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Gateway AnyKey

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"AnyKey" redirects here. For the stock phrase in command prompts, see Any key.
Gateway AnyKey
A Gateway AnyKey keyboard, manufactured circa 1994
Part no.2189014 (prefix)[1]
BrandingGateway 2000
ManufacturerMaxi Switch
FeaturesReprogramability (key remapping and macros)
LayoutsStandard 101-key layout plus 23 additional keys (124 total)
KeyswitchesRubber domes
KeycapsDye-sublimated (white/grey keycaps) or pad-printed (black) PBT
InterfacePS/2, AT
Introduced1991
Discontinuedc. 1998

The Gateway AnyKey is a programmable computer keyboard that was sold exclusively[2] by Gateway 2000, Inc., as an option for some of their desktop computers. Introduced in the spring of 1991,[3] the keyboard was manufactured in at least five known versions and incarnations by Tucson, Arizona–based Maxi Switch, Inc., a subsidiary of the Lite-On Technology Corporation.[4] It was also sold by Maxi Switch themselves, as the ProKey II (later the ProKey 124).[5][6] The AnyKey proved popular, especially among power users and computer programmers, and soon gained a cult following.[7] The AnyKey is no longer manufactured, Gateway having discontinued it by 1998 at the latest.

The AnyKey keyboard is easily distinguished from other generic keyboards by its wide footprint—20 inches (51 cm)—necessitated by an extra double column of function keys on the left side, a unique eight directional arrow keys as opposed to the traditional inverted T, and a quartet of extra keys directly above the numeric pad that control the programmable aspects of the keyboard. They are labeled "Program Macro", "Suspend Macro", "Repeat Rate", and "Remap", reading left to right. All versions of the AnyKey are white or very light gray with some keys (notably the programming keys, extra function keys, and arrows) in a darker gray.

Features and construction

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The AnyKey is a 124-key PC keyboard, comprising the usual complement of 101 keys as well as 23 additional keys.[7] The keyboard includes twelve extra function keys, four programming keys, and four additional arrow keys for diagonal input,[8] as well as one blank key in the center of the eight way arrow key area that normally acts as a second space bar but which can be reprogrammed.[9][10]

The AnyKey has a fourth indicator light labeled "Program", located to the right of the Num Lock, Caps Lock, and Scroll Lock lights.[11] Revisions of its design that predate the advent of the Windows key and Menu key in 1995 have an asterisk (*), backslash (\), or number sign (#) in the positions of these keys, depending on the intended locale.[12][13]

A unique feature of the AnyKey is its hardware programmability. The keyboard contains an internal controller as well as an EEPROM[14] chip that can store user-defined macros.[15] Any key on the keyboard can be programmed to contain a macro of arbitrary length or can be programmed to act like any other key on the keyboard (remapped).[10] This is done on the hardware level inside the keyboard's controller itself. No driver software is required to use the AnyKey's programming functionality, as the keyboard's own controller dictates which key-press codes are sent to the attached computer.[15] A utility for MS-DOS exists to quickly remap the entire keyboard to a predefined configuration or save its current configuration to a file, but it is not required to use or program the keyboard.[16][17] The AnyKey's EEPROM memory will retain its data even if the keyboard is unplugged indefinitely, so settings and programming are not lost if the computer is powered down, unplugged, or if the keyboard is unplugged or moved to a different computer.[18]

The AnyKey was originally available only with an AT-style connector at the end of its 60-inch cable. Gateway provided a simple adapter with the purchase of an AnyKey, allowing it to be used with the PS/2 port, which Gateway started including in their machines circa 1991.[4] As its design predates the implementation of the USB standard, no USB AnyKey keyboard was ever produced. However, a PS/2 to USB converter will allow the AnyKey to be used with modern USB systems.

The AnyKey is built out of a plastic chassis that, at 20 inches (51 cm) wide, is quite large compared to most modern keyboards, primarily owing to the extra columns of keys on the left side.[19]: 46  It is also slightly thicker than most keyboard casings of the present era and features a distinctive wedge shape similar to contemporaneous keyboard offerings by Dell.[20] As with many keyboards, there are two plastic feet that can be flipped down from the upper corners to tilt the keyboard into a suitable typing position. There is also a long central plastic foot, on some versions, that can be flipped down to tilt the keyboard to a less severe angle than the two outside feet. The AnyKey uses rubber dome key switches, imparting a smooth, "mushy" key feel versus that of mechanical offerings, such as IBM's popular Model M keyboard.[21][22]: 35 

Programming

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The AnyKey keyboard is extensively programmable. This takes two forms: remapping, and macro programming. The only keys on the AnyKey that cannot be programmed in at least some way are those used to control the programming itself—"Program Macro", "Suspend Macro", "Repeat Rate", and "Remap".[23]: 3-17  Any other key on the keyboard—including letters, numbers, arrow keys, and even special keys like modifiers such as Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Enter, and the Space Bar—can be programmed.[10]

Remapping

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A key can be remapped (copied to a different location on the keyboard) by pressing the Remap key once, pressing the key to be copied, and then pressing the new key that will serve as the new destination for the old key's command.[24]: 310  The Program light on the keyboard will flash as long as it is awaiting remapping commands.[23]: 3-17  Multiple keys can be remapped without pressing Remap again.[22]: 34  The Program light will continue blinking after one key has been remapped and the keyboard will await more remapping commands with the same method as before. On each keypress, the Remap light will pause, flashing momentarily to signal that a keypress has been registered. Pressing Remap again before completing a remapping cancels the operation. Pressing Remap after at least one remapping has been completed will save all the remappings but will cancel an incomplete one if it is in progress.[23]: 3-17 

After remapping, the old key will retain its original function even after being remapped elsewhere, effectively creating two copies of the same key. After it is remapped somewhere else, the original or "old" key can be remapped to a different function or have a macro programmed to it.[23]: 3-21 

To restore a remapped key to its original function, press the Remap key and then press the remapped key twice.[24]: 311  This is known as "remapping a key to itself". Pressing the Remap key will cause the Program light to begin flashing, indicating that the very next key that is pressed will be remapped.[11]

Macros

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Any key can also be programmed with a macro and can be combined with key modifiers Alt, and/or Ctrl (e.g. Ctrl Alt Q, Ctrl Alt F1).[23]: 3-19  Macros are multiple presses of various keys in sequence of arbitrary length. The extra function keys on the left of the keyboard are essentially reserved for having macros programmed to them, though they mirror the function of the function keys along the top of the keyboard before they are programmed. The keyboard treats both sets of function keys as separate, however. Remapping or programming one of the function keys will not change the function of its counterpart.

A macro is programmed to a key by pressing the Program Macro key once (depending on the revision of the keyboard, the Ctrl key may also need to be held down), pressing the key that will have the macro assigned to it once, and then entering the commands to be programmed. Any sequence of key presses is valid input, including letters, numbers, keys used in conjunction with Shift, Alt, and Ctrl, function keys, cursor movement, remapped keys, and even other keys programmed with macros.[23]: 3-19  The Program light flashes as long as the keyboard is accepting programming input. It pauses momentarily when the key to be assigned the macro is pressed to indicate that the keypress was picked up. Pressing Program Macro for a second time ends the programming session and saves the macro to the target key. Pressing it again before entering any programming input cancels the operation.

A key can be cleared of its macro by pressing Program Macro and then pressing the key twice. Pressing a programmed key will "play back" all the keypresses that were programmed into it at the current repeat rate of the keyboard.[23]: 3-18 

The Program light normally remains solidly on or off depending on whether the keyboard is set to use macros, which can be toggled by pressing the Suspend Macro key. The state of the Program light does not reflect whether there are any macros programmed into the keyboard, merely whether the keyboard is in macro mode.[23]: 3-20 

Pressing the Suspend Macro key will cause the Program light to go out and will cause all keys programmed with macros to behave with their usual functions instead of their programmed macros. Keys that have been remapped do not reset themselves while macros are suspended. Pressing Suspend Macro again relights the Program light and restores the macros to all programmed keys.[23]: 3-20 

A DOS utility, ANYKEY.EXE, was offered by Gateway for saving and uploading AnyKey key mappings and macros.[22]: 35  It offers three functions: Saving key mappings and settings from the keyboard's non-volatile memory to a file, uploading settings from the file to the keyboard's nonvolatile memory, and checking the file's integrity. It must run in DOS, and it may require the keyboard be connected through a PS/2 or AT-style 5-pin-DIN socket, though a PS/2-to-USB adapter seems to work well for normal keyboard usage.

Resetting

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Holding the Control and Alt keys and pressing the Suspend Macro key clears all of the keyboard's programming. The Program light will flash while the keyboard erases its memory. Afterwards, it will go dark and all keys will be reset to their original function, all macros deleted, and all remappings reset. Holding down the Suspend Macro key while powering on the computer will also reset all keys to their original function.[25]

Quirks

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The AnyKey also has a user-programmable repeat rate (the rate at which a key will repeat its function on the computer if it is held down) that is handled by the controller inside the board and therefore overrides the BIOS or operating system controlled repeat rate on the attached computer. (On Linux, this has been known to conflict with the included kbdrate utility.[26]) The repeat rate is set by pressing the Repeat Rate key and then one of the top-row function keys, with F1 being the slowest rate and F8 being the fastest—then press "Repeat Rate" again.[27]

The programmability of the AnyKey results in complex rules being forged pertaining to its behavior. For example, the Num Lock, Caps Lock, and Scroll Lock keys cannot have macros assigned to them, but they can be included in other macros. These keys can be remapped and remapped to others, however.[23]: 3-17 

The keyboard can be programmed to call up and execute software programs in the computer, but the user must compensate for the time it takes the computer to execute the program via inserting a delay of 1–5 seconds before entering a subsequent series of commands.

Despite the fact that "AnyKey" is in the name, there is no "Any" key on these keyboards. In customer service lore, the blank key in the center of the AnyKey's arrow key cluster often served as a stand-in for the nonexistant "Any" key, however.[28]

History

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Gateway bundled or offered the AnyKey keyboards with most of their desktop systems from 1991 to around 1998. The keyboard featured advanced programmability, making it possible for novice users to reprogram the AnyKey keyboards in unintentional and arcane ways.[29][30]

Manufacturing of the AnyKey ceased circa 1998, and Gateway stopped offering them shortly thereafter.[19] Neither Maxi Switch, Gateway, nor Lite-On currently offer any product labeled as or comparable to the AnyKey.[2]

References

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  1. ^ Olacsi, Gary S.; Robert J. Beaton (1997). "A New Force-displacement Metrology for Keyboards". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society: Annual Meeting. 1. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society: 637 – via ProQuest.
  2. ^ a b Maybury, Rick (March 9, 2004). "Faqs! Facts! Fax!". The Daily Telegraph: 33 – via ProQuest.
  3. ^ Marburg, Robert (April 15, 1991). "Gateway 2000 Unveils Low-cost 286, 386SX PCs". PC Week. 8 (15). Ziff-Davis: 29 – via Gale.
  4. ^ a b Brown, Bruce (August 1991). "Gateway's Haute Couture Mini Desktop". Computer Shopper. 11 (8). SX2 Media Labs: 356 et seq – via Gale.
  5. ^ Schneider, Paul (August 21, 1992). "'Custom' keyboard hits market". Arizona Business Gazette. 112 (34). Gannett Company: 8 – via Gale.
  6. ^ Goldsborough, Reid (February 7, 1997). "In search of the perfect keyboard". News and Messenger: B8 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ a b Gunn, Angela (September 1994). "The Fastest 486s". Home Office Computing. 12 (9). Line56: 86 et seq – via Gale.
  8. ^ Brown, Bruce (December 1992). "Gateway 2000's 4DX2-66V Is an Exceptional Value". Computer Shopper. 12 (12). SX2 Media Labs: 507 et seq – via Gale.
  9. ^ Montgomery, John (April 1995). "Gateway's Gait". PC/Computing. 8 (4). Ziff-Davis: 122 – via ProQuest.
  10. ^ a b c Boyce, Jim; Bruce A. Hallberg; Forrest Houlette (1994). Inside Windows 3.11 (Platinum ed.). New Riders Publishing. p. 261. ISBN 9781562053284 – via Google Books.
  11. ^ a b Bigelow, Stephen J. (1999). Troubleshooting, Maintaining and Repairing PCs. McGraw-Hill. p. 670. ISBN 9780079137326 – via Google Books.
  12. ^ Córdova, Cristina; Nate Zelnick (July 1991). "124-Key, Programmable Keyboard Embellishes Gateway 2000 Systems". PC Magazine. 10 (13). Ziff-Davis: 60 – via Google Books.
  13. ^ Chen, Janice (May 1, 1996). "Gateway 2000 P5-166—Towering Inferno: Big 166 Sizzles". Windows Magazine. CMP Publications: 101 – via ProQuest.
  14. ^ Gilliland, Steve (August 1991). "Gateway 2000 486/33: Well Appointed, Fast, Pretty". Computer Shopper. 11 (8). SX2 Media Labs: 287 et seq – via Gale.
  15. ^ a b Mallory, Jim (November 4, 1994). "Gateway 2000 75MHz Pentium-based Multimedia PC". Newsbytes. The Washington Post Company – via Gale.
  16. ^ O'Brien, Bill (May 1992). "The EISA Edge". Computer Shopper. 12 (5). SX2 Media Labs: 178 et seq – via Gale.
  17. ^ O'Brien, Bill (April 1992). "Gateway 33MHz 386". Computer Shopper. 12 (4). SX2 Media Labs: 206 – via Gale.
  18. ^ Needleman, Ted (April 1994). "Is Pentium the Ultimate Accounting PC?". Accounting Technology. 10 (4). Faulkner & Gray: 27 – via ProQuest.
  19. ^ a b Crawford, Walt (March 1998). "Little Things Mean a Lot: Worthwhile PC Gadgets". Online. 22 (2): 45–50 – via ProQuest.
  20. ^ Staff writers (January 25, 1996). "Lab Test: 90 and 100MHz Pentium". PC User (251). EMAP Media: 75 et seq – via Gale.
  21. ^ Grevstad, Eric (October 1992). "Gateway 2000 486DX2/50 ISA". Computer Shopper. 12 (10). SX2 Media Labs: 159 – via Gale.
  22. ^ a b c Sides, Joyce (November 1991). "Gateway 2000 386SX-16". Compute! (135). ABC Publishing: 34–35 – via the Internet Archive.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gateway 2000 386 Computer System User's Guide. Gateway 2000. November 1991 – via the Internet Archive.
  24. ^ a b Norton, Peter (1995). Peter Norton's Inside the PC. Sams Publishing. ISBN 9780672306242 – via the Internet Archive.
  25. ^ Walter, Russell M. (2000). The Secret Guide to Computers. Russell Walter Publications. p. 76. ISBN 9780939151271 – via the Internet Archive.
  26. ^ Barkakati, Nabajyoti (1996). Linux Secrets. IDG Books Worldwide. p. 394. ISBN 156884798X – via the Internet Archive.
  27. ^ Brouwer, Andries (2002). "17. Changing the keyboard repeat rate". The Linux Documentation Project. TDLP.org. Archived from the original on July 11, 2002.
  28. ^ Hyman, Michael I. (1995). PC Roadkill. Programmers Press. p. 225. ISBN 9781568843483 – via Google Books.
  29. ^ Kraynak, Joe (1998). The Complete Idiot's Guide to PCs. Que. p. 21. ISBN 9780789716316 – via the Internet Archive.
  30. ^ Bigelow, Stephen J. (1997). PC Hardware FAT FAQs: Troubleshooting, Upgrading, Maintaining, and Repairing. McGraw-Hill. p. 429. ISBN 9780070369399 – via the Internet Archive.
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