Duper Tuesday,[2][3][4][5] Mega Tuesday,[6] Giga Tuesday,[7] Tsunami Tuesday,[8] and The Tuesday of Destiny[9] are names for February 5, 2008, the day on which the largest simultaneous number of state U.S. presidential primary elections in the history of U.S. primaries were held.[10] Twenty-four states and American Samoa held either caucuses or primary elections for one or both parties on this date.[11] Furthermore, the week-long Democrats Abroad Global Primary began on this day.

The large number of states that held elections on February 5 could have shortened the period between the first caucus in Iowa, on January 3, 2008, and the de facto selection of a party's nominee to just a few weeks.[2] Super Tuesday 2008 saw 52% of the Democratic and 41% of the Republican delegates awarded by early February 2008. By comparison, only about 1% of nominating convention delegates had been selected by that point in the 2000 election cycle.[12][13] It was held approximately one month before Super Tuesday II.

Names and prior election cycles

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The name "Super Duper Tuesday" is a reference to earlier Super Tuesdays, the dates on which the largest number of presidential primaries took place. The term "Super Duper Tuesday" has been repeatedly re-coined to refer to even more states holding their primaries on this date, with the first recorded usage so far found dating back to 1985.[14] In 2004, Super Tuesday fell on March 2.[2] In 2004, the equivalent cohort of primaries, on February 3, 2004, was called "Mini-Tuesday"—only seven states held their primaries on that date.

On June 3, 2007, the name "Tsunami Tuesday"—conveying the potential of the large number of simultaneous primaries to completely change the political landscape—was mentioned on Meet the Press during a round-table discussion with presidential campaign strategists James Carville, Bob Shrum, Mary Matalin, and Mike Murphy.

Super Tuesday in 2008 occurred during Mardi Gras and on the day of the New York Giants Super Bowl victory parade. Voting was hampered in several states by a major tornado outbreak that killed 57 people, and competed with the primaries for the news. (Due to such influence, the outbreak was named after the primaries.)[15]

Scheduling

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Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton campaigning at Augsburg College in Minneapolis, Minnesota, two days before the twenty-two state vote

As of February 2007, eight states planned to hold primary or caucus elections on Super Tuesday, February 5, 2008: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Missouri, New Mexico Democrats, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Utah, and West Virginia Republicans‡.[2][3] However to increase their importance in the candidate selection process, several states moved up their contests, which some pundits criticized as being "pure self-interest."[10]

The following states changed their elections to February 5: Alaska,[16] Arizona,[17][18] California,[3] Colorado,[17] Connecticut,[19] Georgia,[16] Idaho Democrats,[20] Illinois,[4] Kansas Democrats†,[21] Massachusetts,[22][23] Minnesota,[5] Montana Republicans§,[24] New Jersey,[25] New York,[26] and Tennessee.[27]

In an attempt to keep states from moving their primary or caucus elections even earlier, the Democratic National Committee and Republican National Committee established penalties for states holding elections earlier than February 5, 2008.[12] As a result, the Democratic National Committee controversially stripped the states of Michigan and Florida of all pledged convention delegates.[28] The Republican National Committee reduced by half the number of convention delegates from five states: Wyoming, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Florida, and Michigan.[29]

Response

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Advocates for earlier elections point out that voters could have fewer candidates to select from with a later contest, because candidates who do not fare well in the early primaries and caucuses often drop out. Additionally, presidential campaigns spend large sums of money on advertising, hotel rooms, and campaign staff, which can be an economic boon to states holding earlier elections.[17]

Critics of the earlier polling date claim it will compress the primary campaign cycle down to a three-week national campaign where only financially well-off candidates can compete. CNN political pundit Bill Schneider states:

Those states may move up on the calendar because they want a cut of the action. They want less attention paid to small states like Iowa and New Hampshire and more attention paid to big, diverse states like Florida and California. To run in those big states, you need big money and national name recognition. Obscure contenders need not apply.[2]

Others indicate it will ultimately leave voters out of the process. In a BBC News interview, William F. Galvin, the Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth said:

The people who are being left out of this are the voters, especially those who aren't active in party affairs ... There won't be enough time for voters to focus on these candidates.[10]

Regardless of the number of states moving their election dates earlier and earlier, New Hampshire vigorously maintained its 'first in the nation' primary status. By New Hampshire state law, the secretary of state has sole discretion to set the date of the primary. Bill Gardner, the Secretary of State of New Hampshire for the past 31 years, did not rule out any dates for the primary election, and even intimated that "it could be this year 2007."[10] Ultimately, however, the New Hampshire primary was held on January 8, 2008.

Delegate allocation

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Democratic

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Main article: Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008

Under Democratic Party rules, all delegates were awarded via proportional representation, with a minimum 15% threshold required to receive delegates. A total of 1,664 delegates were pledged by the results of the February 5 votes.

Republican

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Main article: Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008

The Republican Party did not mandate a proportional representation system for delegate selection, but instead allowed each state to determine its selection process. A total of 1,069 delegates were pledged by the results of the February 5 votes.

Results

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Main articles: Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries and Results of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries
State Democratic Winner % of Popular Vote # Delegates Won [30] Republican Winner % of Popular Vote # Delegates Won Show/Place Notes
Alabama Barack Obama 56% 27 Mike Huckabee 41% 20
Alaska (C) Barack Obama 75% 9 Mitt Romney 45% 12
American Samoa¤ (C) Hillary Clinton 57% 2
Arizona Hillary Clinton 51% 31 John McCain 48% 50 (WTA for GOP.)
Arkansas Hillary Clinton 73% 27 Mike Huckabee 62% 32
California Hillary Clinton 52% 204 John McCain 44% 149
Colorado (C) Barack Obama 67% 33 Mitt Romney 57% 43
Connecticut Barack Obama 51% 26 John McCain 52% 27 (WTA for GOP.)
Delaware Barack Obama 53% 9 John McCain 45% 18 (WTA for GOP.)
Georgia Barack Obama 67% 59 Mike Huckabee 34% 69 (WTA for GOP.)
Idaho (C) Barack Obama 79% 15
Illinois Barack Obama 65% 104 John McCain 47% 55
Kansas† (C) Barack Obama 74% 23
Massachusetts Hillary Clinton 56% 55 Mitt Romney 51% 22
Minnesota (C) Barack Obama 66% 48 Mitt Romney 42% 38
Missouri Barack Obama 49% 36 John McCain 33% 58 (WTA for GOP.)
Montana§ (C) Mitt Romney 38% 25
New Jersey Hillary Clinton 54% 59 John McCain 55% 52 (WTA for GOP.)
New Mexico (C) Hillary Clinton 49% 14
New York Hillary Clinton 57% 139 John McCain 51% 101 (WTA for GOP.)
North Dakota (C) Barack Obama 61% 8 Mitt Romney 36% 8
Oklahoma Hillary Clinton 55% 24 John McCain 37% 32
Tennessee Hillary Clinton 54% 40 Mike Huckabee 34% 21
Utah Barack Obama 57% 14 Mitt Romney 88% 36 (WTA for GOP.)
West Virginia‡ Mike Huckabee 52% 18 (WTA for GOP.)

Democrats

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Number of contests won Number of delegates won[31]
Barack Obama 13 847
Hillary Clinton 10 834
Popular vote Percentage of popular vote[31]
Hillary Clinton 8,081,748 46%
Barack Obama 7,987,274 45%

Republicans

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Number of states won
John McCain 9
Mitt Romney 7
Mike Huckabee 5
Ron Paul 0
Popular Vote
John McCain 3,992,066
Mitt Romney 3,267,634
Mike Huckabee 1,902,820
Ron Paul 434,093

See also

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Notes

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  • The New Mexico Democratic Caucus came down to provisional ballots. The counting process took 9 days to complete.
  • † The Kansas state legislature voted to neither fund nor hold a primary in 2008.[21]
  • ‡ West Virginia Republicans will select 18 of their 30 delegates on February 5, with the final 12 chosen on May 13.[21]
  • § Montana Republicans chose to select delegates using a "closed caucus" comprising approximately 3,000 Republican elected officials and state party officials, such as precinct captains.[24]
  • ¤ American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States with three delegates to the Democratic National Convention, but no vote in the presidential election.
  • (C) denotes states and territories holding caucuses.
  • (WTA) means Winner Takes All, and applies solely to Republican contests.

Popular Vote Percentages reflect the percentage within each party, not state overall total votes cast.

References

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  1. ^ "Obama claims delegate lead". Politico.
  2. ^ a b c d e Schneider, Bill (2007-02-07). "It could all be over after 'Super Duper Tuesday'". CNN. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
  3. ^ a b c Robert Yoon; Bill Schneider (2007-03-15). "California primary move creates Super-duper Tuesday". CNN. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
  4. ^ a b Rick, Pearson (2007-06-21). "Illinois joins crush on Super Duper Tuesday". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
  5. ^ a b von Sternberg, Bob (2007-07-11). "GOP moves its caucuses to Super Tuesday 2008 to gain national clout". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Archived from the original on 2007-09-01. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  6. ^ "Mega Tuesday". Archived from the original on 2008-02-13.
  7. ^ "News Producers Gird Their Loins For 'Giga Tuesday'". The New York Observer. 23 January 2008.
  8. ^ Chuck Todd (2007-05-10). "Will Tsunami Tuesday b an Afterthought?". NBC News. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
  9. ^ GOAD, BEN (January 10, 2008). "Earlier primary gives Californians a voice". Press-Enterprise. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
  10. ^ a b c d Greene, Richard Allen (2007-05-30). "States jostle for primary power". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
  11. ^ "Presidential primary and caucus dates" (PDF). Stateline.org. Pew Research Center. 2007-08-30. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-11. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
  12. ^ a b Mooney, Brian C. (2007-08-21). "Michigan set to send slate of primaries into revision". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
  13. ^ Balz, Dan (2008-01-15). "Feb. 5 Primaries to Pose A Super Test of Strategy". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
  14. ^ Barrett, Grant (2007-03-29). "Double-Tongued Dictionary entry for Super-Duper Tuesday". Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  15. ^ Saeed Ahmed; Mark Bixler; Ed Payne; Mark Preston (February 6, 2008). "Severe weather kills 23 in Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee". CNN. Retrieved 2008-11-23.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ a b Kapochunas, Rachel (2007-05-30). "Georgia, Alaska Join February 5 Front-Loading Frenzy". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
  17. ^ a b c "Earlier primary boosts Arizona in several ways". Arizona Daily Star. Tucson, Arizona. 2007-08-23. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
  18. ^ Wilson, Reid (2007-08-30). "A Calendar In Chaos". RealClearPolitics. Fox News Channel. Retrieved 2008-01-12. The event, dubbed "Super Duper Tuesday," got more crowded this week when Arizona became the twenty-first state to announce plans to hold their primary that day.
  19. ^ "Our view: Candidates deserve our attention now". Norwich Bulletin. Norwich, Connecticut. 2007-08-18. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
  20. ^ "Democrats re-elect chairman Stallings, change caucus date" (Press release). Idaho Democratic Party. 2007-03-05. Archived from the original on August 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-06. the state central committee selected February 5, 2008, as the party's new presidential caucus date
  21. ^ a b c "State-by-state primary and caucus schedule". Campaign 2008. The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
  22. ^ Maguire, Ken (2007-11-20). "Presidential Primary Appears Moving To February". The Boston Globe. Vol. 122, no. 155. Boston, Massachusetts. Retrieved 2007-08-31. [permanent dead link‍]
  23. ^ Wangsness, Lisa (21 November 2007). "Legislature joins 21 states, moves primary to Feb. 5 ; Wraps up session derided by some as unremarkable". The Boston Globe. Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. p. B3. ISSN 0743-1791. Dow Jones Factiva BSTNGB0020071121e3bl0007d, ProQuest 405113757.
  24. ^ a b Johnson, Charles (2007-12-27). "GOP Officials Outline How New Caucus Will Work". Missoulian. Missoula, Montana. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
  25. ^ Smothers, Ronald (27 February 2007). "New Jersey Moves to Join Early Presidential Primaries". The New York Times (published 2007-02-27). Retrieved 2007-06-03.
  26. ^ "New York legislature votes to move up primary". Political Ticker. CNN. 2007-03-21. Archived from the original on 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
  27. ^ Dries, Bill (2007-08-17). "Repubs and Dems Fix On February 5 as State Primary Date". The Daily News. Vol. 122, no. 155. Memphis, Tennessee. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
  28. ^ Martelle, Scott (2008-01-15). "Rancor runs deep among Michigan Democrats". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
  29. ^ Gruver, Mead (2008-01-13). "Republicans stripped of delegates want them back". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
  30. ^ "Super Tuesday". Archived from the original on 7 February 2008.
  31. ^ a b "Election Center 2008: Primary Results by date - Elections & Politics news from CNN.com". CNN.
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