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Gurdaspur district

Coordinates: 31°55′N 75°15′E / 31.917°N 75.250°E / 31.917; 75.250
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Gurdaspur.

Gurdaspur district
District
Sujanpur Fort
Sujanpur Fort
Location in Punjab
Location in Punjab
Coordinates: 31°55′N 75°15′E / 31.917°N 75.250°E / 31.917; 75.250
Country India
StatePunjab
HeadquartersGurdaspur
Area
 • Total
2,610 km2 (1,010 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[‡]
 • Total
2,298,323
 • Density880/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialPunjabi
Time zoneUTC 5:30 (IST)
Vehicle CodePB 06,PB 18,PB 58,PB 85, PB 99
Literacy79.95%
Websitegurdaspur.nic.in

Gurdaspur district is a district in the Majha region of the state of Punjab, India. Gurdaspur is the district headquarters. It internationally borders Narowal District of Pakistani Punjab, and the districts of Amritsar, Pathankot, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur. Two main rivers Beas and Ravi passes through the district. The Mughal emperor Akbar is said to have been enthroned in a garden near Kalanaur, a historically important town in the district.[1] The district is at the foothills of the Himalayas.

As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Ludhiana and Amritsar.[2] Batala, with 31% of the district's population, is its largest city.

History

[edit]
Coin of Dharaghosha, king of the Audumbaras, in the Indo-Greek style, from Gurdaspur district, c. 100 BCE.[3]
Obv: Standing figure, probably of Vishvamitra, Kharoshthi legend, around: Mahadevasa Dharaghoshasa/Odumbarisa "Great Lord King Dharaghosha/Prince of Audumabara", across: Viçvamitra "Vishvamitra".
Rev: Trident battle-axe, tree with railing, Brahmi legend identical in content to the obverse.[3]

Medieval period

[edit]

On February 14, 1556 AD, Akbar was crowned as emperor at Kalanaur, a town in the district, after the death of his father Humayun.[4]

This area was used as a base by Banda Singh Bahadur to raid the area up to Lahore. The Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah conducted an expedition against him in 1711, but with only temporary effect. Banda Singh Bahadur fought his last battle against Mughals at Gurdas Nangal and was captured.[5][6]

On 17 May 1746, the Chhota Ghallughara (smaller Sikh genocide) took place. Approximately 10,000 to 15,000 Sikhs were killed in battle on a single day in Kahnuwan, near Gurdaspur. Under the Lahore governorship of Yahiya Khan, Lakhpat Rai (revenue minister) and Shah Navaz Khan were directed to avenge the killing of Lakhpat Rai's brother, Jaspat Rai. An official decree to exterminate Sikhs was issued.[citation needed]

In about 1633 CE, during the rule of Shah Jahan, the Badshahi canal was constructed for carrying waters to the Shalimar Gardens at Lahore. Maharaja Ranjit Singh constructed Hansali canal to carry waters to the tank of the Golden Temple.[7]

British Raj

[edit]
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, which commemorates the first Sikh commune founded by Guru Nanak on the right bank of Ravi, went to Pakistan in the Partition of India

The district of Gurdaspur came into being in April 1846 after the annexation of Punjab by the British.[8] During British Rule the district of Gurdaspur was a subdivision of Lahore Division, the district itself was administratively subdivided into four tehsils: Gurdaspur, Batala, Shakargarh and Pathankot. During the India's first war of independence, on 12 July 1857, battle of Trimmu Ghat was fought between the forces of British and Indian rebel sepoys on the left bank of Ravi.[9]Trimmu Ghat was about 9 miles west of Gurdaspur city in the district. Most of the Indian rebel sepoys were killed in the battle.[10]

According to the 1881 census the population of the district was 823,695 this had risen by over 100,000 to 943,922 in the 1891 census. However, the 1901 census recorded a fall in population – 940,334, this was largely due to emigration – some 44,000 settlers settling in Chenab colony. According to the 1901 census there were 463,371 Muslims (49%), 380,636 Hindus (over 40%) and 91,756 (10%) Sikhs. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad who founded the Ahmadiyya movement had followers here.[11]

During the partition of India in 1947 the future of Gurdaspur was highly contested. According to the 1941 census, the population of this district had a narrow 51.14% Muslim majority. Radcliffe Award of the boundary gave only the Shakargarh tehsil of the district to Pakistan, and the rest to India. The Muslim population of the eastern tehsils migrated to Pakistan as refugees, and the Hindus and Sikhs of Shakargarh migrated to Gurdaspur after crossing the Ravi Bridge. They settled and spread in the Gurdaspur district. According to the 1951 census, there were around 2,97,581 displaced persons who had settled in the district, who formed about 34.96% of the district population.[12] Of the total displaced persons 1,59,716 were males and 1,37,865 females. The origin of most of them were pakistani districts of Sialkot (1,93,182), Shakargarh (43,203), Lyallpur (17,783) and Shekhupura (8,826).[13]

Modern India

[edit]

New tehsil of Dera Baba Nanak was created in 1995 and Dhar Kalan in 1996.[14] On 27 July 2011 a part of district was carved out to form a new Pathankot district, which was earlier part of Gurdaspur. The Pathankot district comprises two sub-divisions of Pathankot and Dharkalan along with two sub-tehsils namely Narot Jaimal Singh and Bamial.

On 27 July 2015, there was a terror attack in Dinanagar, which is situated in the northern part of the district. During this, three heavily armed terrorists wearing army uniforms attacked a bus and police station. Before being killed in 12 hour long operation, the terrorists killed 7 people, of which 2 were civilians, 2 policemen, 2 home guards and one Superintendent of Police (SP). About 5 kilometres from Dinanagar, five live bombs were found on a small bridge near Parmanand railway station on the Amritsar-Pathankot railway track, which were later disposed. The terrorists were said to have come Pakistan. It was the first major terror attack in Punjab since 1995.[15]

On 14 December, 2014, new tehsil of Kalanaur was created. New tehsil of Dinanagar was created in May 2018. Earlier, they were sub-tehsils.[16]

Geography

[edit]

Location

[edit]

The Gurdaspur district is in the north of Punjab state. It falls in the Jalandhar division and is sandwiched between rivers Ravi and Beas. The district lies between north-latitude 31°36' and 32°34' and east longitude 74°56' and 75°24' and shares common boundaries with Pathankot district in the north, Beas River in the north-east, Hoshiarpur district in the south-east, Kapurthala district in the south, Amritsar district in the south-west and Pakistan in the north-west. It is a border district of Punjab and lies along India-Pakistan border.

As of 2011, 5.24% of the district area, including Pathankot, consists of forest area.[17]

Government and politics

[edit]
See also: List of cities and towns in Gurdaspur district

Politics

[edit]
No. Constituency Name of MLA Party Bench
4 Gurdaspur Barindermeet Singh Pahra Indian National Congress Opposition
5 Dina Nagar (SC) Aruna Chaudhary Indian National Congress Opposition
6 Qadian Partap Singh Bajwa Indian National Congress Opposition
7 Batala Amansher Singh (Shery Kalsi) Aam Aadmi Party Government
8 Sri Hargobindpur (SC) Amarpal Singh Aam Aadmi Party Government
9 Fatehgarh Churian Tripat Rajinder Singh Bajwa Indian National Congress Opposition
10 Dera Baba Nanak Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa Indian National Congress Opposition

Tehsil

[edit]
Tehsil
Sr. No. Subdivision /Tehsil Inhabited Villages Uninhabited Villages Area(km2) Population Density Per km2
1. Gurdaspur 679 37 1,369 744,092 544
2. Batala 347 5 936 618,105 660
3. Dera Baba Nanak 131 6 305 115,660 379
4. Kalanaur
5. Dinanagar
Total 1,157 48 2,610 1,477,857 566

Sub Tehsils (Total : 7)

[edit]
Sub-Tehsil
Sr. No. Sub Tehsil Name
1. Kahnuwan
2. Sri Hargobindpur
3. Qadian
4. Fatehgarh Churian
5. Dhariwal
6. Naushera Majha Singh
7. Dorangla

C.D. Blocks (Total : 11)

[edit]
C.D. Blocks
Sr. No. Block Name
1. Gurdaspur
2. Kalanaur
3. Dhariwal
4. Kahnuwan
5. Dinanagar
6. Batala
7. Fatehgarh Churian
8. Dera Baba Nanak
9. Sri Hargobindpur
10. Qadian
11. Dorangla

Municipal Corporation (Nagar Nigam)

[edit]
Municipal Corporation Name
Sr. No. Corporation Name
1. Batala

Municipal Councils

[edit]
Municipal Name
Sr. No. Municipal Name
1. Gurdaspur
2. Dhariwal
3. Dinanagar
4. Sri Hargobindpur
5. Dera Baba Nanak
6. Fatehgarh Churian
7. Qadian

Villages

[edit]

Demographics

[edit]

Population

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901702,372—    
1911622,008−1.21%
1921634,394 0.20%
1931718,523 1.25%
1941854,968 1.75%
1951851,140−0.04%
1961980,868 1.43%
19711,229,464 2.28%
19811,513,435 2.10%
19911,756,732 1.50%
20012,103,455 1.82%
20112,298,323 0.89%
source:[18]

According to the 2011 census Gurdaspur district has a population of 2,298,323,[2] roughly equal to the nation of Latvia[19] or the US state of New Mexico.[20] This gives it a ranking of 196th in India (out of a total of 640).[2] The district has a population density of 649 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,680/sq mi).[2] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 9.3%.[2] Gurdaspur has a sex ratio of 895 females for every 1000 males,[2] and a literacy rate of 79.95%.[2]

After the separation of the Pathankot tehsil into a separate district in 2011, the residual district has a population of 1,621,725 of which 1,260,572 were rural and 361,153 were urban. Scheduled Castes have a population of 373,544 (23.03%) of the population. Punjabi is the predominant language, spoken by 98.27% of the population.[21]

Gender

[edit]

The table below shows the sex ratio of Gurdaspur through the years, according to various census years.[22] Note:- The figure for 2011 does not include the data of the areas that currently form Pathankot district, which were separated from Gurdaspur on that year, to form a new district.

Decadal sex ratio of Gurdaspur district by census years[23]
Year

(Census)

Sex Ratio
2011 907
2001 890
1991 903
1981 907
1971 890
1961 869
1951 846
1941 843
1931 809
1921 794
1911 774
1901 853

The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Gurdaspur district. Note:- The data till year 2001 also includes the data from the areas currently in the Pathankot district.

Child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in Gurdaspur district[24]
Year Urban Rural
2011 828 818
2001 762 797

According to the National Family Health Survey - 4 (2015-16), 88.2% of the total women between the ages of 15 and 49 years in Gurdaspur district were literate, this rate was 86.7% for rural areas of the district. For men in the same age group, 90.4% were literate and this rate was 90.7% for rural areas. According to the same survey, 62.7% of the women of the same age group had 10 or more years of schooling and this rate was 57.6% for rural areas.[25]

Rural and Urban

[edit]

The table below shows the percentage of rural population through the decades.[26] Note:- The separation of the areas in the current Pathankot district in 2011, may have significantly changed the numbers and figures for that year.

Percentage of rural population in Gurdaspur district by years[27]
Year Percentage
2011 77.73%
2001 74.56%
1991 78.02%
1981 78.31%
1971 79.7%

The table below gives the absolute number of rural and urban population through the years.[28][29] Note:- The separation of the areas in the current Pathankot district in 2011, may have significantly changed the numbers and figures for that year.

Rural and Urban population of Gurdaspur in absolute numbers by years[30][31]
Year Urban Rural
2011 3,61,153 12,60,572
2001 5,35,223 15,68,788
1991 3,86,412 13,71,796
1981 3,28,268 11,85,167
1971 2,49,084 9,80,165

Religion

[edit]

Religion in Gurdaspur District, 2011

  Sikhism (58.58%)
  Hinduism (29.36%)
  Christianity (10.44%)
  Islam (0.82%)
  Other (0.80%)

Sikhism is the largest religion in the residual district with 950,016 (58.58%), while Hinduism is the second-largest with 476,095 (29.36%). Christians are the third-largest community with 169,295 (10.44%), the highest share of Christians in the state, and Muslims 13,350 (0.82%).[32] Before Partition, undivided Gurdaspur district had a slight Muslim majority with a large Hindu minority and smaller Sikh and Christian populations. The area which now forms the current district had a Muslim majority and a large Sikh minority, with smaller Hindu and Christian populations.

Religion in Gurdaspur District (2011 district borders)[a]
Religious
group 		1941[33]: 61–62  2011[34]
Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 380,775 53.72% 13,350 0.82%
Sikhism 193,108 27.24% 950,016 58.58%
Hinduism [b] 90,412 12.75% 476,095 29.36%
Christianity 43,176 6.09% 169,295 10.44%
Others [c] 1,401 0.20% 12,969 0.80%
Total Population 708,872 100% 1,621,725 100%

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Gurdaspur district.[35] Note:- The separation of the areas in the current Pathankot district in 2011, may have significantly changed the numbers and figures for that year.

Absolute numbers of different religious groups in Gurdaspur district[35]
Religion Urban (2011) Rural (2011) Urban (2001) Rural (2001) Urban (1991) Rural (1991)
Hindu 4,78,989 5,95,343 3,79,724 6,16,522 2,51,831 4,76,531
Sikh 1,40,536 8,62,338 1,28,697 8,06,266 66,020 6,09,380
Christian 26,151 1,50,436 21,668 1,27,315 8,713 90,924
Muslim 8,292 5,351 4,329 807 1,540 164
Other religions 5,351 11,512 807 2,246 164 510
Populations of Muslim and Non-Muslims in Gurdaspur District, based on Census Data. In the 1881 Census, Non-Muslims were in majority, at 52.49%. While the Non-Muslims had a slight majority, the proportion of the Muslim population increased in the following decades. By the 1930s, Muslims were the majority population in the District.[36]
Religious groups in Gurdaspur District (British Punjab province era)
Religious
group 		1901[37] 1911[38][39] 1921[40] 1931[41] 1941[42]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 463,371 49.28% 408,216 48.78% 422,877 49.62% 493,216 50.8% 589,923 51.14%
Hinduism [b] 380,636 40.48% 284,017 33.94% 258,823 30.37% 255,949 26.36% 290,774 25.21%
Sikhism 91,756 9.76% 121,078 14.47% 137,625 16.15% 178,471 18.38% 221,261 19.18%
Christianity 4,471 0.48% 23,365 2.79% 32,832 3.85% 43,243 4.45% 51,522 4.47%
Jainism 72 0.01% 73 0.01% 20 0% 15 0% 25 0%
Zoroastrianism 28 0% 22 0% 12 0% 2 0% 6 0%
Buddhism 0 0% 0 0% 3 0% 2 0% 0 0%
Judaism 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Others 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Total population 940,334 100% 836,771 100% 852,192 100% 970,898 100% 1,153,511 100%
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Gurdaspur District (1921)[40]
Tehsil Hinduism Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[d] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Gurdaspur Tehsil 46,297 19.77% 122,606 52.36% 48,817 20.85% 16,406 7.01% 20 0.01% 0 0% 234,146 100%
Batala Tehsil 45,129 16.37% 145,672 52.84% 73,212 26.56% 11,682 4.24% 0 0% 0 0% 275,695 100%
Pathankot Tehsil 76,752 59.27% 48,431 37.4% 3,293 2.54% 1,011 0.78% 0 0% 15 0.01% 129,502 100%
Shakargargh Tehsil 90,645 42.59% 106,168 49.88% 12,303 5.78% 3,733 1.75% 0 0% 0 0% 212,849 100%
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Gurdaspur District (1941)[42]
Tehsil Hinduism [b] Islam Sikhism Christianity Jainism Others[e] Total
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Gurdaspur Tehsil 57,281 17.42% 171,498 52.16% 76,695 23.32% 22,506 6.84% 22 0.01% 817 0.25% 328,819 100%
Batala Tehsil 33,610 8.84% 209,277 55.07% 116,413 30.63% 20,670 5.44% 0 0% 83 0.02% 380,053 100%
Pathankot Tehsil 83,330 54.42% 59,548 38.89% 7,580 4.95% 2,307 1.51% 3 0% 366 0.24% 153,134 100%
Shakargargh Tehsil 116,553 39.98% 149,600 51.32% 20,573 7.06% 4,779 1.64% 0 0% 0 0% 291,505 100%
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

Economy

[edit]

The income of Municipalities and Municipal corporations in the Gurdaspur district from municipal rates and taxes in the year 2018 was 380,930 thousand rupees.[43]

In 2020–21, there were a total of 7,740 registered Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) and Artisan units in Gurdaspur district, which provided employment to 56,298 people. There were 9 registered Medium and Large industrial Unit, which provided employment to 2,709 people.[44]

In 2010–11, there were 7,840 registered industrial units which provided employment to 55,541 people.[45] The major export items of large scale industries in Gurdaspur were rice, sugar and knitting yarn.[46]

The table below shows the number of registered working factories and workers employed by selected manufacturing industries in Gurdaspur district as of 2017.

Number of registered working factories and workers employed by selected manufacturing industries in Gurdaspur district in 2017[47]
Industry Factories Workers
Chemicals and chemical products 1 3
Non-metalic mineral products 9 81
Beverages 13 109
Food products and Beverages products 16 202

Health

[edit]
Main article: Health in Gurdaspur district

As of 2018, the number of registered doctors in the Gurdaspur district were 1,642 and registered nurses were 6,118.[48][49]Which means the average population served per doctor for that year was 1,058.[50] In the year 2017, Gurdaspur district recorded 12 malaria cases, which was tenth lowest in Punjab.[51]

The table given below shows the population served per doctor in Gurdaspur district, by years.[52]

Population served per doctor in Gurdaspur district by years[53]
Year Population Year Population
2018 1,058 2000 2,490
2012 1,671 1999 2,382
2010 1,845 1998 2,377
2008 2,091 1997 2,441
2007 2,108 1996 2,536
2006 1,973 1995 2,558
2005 2,228 1994 2,598
2004 2,408 1993 3,019
2003 2,478 1992 2,043
2002 2,452 1991 2,806
2001 2,547 1990 2,986

In 2016, 88.5% women in Gurdaspur district gave birth in a health facility, which was the second lowest in the state. In 2016, 42.1% of the children upto 59 months of age received postnatal care within two days of their birth, which was fourth lowest in the state. In the same year, 83.7% of the women received postnatal care within two days of childbirth, which was fifth lowest in the state.[54]

The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Gurdaspur, as of year 2020.

District nutrition profile of children under 5 years of age in Gurdaspur, year 2020 [55]
Indicators Number of children (<5 years) Percent (2020)
Stunted 43,739 25%
Wasted 16,481 9%
Severely wasted 7,883 5%
Underweight 26,648 15%
Overweight/obesity 11,353 7%
Anemia 1,09,852 70%
Total children 1,74,398

The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Gurdaspur of women between the ages of 15 to 49 years, as of year 2020.

District nutritional profile of Gurdaspur of women of 15-49 years, in 2020[56]
Indicators Number of women (15-49 years) Percent (2020)
Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m^2) 81,803 11%
Overweight/obesity 3,01,906 41%
Hypertension 2,70,494 37%
Diabetes 1,11,229 15%
Anemia (non-preg) 4,09,457 56%
Anemia (preg) 10,904 43%
Total women (preg) 25,287
Total women 7,35,639

The table below shows the current use of family planning methods by currently married women between the age of 15 and 49 years, in Gurdaspur district.

Family planning methods used by women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, in Gurdaspur district[57]
Method Total (2015–16) Rural (2015–16)
Female sterilization 42.1% 44.7%
Male sterilization 0.4% 0.0%
IUD/PPIUD 4.1% 3.8%
Pill 1.8% 2.6%
Condom 20.1% 19.5%
Any modern method 68.5% 70.7%
Any method 74.5% 76.6%
Total unmet need 5.2% 5.5%
Unmet need for spacing 2.7% 2.8%

The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Gurdaspur district by year.

Road accidents and people affected in Gurdaspur district by year[58]
Year Accidents Killed Injured Vehicles Involved
2022 191 161 101 242
2021 178 156 79 234
2020 178 158 92 266
2019 227 162 109 308

Notable people

[edit]

Science and Academia

[edit]

Sports

[edit]

Military

[edit]

Art and Entertainment

[edit]

Politics

[edit]

Other

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "About District". gurdaspur.nic.in. Archived from the original on 2 August 2005. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  3. ^ a b Ancient India, from the earliest times to the first century, A.D by Rapson, E. J. p.154 [1]
  4. ^ "Coronation of Akbar was done at which place after accidental death of Humayun?". Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  5. ^ "History | District Gurdaspur,Government of Punjab | India".
  6. ^ "District Heritage Society Gurdaspur" (PDF).
  7. ^ "Study description". Retrieved 26 August 2024.
  8. ^ https://www.msmedildh.gov.in/Profiles 2016/GURDASPUR_16.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  9. ^ "Battle of Trimmu Ghat 1857". INDIAN CULTURE. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  10. ^ Punjab, a history from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten, by Rajmohan Gandhi
  11. ^ "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 12, page 395 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  12. ^ https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29250, page8
  13. ^ https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29249/study-description, page7
  14. ^ https://www.msmedildh.gov.in/Profiles 2016/GURDASPUR_16.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  15. ^ 'Terror attack in Gurdaspur; SP among seven killed'- The Tribune, by Jupinderjit Singh, Posted: Jul 28, 2015, https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/terror-attack-in-gurdaspur-9-dead-4-injured-111963
  16. ^ "How Many Tehsils in Punjab". punjabdata.com. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  17. ^ "District-wise forest cover - Punjab". punjab.data.gov.in. 13 September 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  18. ^ "Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901".
  19. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Latvia 2,204,708 July 2011 est.
  20. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2011. New Mexico – 2,059,179
  21. ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  22. ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  23. ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  24. ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  25. ^ "National Family Health Survey - 4 2015 -16, District Fact Sheet, Gurdaspur, Punjab", Page 2, http://rchiips.org/nfhs/FCTS/PB/PB_FactSheet_35_Gurdaspur.pdf
  26. ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  27. ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  28. ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  29. ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  30. ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  31. ^ "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India". 21 January 2022.
  32. ^ "C-1 Population By Religious Community Data - Census 2011 - Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
  33. ^ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE". Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  34. ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  35. ^ a b "Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India - All Religions". data.gov.in. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  36. ^ Singh, Kirpal (2005). "Memorandum Submitted to the Punjab Boundary Commission by the Indian National Congress". Select Documents on Partition of Punjab - 1947: India and Pakistan: Punjab, Haryana and Himachal-India and Punjab-Pakistan. Delhi: National Book Shop. p. 212. ISBN 9788171164455. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
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  1. ^ 1941: Includes Gurdaspur and Batala tehsils, which are the tehsils which now cover the area of Gurdaspur district
  2. ^ a b c 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
  3. ^ Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism or not stated
  4. ^ Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
  5. ^ Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
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