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HEAT repeat

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HEAT repeat
An example of an alpha solenoid structure composed of 15 HEAT repeats. The protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit is shown with the N-terminus in blue at bottom and the C-terminus in red at top. A single helix-turn-helix motif is shown in the center with the outer helix in pink, the inner helix in green, and the turn in white. From PDB: 2IAE​.[1][2]
Identifiers
SymbolHEAT
PfamPF02985
InterProIPR000357
PROSITEPDOC50077
SCOP21b3u / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
PDB1b3u​, 1f59​, 1gcj​, 1ibr​, 1m5n​, 1o6o​, 1o6p​, 1qbk​, 1qgr​, 1u6g​, 1ukl​, 2bku​

A HEAT repeat is a protein tandem repeat structural motif composed of two alpha helices linked by a short loop. HEAT repeats can form alpha solenoids, a type of solenoid protein domain found in a number of cytoplasmic proteins. The name "HEAT" is an acronym for four proteins in which this repeat structure is found: Huntingtin, elongation factor 3 (EF3), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A),[3] and the yeast kinase TOR1.[4] HEAT repeats form extended superhelical structures which are often involved in intracellular transport; they are structurally related to armadillo repeats. The nuclear transport protein importin beta contains 19 HEAT repeats.

Various HEAT repeat proteins and their structures

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Representative examples of HEAT repeat proteins include importin β (also known as karyopherin β) family,[5] regulatory subunits of condensin and cohesin,[6] separase,[7] PIKKs (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases) such as ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related),[8][9] and the microtubule-binding protein XMAP215/Dis1/TOG[10] and CLASP.[11] Thus, cellular functions of HEAT repeat proteins are highly variable.

The structure of the following HEAT repeat proteins have been determined so far:

References

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  2. ^ a b Groves MR, Hanlon N, Turowski P, Hemmings BA, Barford D (January 1999). "The structure of the protein phosphatase 2A PR65/A subunit reveals the conformation of its 15 tandemly repeated HEAT motifs". Cell. 96 (1): 99–110. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80963-0. PMID 9989501. S2CID 14465060.
  3. ^ Kobe, Bostjan; Gleichmann, Thomas; Horne, James; Jennings, Ian G.; Scotney, Pierre D.; Teh, Trazel (1999-05-05). "Turn up the HEAT". Structure. 7 (5): R91–R97. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(99)80060-4. ISSN 0969-2126. PMID 10378263.
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