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Red Rose Guild
Formation1921; 103 years ago (1921)
Defunct1985
TypeCraft organisation
PurposeTo promote the importance of craftwork in modern society[1]
HeadquartersThe Whitworth, Manchester
Region served
UK
LeaderMargaret Pilkington OBE
AffiliationsCrafts Centre of Great Britain

The Red Rose Guild was a guild based in Manchester, with the aim to promote British arts and crafts.[2] It was “regarded as the most influential national outlet for makers”[3] in Britain during the first half of the twentieth century. The Guild was founded in 1921 by printmaker Margaret Pilkington, OBE, and remained active until 1985.[4] The Guild held annual exhibitions at Houldsworth Hall, part of what is now Hulme Hall, Manchester until World War II. Prominent members of the Guild included potter Bernard Leach,[5] silversmith Joyce Himsworth[6] and weaver Ethel Mairet.[7] After the war, the Guild moved its headquarters to Whitworth Hall. In 1950 the Guild joined the Crafts Centre of Great Britain.[8]

History

[edit]

In 1920 an exhibition by northern craftsmen living in London was held at Houldsworth Hall. Called The Red Rose Guild of Arts and Crafts, its success led to the formation of the Red Rose Guild of Artworkers in January 1921. The Guild was inspired by the work of William Morris.[9] Its symbol, a red rose, reflected the Guild's origins in the north west of England.[10]

Houldsworth Hall, Hulme Hall

The Guild was “a central authoritative body, maintaining exacting standards for membership and providing both a vital sales outlet and a regular annual meeting place.” [11] They made a point of excluding any exhibits which appeared either ‘commercial’ or machine-made.[12]

The Guild played a leading role in the debate about the future of craftspeople after WWII. They campaigned for state protection and the guild's secretary, Harry Norris,[13] successfully argued for the exemption of “key craftworkers from war service in order to ensure the survival of craft skills.” This debate resulted in craftworkers being exempt from “punitive” post-war purchase tax. Alongside this they developed a craftsman's licence scheme.[14]

In 1950 the Guild joined the Crafts Centre of Great Britain, alongside the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, the Society of Scribes & Illuminators, the Senefelder Club and the Society of Wood Engravers.[15]

Name

[edit]

The Guild's name evolved over time. Founded as the Red Rose Guild of Arts and Crafts in 1920, it changed its name to the Red Rose Guild of Artworkers in 1921. In 1940s the name was changed to the Red Rose Guild of Craftsmen[16] and finally in the 1960s to the Red Rose Guild of Designer Craftsmen.[17]

Exhibitions and venues

[edit]

An advertisement in the Manchester Evening News for the Guild's first exhibition in October 1921 listed exhibits including “Embroideries, Lace, Weaving, Jewellery, Leather and Basket Work, Sculpture, Pottery, Stained Glass &c”.[18] Exhibitions were held at Manchester's Houldsworth Hall every autumn until the outbreak of war in 1939.[19]

In 1925 the exhibition had 32 stalls; by the 1950s the number was over 80.[20] The 1926 Arts and Crafts yearbook read “a general colour scheme was introduced of cream outlined with black and gold which proved an excellent background for the exhibits.”[21]

May 1939 saw a month-long exhibition at Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester, including, for the first time, calligraphy, and bookbinding.[22] In the same year the Guild opened a shop on St Ann Street, Manchester.[23] In 1940 the Guild moved its headquarters to The Whitworth Hall.

The Guild held joint exhibitions with the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society at the Manchester City Art Gallery in 1940,[24] and in London in 1941 and 1944. The 1941 catalogue had an introduction by Nikolaus Pevsner, who “predicted a bright future for the crafts after the war.”[25]

The first exhibition in Manchester after WWII was held in November 1946.[26]

From 1963 to 1974 the Guild had a permanent exhibition space featuring members’ products at the Crane Gallery, South King Street, Manchester.[27][28] In 1971 the Guild held an exhibition at the Whitworth Art Gallery to mark its 50th anniversary.[29] The 1984 exhibition was held in June at the Royal Northern College of Music.[30]

Crafts the journal

[edit]

The journal Crafts was edited by Harry Norris from 1940 to 1946.[31] He used it “to advance a series of anti-industrial polemics”.[32] The magazine featured the “last thoughts of Eric Gill” together with essays by H. J. Massingham, Percy Beales, Anthony Gardner and Michael Cardew.[33] It was published until at least 1948.[34]

Organisers

[edit]

Early organisers of the Guild included founder, Margaret Pilkington OBE (1891–1974),[35] who remained on the board for forty years.[36] She was the first honorary secretary and occasionally took the chair from 1926 onwards.[37] In the early years of the Guild, Pilkington was supported by Kathleen Smartt, Dorothy Hutton,[38] and Margaret Fullerton Davies.[39] Harry Norris, Pilkington's “protégé” was secretary[40] and Mr Cadness was chair.[41]

Later committee members included Charles F Sixsmith (chairman) in 1937,[42] Reginald Marlow (chairman) in 1967,[43][44] Marie Nordlinger (committee member)[45] and Alex McErlain (treasurer) in 1980s.[46]

Members

[edit]

The Red Rose Guild included the following members:

Name Dates Specialism
Pat Atkinson[47] Potter
Phyllis Barron[48] 1890–1964 Textiles
Howard Bissell[49] Potter
Mary Booth[50] Jeweller
Mary Bryan[51] 1918 - ? Textiles
Francis Cargeeg 1893–1981 Coppersmith
Mr A Carne[52] Ironworker
Molly Challoner Silversmith
Kathleen Clarke[53] Embroiderer
Derek Clarkson Potter
Margaret Clarkson[54] Silversmith
Catherine ‘Casty’ Cockerell (later Cobb) [55] 1903–1995 Jeweller
Sydney Cockerell[56] 1897–1962 Bookbinder
Peter Collingwood, OBE[57] 1922–1997 Weaver
Joanna Constantinidis 1927–2000 Potter
George Frederick Cook[58] 1927–2000 Potter
Emmanuel Cooper[59] 1938–2012 Potter
Francis Glanville Cooper[60] 1918–1983 Potter
Ronald Glanville Cooper[61] 1910-? Potter
Gertrude Crawford[62] 1868–1937 Turner
Helen Crosby[63] Weaver
Bernard Cuzner[64] Jeweller
William Bower Dalton[65] 1868–1965 Potter
Stanley Webb Davies[66] 1894–1978 Furniture maker
Brian Dewbury[67] Potter
Alan Durst 1883–1970 Wood carver
Derek Emms[68] 1929–2004 Potter
William Fishley Holland[69] 1889–1969 Potter
Mary Farmer[70][71] 1940-2021 Textiles
Kathleen Fleetwood[72] Jeweller
Robert Charles Privett Fournier[73] 1915–2008 Potter
Joyce Mary Griffiths[74] 1912-? Weaver
Joyce Hainsworth[75] Silversmith
Mrs K Hampson[76] Weaver
Deborah Harding[77] Potter
Anthony Paton Hawksley[78] 1921–1991 Jeweller and silversmith
Gerd Hay-Edie[79] 1909-1997 Weaver
Joyce Gwendolyn Haynes[80] Potter
Henry Hammond[81] Potter
John Henshall[82] 1913–1996 Calligrapher
Miss K Heron[83] Weaver
Joyce Himsworth[84] 1905–1989 Silversmith
Ruth Hurle[85] Weaver
Dorothy Hutton[86] 1889–1984 Calligrapher
Margery Kendon[87] 1902–1985 Weaver
Muriel Jackson[88] 1901–1977 Wood engraver
Muriel Lanchester[89] 1901–1992 Potter
Rita Lankuttis[90] Embroiderer
Dorothy Larcher[91] 1884–1952 Textiles
Bernard Leach[92] 1887–1979 Potter
Ethel Mairet[93] 1872–1952 Weaver
John Makepeace[94] b.1939 Furniture designer
Reginald Marlow[95] Potter
Enid Marx[96] 1902–1998 Designer
William Ongley Miller[97] 1883–1960 Painter
Alice Moore[98] 1909–1980 Embroiderer
Theo Moorman[99] 1907–1990 Weaver
Roy Mulligan[100] Furniture maker
Gwen Mullins, OBE[101] 1904–1997 Weaver
William Staite Murray[102] 1881–1962 Potter
Henry George Murphy[103] 1884–1939 Silversmith
Robin Nance[104] 1907–1990 Furniture maker
Kenneth Neville[105] Enameller
Sue Newhouse[106] Embroiderer
Edith Norris[107] 1877-1989 Stained glass and mosaics
Harry Norris[108] 1901-1968 Woodworker
David Peace[109] Glass engraver
Marcia Pidgeon[110] 1955-? Gold and silversmith
Katherine Pleydell-Bouverie[111] 1895-1985 Potter
Fiona Porteous[112] Textile
Roger Powell[113] 1896-1990 Bookbinder
Dunstan Pruden[114] Silversmith
Elizabeth Reddish[115] Silversmith
Archie Milne Robertson[116] Potter
Seonaid Mairi Robertson[117] 1921–2008 Potter
Gordon Russell[118] 1892–1980 Furniture maker
Dunstan Alfred Charles Pruden[119] 1907–1974 Goldsmith and sculptor
Barbara Sawyer[120] 1919–1982 Weaver
Arthur Simpson 1857–1922 Wood carver
Hubert Simpson[121] 1889-? Wood carver
Marianne Straub[122] 1909–1994 Weaver
Ann Sutton[123] b.1935 Weaver
Julia M Sweet[124] (? – 1942) Lacemaker
Thomas W Swindlehurst[125] c.1900-1965 Calligrapher
James Spencer Taylor[126] 1921–2010 Graphic designer
Joyce Barbara Taylor[127] 1921–2006 Embroiderer
Margaret Stanley Thompson[128] 1918–2007 Wood engraver
Pauline Vivienne[129] Potter
Roy Waddington[130] 1917–1981 Calligrapher
James Walford[131] 1913–2001 Potter
Hugh Wallis[132] Silversmith
Florence Welch[133] Weaver
Geoffrey Whiting[134] 1919–1988 Potter
Rosemary Wren[135] 1922–2013 Potter

Other exhibitors included The Weaving School for Crippled Girls (1936),[136] the Manchester School of Art, Salford School of Art and Bolton School of Art.

[edit]

References

[edit]
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