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Military Regional Command

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Military Regional Commands in Indonesia as of 2021
The VI Military Regional Command/Mulawarman covering East, North, and South Kalimantan

The Indonesian Military Regional Commands (Indonesian: Komando Daerah Militer; abbreviated Kodam) also known officially as Military Area Commands are military districts of the Indonesian Army that function for the territorial defense of various regions within the country. They cover one or multiple provinces.

History

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The Armed Forces' military regions are known as Kodam. Their organization was established by General Sudirman, following the model of the German Wehrkreise system. The system was later codified in Strategy Order No.1 (Surat Perintah Siasat No.1), signed by General Sudirman in November 1948.[1]

The Army's structure underwent various reorganisations throughout its early years. From 1946 to 1952, the Army was organized into combined arms divisions. These were consolidated in 1951 and then dissolved in 1952. From 1952 to 1958–59, the Army was organised into seven Territorial Armies (Tentara & Teritorium) composed of regiments and independent formations at battalion level and below. In August 1958, the Indonesian Army reconsolidated its territorial organization. This created sixteen regional commands, which retained earlier divisional titles; the Siliwangi Division, for example, became Kodam VI/Siliwangi.[2] The Kodam were subdivided administratively into Areas (the former territorial regiments), Districts (the former regimental battalions), and District Sectors, and operationally composed of several specialty battalions and in some regional commands, an infantry brigade.

A reorganisation in 1985 made significant changes in the army chain of command. The four multiservice Regional Defence Commands (Kowilhan) and the National Strategic Forces Command (Kostranas) were eliminated from the defense structure, re-establishing the Military Regional Commands (Kodam) as the key organisation for strategic, tactical, and territorial operations for all services. The 16 regions were reduced to just 10.[3] The chain of command flowed directly from the ABRI commander via the Chief of Staff of the Army to the ten territorial commanders, and then to subordinate army territorial commands. In 1999, the number of regions grew to 10, and today, there are around 15 in active operation.

The territorial commands incorporate provincial and district commands each with infantry battalions, sometimes a cavalry battalion, artillery, or engineers. The number of activated infantry brigades is increasing.[4] Some have Raider battalions attached.

Organization of Regional Commands

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Each Military Regional or Area Command (Kodam) is led by a major general, assisted by a chief of staff who holds the rank of brigadier general. Kodams oversee several territorial formations under its command, which are:

  • Korem or [Komando Resor Militer] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |4= (help) also known as Military Subarea Command or Military Resort Command is a territorial army office covering a large area or multiple regencies (Kabupaten). They are further divided into two types which are type "A" and type "B". They are commanded by a brigadier general for type "A" and a colonel for type "B" respectively. It is below the Kodam and is responsible for Military Districts or Kodims.
  • Kodim or [Komando Distrik Militer] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |4= (help) also known as Military District Command is a territorial army office covering a City or Regency level. They are further divided into three types which are "independent", type "A" and type "B". They are commanded by a Colonel (for Independent and type "A"), and a Lieutenant Colonel for type "B" respectively. It is below the Korem and oversees Koramils under its supervision.
  • Koramil or [Komando Rayon Militer] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |4= (help) also known as Military Subdistrict Command is a territorial army office covering a district (kecamatan, distrik, kapanewon, and kemantren). They are further divided into two types, "A" and "B", commanded by a Major for type "A" and a Captain for type "B" respectively. It is below the Kodim. Babinsa offices and bureaux fall under its control.
    • Babinsa or [Bintara Pembina Desa] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |4= (help) also known as Village Management Senior NCO is a senior army Non-commissioned Officer (usually holding the rank of Sergeant Major) or a senior Enlisted rank personnel (usually holding the rank of Master corporal) who is in charge for carrying out territorial development and monitoring duties for a community in the village/Kelurahan level. Babinsa NCOs fall under the control of the local Koramil unit.

In addition, each of the Kodams own a Main Regiment (known as Resimen Induk Kodam or Rindam) which is responsible for the training and education of enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officers in their territory.

The office of the Regional Commander is assisted by the following territorial departments:

  • Office of the Regional Inspectorate General (Itdam)
  • Office of the Regional Secretariat (Setumdam)
  • Regional Military Police Command (Pomdam) – responsible for military law enforcement in the territory
  • Regional Public Affairs and Press Office (Pendam) – responsible for public affairs, media and civil-military relations
  • Office of the Regional Adjutant General (Ajendam)
  • Regional Military Physical Fitness and Sports Office (Jasdam) – responsible for physical fitness and sports affairs
  • Regional Medical Department (Kesdam) – responsible for medical affairs
  • Regional Veterans and National Reserves Administration (Babiminvetcadam) – responsible for military reserves formation and veterans' affairs
  • Regional Topography Service (Topdam)
  • Regional Chaplaincy Corps (Bintaldam) – chaplaincy service for personnel who are Muslims, Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and Confucianists
  • Regional Finance Office (Kudam) – responsible for financial activities
  • Regional Legal Affairs Office (Kumdam)
  • Regional HQ and HQ Services Detachment (Detasemen Makodam)
  • Regional C3 Unit (Puskodalops Kodam)
  • Regional Information and Communications Technology Office (Infolahtadam)
  • Regional Logistics and Transportation Division (Bekangdam)
  • Regional Signals Division (Hubdam)
  • Regional Ordnance Department (Paldam)
  • Regional Engineering Division (Zidam)
  • Regional Cyber Operations Service (Sandidam)
  • Regional Intelligence Command (Deninteldam)
  • Liaison offices of the Navy and Air Force formations in each Military Region

Operationally, each "Kodam" is organized as a territorial infantry division which oversees several Subordinate combat units:

Military regions

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The following is a list of Military Regional Commands in Indonesia:

No
Name
Coat of arms
Defence area
Headquarters
Commander
Official website
1. I Military Regional Command/Bukit Barisan
 North Sumatra Medan Major General Hasan Hasibuan kodam1-bukitbarisan.mil.id
 West Sumatra
 Riau
 Riau Islands
2. II Military Regional Command/Sriwijaya
 Jambi Palembang Major General M. Naudi Nurdika kodam-ii-sriwijaya.mil.id
 Bengkulu
 South Sumatra
 Bangka Belitung
 Lampung
3. III Military Regional Command/Siliwangi
 Banten Bandung Major General Dadang Arif Abdurahman siliwangi.mil.id
 West Java
4. IV Military Regional Command/Diponegoro
 Central Java Semarang Major General Deddy Suryadi kodam4.mil.id
 Special Region of Yogyakarta
5. V Military Regional Command/Brawijaya
 East Java Surabaya Major General Rudy Saladin kodam5brawijaya.tniad.mil.id
6. VI Military Regional Command/Mulawarman
 South Kalimantan Balikpapan Major General Tri Budi Utomo
 East Kalimantan
 North Kalimantan
7. IX Military Regional Command/Udayana
 Bali Denpasar Major General M. Zamroni
 West Nusa Tenggara
 East Nusa Tenggara
8. XII Military Regional Command/Tanjungpura
 West Kalimantan Kubu Raya Major General Iwan Setiawan
 Central Kalimantan
9. XIII Military Regional Command/Merdeka
 North Sulawesi Manado Major General Candra Wijaya
 Gorontalo
 Central Sulawesi
10. XIV Military Regional Command/Hasanuddin
 West Sulawesi Makassar Major General Bobby Rinal Makmun kodam14hasanuddin-tniad.mil.id
 South Sulawesi
 Southeast Sulawesi
11. XV Military Regional Command/Pattimura
 North Maluku Ambon Major General Putranto Gatot Sri Handoyo kodam16pattimura.mil.id
 Maluku
12. XVII Military Regional Command/Cenderawasih
 Central Papua Port Numbay Major General Rudi Puruwito
 Papua
 Highland Papua
 South Papua
13. XVIII Military Regional Command/Kasuari
 Southwest Papua Manokwari Major General Haryanto
 West Papua
14. Military Regional Command/Jayakarta
 Jakarta Jakarta Major General Rafael Granada Baay kodamjaya-tniad.mil.id
15. Military Regional Command/Iskandar Muda
 Aceh Banda Aceh Major General Niko Fahrizal kodamim-tniad.mil.id

Former Military Regional Commands

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No
Name
Coat of arms
Headquarters
Formed
Disbanded
1. III Military Regional Command/17 Agustus
17 April 1959[5]
26 January 1985[6]
2. X Military Regional Command/Lambung Mangkurat
17 July 1958[7]
1 May 1985[8]
3. XI Military Regional Command/Tambun Bungai
17 July 1958[9]
18 March 1974[10]

References

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  1. ^ Gitiyarko, Vincentinus (1 March 2021). "Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949". Kompas. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  2. ^ Conboy, Kenneth J. (2003). Kopassus : inside Indonesia's special forces (1st ed.). Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. p. 79. ISBN 979-95898-8-6. OCLC 51242376.
  3. ^ Anderson, Ben (1985). "Current Data on the Indonesian Military Elite". Indonesia (40). Southeast Asia Program Publications at Cornell University: 131–64. JSTOR 3350880.
  4. ^ "The Military Balance". 106 (1). International Institute for Strategic Studies. 2006. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[page needed]
  5. ^ Stj Soenarman (1970). Sedjarah Kodam III/17 Agustus (in Indonesian). Komando Daerah Militer III/17 Agustus. p. 470.
  6. ^ Petrik Matanasi, Irfan Teguh (2020-06-15). "Kodam Bukit Barisan: Dipecah Nasution untuk Mempersempit Gerak PRRI". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-04-07. Pada masa pendudukan Jepang, di Sumatra Utara terdapat tentara sukarela yang tergabung dalam Gyugun. Setelah Proklamasi Kemerdekaan, para pemuda ini masuk ke dalam Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR).
  7. ^ Panitia Redaksi "Kodam X/LM Membangun" (1962). Kodam X/LM Membangun (in Indonesian). Komando Daerah Militer X/Lambung Mangkurat. p. 22.
  8. ^ "Profil Satuan Kodim 1015/Sampit". kodim1015sampit.com. Retrieved 2021-04-08. Pada tanggal 1 Mei 1985 Kodam X/ Lambung Mangkurat dilikuidasi menjadi Kodam VI/Tanjungpura di Balikpapan sehingga Organik Administrasi Kodim 1015/Spt yang merupakan bagian wilayah dari Korem 102/Panju Panjung di bawah Kodam VI/Tanjungpura.
  9. ^ Alex Prawiraatmadja (1972). Amanat-amanat pada hari ulang tahun Kodam XI/Tambun Bungai, 17 Djuli 1972, di Palangka Raja (in Indonesian). TNI Angkatan Darat. p. 16.
  10. ^ "SEJARAH SINGKAT KOREM 102/PANJU PANJUNG". korem102panjupanjung.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
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