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Beykoz

Coordinates: 41°08′03″N 29°05′32″E / 41.13417°N 29.09222°E / 41.13417; 29.09222
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Beykoz
District and municipality
Map showing Beykoz District in Istanbul Province
Map showing Beykoz District in Istanbul Province
Beykoz is located in Turkey
Beykoz
Beykoz
Location in Turkey
Beykoz is located in Istanbul
Beykoz
Beykoz
Beykoz (Istanbul)
Coordinates: 41°08′03″N 29°05′32″E / 41.13417°N 29.09222°E / 41.13417; 29.09222
CountryTurkey
ProvinceIstanbul
Government
 • MayorAlaattin Köseler[1] (CHP)
Area
310 km2 (120 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[2]
247,875
 • Density800/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC 3 (TRT)
Area code0216
Websitewww.beykoz.bel.tr

Beykoz (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈbejkoz]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.[3] Its area is 310 km2,[4] and its population is 247,875 (2022).[2] It lies at the northern end of the Bosphorus on the Anatolian side. The name is believed to be a combination of the words bey and kos, which means "village" in Farsi.[5] Beykoz includes an area from the streams of Küçüksu and Göksu (just before Anadoluhisarı) to the opening of the Bosphorus into the Black Sea, and the villages in the hinterland as far as the Riva creek. Before the Turkish alphabet reform of 1928, it was sometimes Latinized variously as Beicos or Beikos.

History

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The mouth of the Bosphorus in ancient times was used as a place of sacrifice, specifically to petition the Twelve Olympians, including Zeus and Poseidon, for a safe journey across the Black Sea, without which no one would venture into those stormy waters.[6]

The first people to settle the upper Bosphorus were Thracians and Greeks, and the ancient name for the area was Amikos (Αμικός in Greek) or Amnicus (Αμνικός), named after a Thracian king. However, the area has changed hands many times since. As well as being a strategically important crossing point, the Bosphorus is rich in fish. Consequently, Beykoz has been invaded by groups from around and beyond the Black Sea: Thracians, Bithynians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and finally Turks.

In the Ottoman period, the land behind Beykoz was open country and forest used for hunting and an escape from the city by the Sultans and their court. The hunting lodge at Küçüksu, as well as the fountains and mosques that decorate the villages along the coast, date from this era. The name Beykoz was established at this time and is thought to be derived from Bey (meaning prince, lord, or gentleman) and Koz (the Persian word for village). Koz is also a word for a type of walnut, which is another possible etymology.[7]

Under Turkish control, the straits have retained their strategic value, and British troops assembled in Beykoz on their way to fight in the Crimea in 1854.[8]

Later attempts were made to bring industry to the area, most importantly the glassworks at Paşabahçe, which began as small workshops in the 17th century and by the 18th and 19th centuries were a well-established factory making the ornate spiral-designed or semi-opaque white glassware known to collectors worldwide as 'Beykoz-ware'.

On the hillsides above the Bosphorus, Beykoz has always suffered from uncontrolled development, and large areas above the Bosphorus are covered in illegal housing, where migrants have come to live and work in glass and other industries.[9] Areas like Çubuklu and Paşabahçe are continually struggling to build infrastructure to keep up with the housing being built illegally or semi-legally. Due to this incoming industrial workforce Beykoz has a working-class character unseen behind the luxury of the Bosphorus waterfront.

Now the illegal building is happening in the forests further back from the sea, particularly in the areas of Çavuşbaşı and Elmalı. This countryside is scattered with little villages, all of which are expanding now that more roads are being put through.

Not all the new housing is scrappy, and Beykoz holds some of the most luxurious new developments in the Istanbul area, the villa estates of Acarkent and Beykoz Konaklar, home to filmstars, members of parliament, and other Istanbul glitterati.[10]

Beykoz has a small fishing community (although the main fishing fleet is based in Istanbul itself). The fish restaurants at Anadolu Kavağı in particular have sprung up to serve day trippers from the Bosphorus tours by ferryboat.[11]

Cultural Sites

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Ottoman era yalı houses in Kanlıca, Beykoz, on the Anatolian shore of the Bosphorus strait.
Küçüksu Pavilion
Anadoluhisarı fort as seen from the coast
Egyptian Khedive Palace Entrance
The main gate of Yoros Castle

The Bosphorus coastal road runs up to Beykoz from Beylerbeyi (below the Bosphorus Bridge) and there are roads down to the coast from the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge as well. The district can also be reached by a ferry over the water from Eminönü, Beşiktaş. Smaller boats go from Yeniköy to Beykoz, Bebek or Emirgan to the neighborhoods of Kanlıca and Anadolu Hisarı.

Three of the most distinctive buildings from Bosphorus to Beykoz include Küçüksu Palace, a classic Ottoman imperial hunting lodge, the castle of Anadolu Hisarı, and older site which was constructed by the Ottomans during the buildup to the conquest to secure the Bosphorus for the Turkish armies; The final and most recent, near Kanlıca, is Khedive Palace, built in 1907 as the holiday home of the Khedive of Egypt. Khedive Palace is now a restaurant set in a park. Kanlıca and Anadolu Hisarı are villages with cafes on the waterfront popular among tourists.

Along the coast are some of the most expensive and largest houses in the city, some of which are homes of elite Turkish politicians. Some of the grandest of the huge wooden Ottoman seaside houses called yalı can be found from Anadolu Hisarı up to Beykoz itself. As well as the obvious attraction of living by the water the large areas of forest parkland on hillside along much of this coast make the Beykoz waterfront a peaceful retreat from the city. But the water is the clincher: the scent of the sea coming off the Bosphorus, people fishing, the huge ships sliding by, the sound of foghorns in the evening; no wonder the restaurants and nightclubs on the shore are the classiest in the city, and the coast before Beykoz has its share of these - clubs such as Hayal Kahvesi or Club 29 in Çubuklu, restaurants such as Körfez or Lacivert (both near Anadolu Hisarı).

Much of the coast is built on unfortunately, and the buses that drive the coast road are a law unto themselves but there are still plenty of spots on the waterfront to eat, drink, fish, or just sit. In places such as Yalıköy, there are boats moored up selling grilled mackerel.

Polish festival in Polonezköy (meaning Polish Village), located at a densely forested area of Beykoz (Polonezköy Nature Park).

In Beykoz city center itself there is a large park on the hillside (Beykoz Korusu), and a number of attractive Ottoman fountains. The town centre also has a village feel to it, with smallish, aging buildings, many of them houses rather than blocks of flats, especially on the hills that climb up away from the coast. Being far from city infrastructure, public transit is taking time to arrive, but the general peacefulness of neighbourly relations and the possibility of a Bosphorus view more than compensate.

Beyond Beykoz, there are large areas of forested countryside, where the people of Istanbul come for picnics on weekends. This is when Beykoz suffers some of the traffic congestion that plagues the city as a whole.

Some popular picnic spots include: The upper Bosphorus villages of Anadolu Kavağı, Anadolufeneri, and Poyrazköy. In Anadolufeneri, the historical lighttower Anadolu Feneri can be visited. Kavak being particularly popular as the last stop on the Bosphorus ferry cruises, where people stop to eat fish and walk up to the castle on the hill. Fener and Poyraz are smaller but very pleasant fishing villages; The Black Sea village of Riva; where you can swim but you must be careful as this is near the mouth of the Bosphorus and sometimes there are dangerous currents which causes risk of drowning.

The inland around and between Cumhuriyet Köyü, Alibahadır, Değirmendere, Akbaba, Dereseki, and Polonezköy are all popular retreats, and new roads were paved to service the luxury housing that is going up in places. Construction of the third bridge on the Bosporus, Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, and the second one to run through Beykoz district, further caused prices of real estate to soar.

There are a number of tombs of Muslim saints and holy places that also attract visitors, particularly the tomb of Joshua on a hill just before Anadolu Kavağı. The grave is that of Prophet Yusha, the successor to Prophet Musa.

Neighbourhoods in Beykoz

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There are 45 neighbourhoods in Beykoz District:[12]

Education

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Beykoz district is home to three universities, Istanbul Medipol University, Turkish-German University and Beykoz University.[13][14]

References

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  1. ^ "T.C. Beykoz Belediyesi Resmi Web Sitesi".
  2. ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  3. ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  4. ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Tarihçemiz". www.beykoz.gov.tr. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
  6. ^ Moreno, Alfonso (2008). "HIERON: The Ancient Sanctuary at the Mouth of the Black Sea" (PDF). Hesperia. 77 (4): 655–709. doi:10.2972/hesp.77.4.655 – via American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA).
  7. ^ "Koz Ne Demek, TDK Sözlük Anlamı Nedir? Koz Olarak Kullanmak Ne Demek?". Milliyet (in Turkish). 2021-08-05. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
  8. ^ Badem, Candan (2010-04-27). "The Ottoman Crimean War". Brill.
  9. ^ Erbil, Tansel; Yalçıntan, Murat Cemal; Öngel, Serkan; İngin, Betül; Ökdemir, Elif Sidar; Ceylan, Hande; Ak, Ayşecan Hazal; Hatipoğlu, İsra (2019). Beykoz ve Sarıyer Gecekondu Mahallelerinde Sanayi ve Emek Coğrafyasının Dönüşümü (Report). MSGSÜ Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü.
  10. ^ Üstündağ, Mehmet (2020-10-05). "Acarkent'te ev tuttular". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-10-30.
  11. ^ "Anadolu Kavağı yakınlarındaki restoranlar". Tripadvisor. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
  12. ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  13. ^ "Ulaşım ve İletişim". medipol.edu.tr. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
  14. ^ "İletişim". www.tau.edu.tr. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
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