Prunus subg. Padus
| Prunus subg. Padus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Prunus virginiana | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Prunus |
| Subgenus: | Prunus subg. Padus (Mill.) Peterm. |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Prunus subg. Padus is a subgenus of Prunus, characterised by having racemose inflorescences. Padus was originally a distinct genus, but genetic and morphological studies have shown that Padus is polyphyletic.[1][2] It has been proposed that all the racemose taxa within Prunus (Padus, Maddenia, Laurocerasus and Pygeum) are incorporated into a broad-sense Prunus subg. Padus.[3]
Padus is the Latin name for the Po River.[4] The term Padus (παδος) in reference to the plant comes from the Greek father of botany, Theophrastus, meaning "from the River Po."[5][6][7]
Species
[edit]Padus
[edit]Species formerly included in the genus Padus are mostly incorporated into this subgenus, except P. maackii and P. xingshanensis which are included in Prunus subg. Cerasus.[8] They are deciduous and have small, sour fruit usually only palatable to birds, hence the name bird cherries. Bird cherries are native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere, including:[9][1]
- Prunus alabamensis – Alabama black cherry, Southeastern United States
- Prunus brachypoda – China
- Prunus brunnescens – Sichuan and Yunnan
- Prunus buergeriana – Buerger's bird cherry, East Asia and Himalaya
- Prunus cornuta – Himalayan bird cherry, Himalaya
- Prunus grayana – Gray's bird cherry, China and Japan
- Prunus gyirongensis entire-leaved bird cherry, Tibet
- Prunus napaulensis Nepalese bird cherry, China and Himalaya
- Prunus obtusata - China
- Prunus padus – bird cherry or Eurasian bird cherry, Eurasia
- Prunus perulata – Sichuan and Yunnan
- Prunus serotina – black cherry, North America
- Prunus ssiori – Hokkaido bird cherry, Japan and Sakhalin
- Prunus stellipila – China
- Prunus velutina – China
- Prunus virginiana – chokecherry, North America
- Prunus wilsonii – Wilson's bird cherry, China
Maddenia
[edit]Species formerly included in the genus Maddenia (Chinese: 假稠李, false bird cherries, or 臭樱, odorous cherries) form a monophyletic group. They are similar to bird cherries but lack petals. There are five species:[10][11][12]
- Prunus fujianensis – Fujian false bird cherry, southeastern China
- Prunus gongshanensis – Gongshan false bird cherry, southwestern China
- Prunus himalayana – Himalayan false bird cherry, southwestern China, Myanmar, Himalaya
- Prunus hypoleuca (synonyms: , Prunus incisoserrata) – false bird cherry, China
- Prunus hypoxantha – Sichuan false bird cherry, western to central China
Laurocerasus
[edit]Species formerly included in the genus Laurocerasus (cherry laurels) are evergreen. Examples are:
- Prunus amplifolia
- Prunus brittoniana
- Prunus caroliniana
- Prunus ilicifolia
- Prunus integrifolia
- Prunus javanica
- Prunus laurocerasus
- Prunus lusitanica
- Prunus myrtifolia
- Prunus oblonga
- Prunus occidentalis
- Prunus oleifolia
- Prunus phaeosticta
- Prunus reflexa
- Prunus spinulosa
- Prunus tucumanensis
- Prunus undulata
Pygeum
[edit]The Pygeum group is monophyletic if P. africana (possibly as well as P. crassifolia) is excluded. All the species formerly included in the genus Pygeum, except P. africana (and P. crassifolia), are native to tropical Asia and Oceania. They are similar to cherry laurels but lack petals. Examples are:[13]
- Prunus africana
- Prunus arborea
- Prunus ceylanica
- Prunus costata
- Prunus crassifolia
- Prunus dolichobotrys
- Prunus gazelle-peninsulae
- Prunus grisea
- Prunus lancilimba
- Prunus malayana
- Prunus oligantha
- Prunus oocarpa
- Prunus polystachya
- Prunus pullei
- Prunus schlechteri
- Prunus turneriana
- Prunus wallaceana
References
[edit]- ^ a b Liu, Xiao-Lin; Wen, Jun; Nie, Ze-Long; Johnson, Gabriel; Liang, Zong-Suo; Chang, Zhao-Yang (2013-05-01). "Polyphyly of the Padus group of Prunus (Rosaceae) and the evolution of biogeographic disjunctions between eastern Asia and eastern North America". Journal of Plant Research. 126 (3): 351–361. doi:10.1007/s10265-012-0535-1. ISSN 1618-0860. PMID 23239308. S2CID 5991106.
- ^ Zhao, Liang; Jiang, Xi-Wang; Zuo, Yun-juan; Liu, Xiao-Lin; Chin, Siew-Wai; Haberle, Rosemarie; Potter, Daniel; Chang, Zhao-Yang; Wen, Jun (2016-06-13). "Multiple events of allopolyploidy in the evolution of the racemose lineages in Prunus (Rosaceae) based on integrated evidence from nuclear and plastid data". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0157123. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1157123Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157123. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4905661. PMID 27294529.
- ^ Shi, Shuo; Li, Jinlu; Sun, Jiahui; Yu, Jing; Zhou, Shiliang (2013). "Phylogeny and classification of Prunus sensu lato (Rosaceae)". Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 55 (11): 1069–1079. doi:10.1111/jipb.12095. ISSN 1744-7909. PMID 23945216.
- ^ "Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Pădus". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-13.
- ^ Linné, Carl von (1737). Hortus Cliffortianus: plantas exhibens quas in hortis tam vivis quam siccis, Hartecampi in Hollandia, coluit ... Georgius Clifford ... reductis varietatibus ad species, speciebus ad genera, generibus ad classes, adjectis locis plantarum natalibus differentiisque specierum. Cum tabulis aeneis (in Latin). Amstelaedami [Amsterdam]: [s.n.] p. 185.
- ^ Miller, Philip (1754). The gardeners dictionary: containing the methods of cultivating and improving all sorts of trees, plants, and flowers, for the kitchen, fruit, and pleasure gardens, as also those which are used in medicine: with directions for the culture of vineyards, and making of wine in England. Vol. v.3 (The fourth edition, corrected and enlarged. ed.). London: Printed for the author and sold by John and James Rivington. p. 1.
- ^ Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press. p. 287.
- ^ 李朝銮; 蒋舜媛 (1998-07-10). "杏属和樱属植物新组合". 植物分类学报 (in Chinese). 36 (4): 367–372. ISSN 1674-4918.
- ^ "Padus in Flora of China". eFloras.org. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
- ^ Chin, Siew-Wai; Wen, Jun; Johnson, Gabriel; Potter, Dan (2010-11-01). "Merging Maddenia with the morphologically diverse Prunus (Rosaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 164 (3): 236–245. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01083.x. ISSN 0024-4074.
- ^ Wen, Jun; Shi, Wenting (2012-04-17). "Revision of the Maddenia clade of Prunus (Rosaceae)". PhytoKeys (11): 39–59. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.11.2825. ISSN 1314-2003. PMC 3332034. PMID 22577333.
- ^ Su, Na; Liu, Bin-bin; Wang, Jun-ru; Tong, Ru-chang; Ren, Chen; Chang, Zhao-yang; Zhao, Liang; Potter, Daniel; Wen, Jun (2021). "On the species delimitation of the Maddenia group of Prunus (Rosaceae): Evidence from plastome and nuclear sequences and morphology". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12: 743643. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.743643. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 8542774. PMID 34707629.
- ^ Zhao, Liang; Potter, Daniel; Xu, Yuan; Liu, Pei-Liang; Johnson, Gabriel; Chang, Zhao-Yang; Wen, Jun (2018). "Phylogeny and spatio-temporal diversification of Prunus subgenus Laurocerasus section Mesopygeum (Rosaceae) in the Malesian region". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 56 (6): 637–651. doi:10.1111/jse.12467. ISSN 1759-6831.
External links
[edit]- North Dakota State University agriculture information page about Prunus virginiana [1]