Manawatu (New Zealand electorate)
Manawatu was a parliamentary electorate in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand that existed during three periods between 1871 and 1996.
Population centres
[edit]The 1870 electoral redistribution was undertaken by a parliamentary select committee based on population data from the 1867 New Zealand census. Eight sub-committees were formed, with two members each making decisions for their own province; thus members set their own electorate boundaries. The number of electorates was increased from 61 to 72, and Manawatu was one of the new electorates.[1]
History
[edit]The electorate existed during three periods: from 1871 to 1890, 1896 to 1911, and 1919 to 1996.[2]
The first representative was Walter Woods Johnston, who was elected at the 1871 general election. He won the three subsequent general elections, and retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1884.[3] In the 1876 election, Johnston was challenged by the lawyer, naturalist and ornithologist Walter Buller. The contest was close and Buller had a small majority in the district of two votes, but the voters from Wellington who were eligible to vote in the Manawatu and who made the arduous journey (the route was affected by recent flooding) to the nearest polling booth in Paikakariki gave Johnston the advantage.[4][5] Johnston was succeeded by Douglas Hastings Macarthur in the 1884 general election. Macarthur held the electorate for two terms until 1890, when it was abolished. He successfully contested Rangitikei in the 1890 general election.[6]
The electorate was recreated for the 1896 general election, when John Stevens got elected for the Liberal Party. He represented it until the 1902 general election,[7] when he was defeated by Job Vile.[8] Vile lost the electorate again at the 1905 general election to Stevens, who held it until 1908.[7] In the 1908 general election, Stevens was defeated by the conservative politician Edward Newman in a second ballot.[9] The electorate was abolished in 1911.[2]
The electorate was recreated in for the 1919 general election, when John Stevens was once again successful. He held the electorate for one term.[7] He was succeeded by Joseph Linklater in the 1922 general election. Linklater held the electorate for four parliamentary terms until 1935.[10] In the 1935 general election, he was defeated by Labour's Lorrie Hunter, who held the electorate for one term.[11]
Hunter lost the electorate in the 1938 general election to National's John Cobbe, who retired in 1943.[12] He was succeeded by Matthew Oram until 1957.
Members of Parliament
[edit]Manawatu was represented by 16 Members of Parliament.[2]
Key
| Independent | Conservative | Liberal | Reform |
| Labour | National | Alliance | Liberal |
| Election | Winner | |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 election | Walter Johnston | |
| 1876 election | ||
| 1879 election | ||
| 1881 election | ||
| 1884 election | Douglas Macarthur | |
| 1887 election | ||
| (Electorate abolished 1890–1896) | ||
| 1896 election | John Stevens | |
| 1899 election | ||
| 1902 election | Job Vile | |
| 1905 election | John Stevens | |
| 1908 election | Edward Newman | |
| (Electorate abolished 1911–1919) | ||
| 1919 election | Edward Newman | |
| 1922 election | Joseph Linklater | |
| 1925 election | ||
| 1928 election | ||
| 1931 election | ||
| 1935 election | Lorrie Hunter | |
| 1938 election | John Cobbe | |
| 1943 election | Matthew Oram | |
| 1946 election | ||
| 1949 election | ||
| 1951 election | ||
| 1954 election | ||
| 1957 election | Blair Tennent | |
| 1960 election | ||
| 1963 election | ||
| 1966 election | Les Gandar | |
| 1969 election | ||
| 1972 election | Allan McCready | |
| 1975 election | ||
| 1978 election | Michael Cox | |
| 1981 election | ||
| 1984 election | ||
| 1987 election | David Robinson | |
| 1990 election | Hamish MacIntyre | |
| 1993 election | Jill White | |
| (Electorate abolished in 1996; see Rangitīkei) | ||
Election results
[edit]1943 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Matthew Oram | 6,304 | 56.85 | ||
| Labour | William Henry Oliver | 3,999 | 36.06 | ||
| Independent | Septimus James Edgar Closey | 675 | 6.08 | ||
| Informal votes | 110 | 0.99 | 0.35 | ||
| Majority | 2,305 | 20.78 | |||
| Turnout | 11,088 | 90.42 | −1.95 | ||
| Registered electors | 12,262 | ||||
1938 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | John Cobbe | 6,245 | 57.20 | ||
| Labour | Lorrie Hunter | 4,601 | 42.14 | 10.43 | |
| Informal votes | 70 | 0.64 | −0.08 | ||
| Majority | 1,644 | 15.06 | |||
| Turnout | 10,916 | 92.37 | 1.76 | ||
| Registered electors | 11,817 | ||||
1935 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Lorrie Hunter | 2,958 | 31.71 | −2.44 | |
| Reform | Joseph Linklater | 2,929 | 31.40 | −34.45 | |
| Independent | Septimus James Edgar Closey | 1,271 | 13.62 | ||
| Democrat | Matthew Oram | 673 | 7.21 | ||
| Independent | John Knowles Hornblow | 618 | 6.62 | ||
| Informal votes | 68 | 0.72 | 0.13 | ||
| Majority | 30 | 0.32 | |||
| Turnout | 8,452 | 90.61 | −9.18 | ||
| Registered electors | 9,327 | ||||
1931 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reform | Joseph Linklater | 4,666 | 65.85 | ||
| Labour | Lorrie Hunter | 2,420 | 34.15 | ||
| Informal votes | 42 | 0.59 | |||
| Majority | 2,246 | 31.70 | |||
| Turnout | 7,128 | 81.43 | |||
| Registered electors | 8,753 | ||||
1928 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reform | Joseph Linklater | 3,401 | 44.01 | ||
| United | Patrick James Small | 1,935 | 25.04 | ||
| Labour | John Henry Taylor | 1,634 | 21.15 | ||
| Independent | Henry Joseph Dalton McManaway | 757 | 9.80 | ||
| Majority | 1,466 | 18.97 | |||
| Informal votes | 70 | 0.90 | |||
| Turnout | 7,797 | 89.06 | |||
| Registered electors | 8,755 | ||||
1899 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | John Stevens | 1,732 | 52.23 | ||
| Conservative | Robert Bruce | 1,584 | 47.77 | ||
| Majority | 148 | 4.46 | |||
| Turnout | 3,316 | 73.66 | |||
| Registered electors | 4,502 | ||||
Notes
[edit]- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 39.
- ^ a b c Wilson 1985.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 117.
- ^ "Wellington". Wanganui Chronicle. Vol. XIX, no. 2954. 13 January 1876. p. 2. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
- ^ "The Manawatu Election". The Evening Post. Vol. XIII, no. 8. 11 January 1876. p. 2. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 121.
- ^ a b c Scholefield 1950, p. 140.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 145.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 129.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 120.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 115.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 101.
- ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- ^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
- ^ The General Election, 1935. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ Skinner, W. A. G. (1929). The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
- ^ "General notices". Manawatu Times. Vol. LIII, no. 6748. 30 October 1928. p. 16. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
- ^ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
References
[edit]- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.