Jump to content

Stiphodon atropurpureus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Stiphodon atropurpureus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Gobiiformes
Family: Oxudercidae
Genus: Stiphodon
Species:
S. atropurpureus
Binomial name
Stiphodon atropurpureus
Herre, 1927

Stiphodon atropurpureus, commonly referred to as the Philippine neon goby[2] or blue neon dwarf goby,[3][4] is a species of goby native to parts of Asia, including the Philippines, China, Japan, Vietnam and Indonesia.[5][6]

Description

[edit]

S. atropurpureus has a fusiform (tapered at both the head and the tail) shaped body [7] and measures between 20 to 50 millimeters.[5] The dorsal fins have seven spines and nine soft dorsal rays; the anal fin is supported by one spine and has ten soft rays.[7][more detail needed] The visual characteristics are similar to other Stiphodon species with which it shares habitat, making identification difficult without a detailed anatomical study or genetic testing.[7][8][9]

Males display a spectrum of metallic luster that ranges from bright greens to deep blues and rich purples. This iridescence is most noticeable when the fish are engaged in behaviors such as mating displays or defending their territory. The male's first dorsal fin lacks elongation and a fibrous texture, but features a distinctive narrow red border, enhancing its visual appeal to other fish and playing a critical role during social interactions.[10][11]

Females are lighter in coloration compared to the males, exhibiting sexual dimorphism. Typically, their bodies are white or display light pastel hues, and are marked by two clear transverse lines that run across their bodies.[7][9] These lines provide them with a protective advantage by reducing their visibility to predators.[8]

The developmental journey from juvenile to adulthood is marked by significant changes, particularly in coloration. Juveniles start with much more muted tones, which gradually develop into the vibrant colors seen in adults.[citation needed] This progression is especially pronounced in males, as the intense coloration gained in adulthood plays a vital role in their social interactions and reproductive success.[12]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

S. atropurpureus is found in a variety of locations across Asia, including the Philippines, China, Japan, Vietnam and Indonesia.[13][9][14][15][8] These gobies prefer the clear, oxygen-rich waters of fast-flowing streams, which provide not only the necessary environmental conditions for their survival, but also the substrates essential for their feeding habits.[7] Despite the broad geographic range, the specific details of their population dynamics are not well-documented. The challenges posed by their small size and elusive nature make comprehensive population studies difficult.[8] Research efforts are generally localized, focusing on small-scale stream surveys, which do not provide a complete picture of their overall distribution.

S. atropurpureus coexists with other species within the Stiphodon genus, which share similar habitats and ecological niches.

Reproductive behavior and life cycle

[edit]

S. atropurpureus undergoes a complex life cycle that is amphidromous (including migration from fresh water to the sea, or vice versa, but not for the purpose of breeding). Adults breed in freshwater environments, where they lay their eggs. After hatching, the larvae drift downstream to the marine environment, living planktonically.[7][15] This marine phase is crucial as it allows the larvae to grow away from the competitive and predatory pressures of the freshwater environment. As they reach the post-larval stage, they begin their journey back to freshwater streams. This migration is significantly aided by their specialized adaptation of fused pelvic fins. These fins form a suction disc that enables the young gobies to cling to rocks and other surfaces, helping them to swim against the current and navigate back to their natal streams.[15][8] This life cycle is essential for maintaining the genetic diversity and resilience of their populations.

Feeding

[edit]

S. atropurpureus primarily feeds on algae and biofilms,[7] which they scrape from rocks using their specialized mouthparts.[16] This diet is rich in nutrients and provides the necessary energy to support their active lifestyle and reproductive activities.[9] The availability of these food sources is impacted by the water quality and flow rate of their habitats, underscoring the importance of environmental conservation in maintaining healthy populations.

Conservation

[edit]

While the growing popularity of S. atropurpureus in the aquarium trade has raised awareness of the species, it has also led to increased harvesting from the wild (since there is currently no dedicated aquaculture for breeding S. atropurpureus, all individuals in the aquarium trade are collected from the wild.) This practice puts more pressure on natural populations, which are already stressed by habitat loss and fragmentation, and can therefore deplete local populations and disrupt the delicate ecological balance of their native streams.

Furthermore, because these fish are small, elusive, and challenging to observe in their natural habitats, research on their abundance and distribution remains limited, complicating efforts to monitor the impact of such trade.

Moreover, the species' requirement for high water quality[7] and the requirement for migration to breed makes it particularly vulnerable to human impacts such as dam construction, water pollution, and climate change[15][17]. This species' high sensitivity to water quality and its inability to breed in polluted waters means that local populations could rapidly decline if the streams they inhabit are contaminated.[7] Additionally, since their ability to migrate freely between freshwater and marine environments can be hindered by obstacles like dams and water diversions[17][18], which disrupt natural water flow and degrade stream environments, they significantly affect the survival and reproductive success of this species. Habitat threats like water pollution, construction projects, and climate change can also all alter the water clarity, temperature, and flow rate necessary for their migration and survival.

Therefore, to ensure the sustainability of populations in the wild, targeted conservation efforts such as water quality management and habitat restoration are crucial.

S. atropurpureus is categorized as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN.[17][19]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jaafar, Z. (2019). "Stiphodon atropurpureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T91083121A91083139. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T91083121A91083139.en. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  2. ^ Fellowes (2002). "WILD ANIMALS TO WATCH: TERRESTRIAL AND FRESHWATER FAUNA OF CONSERVATION CONCERN IN HONG KONG". Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society – via ResearchGate.
  3. ^ "Stiphodon atropurpureus – Blue Neon Goby (Microsicydium atropurpureum, Microsicydium formosum) — Seriously Fish". Retrieved 2024-11-18.
  4. ^ "Stiphodon atropurpureus Blue Neon Goby, Sumatran cling goby, Electric Blue Neon Dwarf Goby, Cobalt goby". www.reeflex.net. Retrieved 2024-12-03.
  5. ^ a b Donaldson, James; Maeda, Ken; Iida, Midori; Kobayashi, Hirozumi; Ebner, Brendan C.; Tran, Hau Duc (2023). "New distributional records of four amphidromous gobies (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) in continental Vietnam". Cybium. doi:10.26028/CYBIUM/2023-019.
  6. ^ Mulya Al-Kabir, M. Arung (June 2023). "First Report of Stiphodon atropurpureus (Herre, 1927) in Marente Village, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara" – via ResearchGate. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mulya, Arung; Citra, Sania; Andini, Ari Okta; Abdur rahman, Rasali; Ariga, Win; Cahyani, Sagita; Islam, Izzul; Hasan, Veryl (2023-05-27). "Fist Report of Stiphodon atropurpureus (Herre, 1927) in Marente Village, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara". Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health. 12 (2): 191–197. doi:10.20473/jafh.v12i2.37049. ISSN 2528-0864.
  8. ^ a b c d e Nip, Tony H.M. (2010-10-26). "First records of several sicydiine gobies (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) from mainland China". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 2 (11): 1237–1244. doi:10.11609/JoTT.o2439.1237-44.
  9. ^ a b c d MAEDA, KEN; Yoshino, Tetsuo; Tachihara, Katsunori (December 2011). "A redescription of Stiphodon pulchellus (Herre, 1927) (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae)". Cybium: International Journal of Ichthyology. 35 (4): 319–328.
  10. ^ MAEDA, KEN; PALLA, HERMINIE P. (2015-09-16). "A new species of the genus Stiphodon from Palawan, Philippines (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae)". Zootaxa. 4018 (3): 381–395. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4018.3.3. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 26624046.
  11. ^ MAEDA, KEN; Yoshino, Tetsuo; Tachihara, Katsunori (December 2011). "A redescription of Stiphodon pulchellus (Herre, 1927) (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae)". Cybium: International Journal of Ichthyology. 35 (4): 319–328.
  12. ^ Keith, Philippe; Lord-Daunay, Clara; Maeda, Ken (2015). Indo-Pacific Sicydiine gobies: biodiversity, life traits and conservation. Paris: Société française d'ichtyologie. ISBN 978-2-9514628-7-8.
  13. ^ Keith, Philippe; Lord-Daunay, Clara; Maeda, Ken (2015). Indo-Pacific Sicydiine gobies: biodiversity, life traits and conservation. Paris: Société française d'ichtyologie. ISBN 978-2-9514628-7-8.
  14. ^ Herre, Albert W. C. T. (1945-03-31). "Two New Genera and Four New Gobies from the Philippines and India". Copeia. 1945 (1): 1–6. doi:10.2307/1438164. ISSN 0045-8511. JSTOR 1438164.
  15. ^ a b c d Hasan, Veryl; Valen, Fitri Sil; Islamy, R. Adharyan; Widodo, Maheno; Saptadjaja, Aditya Mirzapahlevi; Islam, Izzul (2021-01-13). "Short Communication: Presence of the vulnerable freshwater goby Sicyopus auxilimentus (Gobiidae, Sicydiinae) on Sangihe Island, Indonesia: Sicyopus auxilimentus from Sangihe Island". Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 22 (2). doi:10.13057/biodiv/d220208. ISSN 2085-4722.
  16. ^ MAEDA, KEN; PALLA, HERMINIE P. (2015-09-16). "A new species of the genus Stiphodon from Palawan, Philippines (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae)". Zootaxa. 4018 (3): 381–395. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4018.3.3. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 26624046.
  17. ^ a b c Giuliani, Silvia; Bellucci, Luca G.; Nhon, Dang H. (2019), "The Coast of Vietnam: Present Status and Future Challenges for Sustainable Development", World Seas: an Environmental Evaluation, Elsevier, pp. 415–435, doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100853-9.00027-0, ISBN 978-0-08-100853-9, retrieved 2024-11-14
  18. ^ Watson, R. E.; Chen, I.-S. Froese, Ranier; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Stiphodon atropurpureus". FishBase. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  19. ^ Jaafar, Z. 2019. Stiphodon atropurpureus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T91083121A91083139. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T91083121A91083139.en. Accessed on 03 December 2024.


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stiphodon_atropurpureus&oldid=1261095987"