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Space Launch Delta 45

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Space Launch Delta 45
Emblem of Space Launch Delta 45
Founded12 November 1991;
33 years
1 October 1949
(as Air Force Division, Joint Long Range Proving Ground)
11 May 2021 (SLD 45)
Country United States
Branch United States Space Force
TypeDelta
RoleSpace launch
Part of Space Systems Command
HeadquartersPatrick Space Force Base, Florida, U.S.
Motto(s)Control of the battlefield begins here [1]
Decorations
Meritorious Unit Commendation (Navy)

Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

Air Force Organization Excellence Award[2]
Websitewww.patrick.spaceforce.mil
Commanders
Commander Brig Gen Kristin Panzenhagen
Vice Commander for OperationsCol Meredith S. Beg
Vice Commander for SupportCol Christopher D. Bulson[3]
Senior Enlisted LeaderCMSgt Susan A. Sparks[4]
Insignia
Guidon

The Space Launch Delta 45 (SLD 45) is a unit of the United States Space Force. The Space Launch Delta 45 is assigned to Space Systems Command and headquartered at Patrick Space Force Base, Florida. The wing also controls Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. The 45th Space Delta is responsible for all space launch operations from the East Coast. It manages the Eastern Range, including launch activities for the Space Force, Department of Defense (DoD), NASA, and other private space corporations.

Operations

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The Space Launch Delta 45 (SLD 45) is one of two space launch wings for the U.S. Space Force, being responsible for executing military, intelligence, civil, and commercial space launches using the Eastern Range. Primary launch vehicles include the Atlas V, Delta IV Heavy, Pegasus, Minotaur, Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy, and Boeing X-37 rockets. It also supports U.S. Navy Trident II D5 ballistic missile tests and evaluation.[1]

The Space Launch Delta 45 (SLD 45) is the host wing for Patrick Space Force Base and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, providing base support for NASA, the Air Force's Technical Applications Center and 920th Rescue Wing, and U.S. Navy's Naval Ordnance Test Unit.[5]

Shield

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45th Space Wing shield

The blue is used to symbolize the sky and space, while the gold is used to symbolize the excellence required to conduct successful range operations. Dividing the shield horizontally, across its right half, is a line of "Ts", which were adopted from previous patches reflecting the history of the wing's installations as a test center for missiles and space vehicles. In the center of the shield, a large aquamarine and light blue globe represents Earth. A smaller globe, in the same colors, symbolizes the moon and other planets. Nine pimento red flight arrows indicated the normal equatorial departure routes for missiles and space vehicles on the Eastern Range. They also symbolize travel to other planets, as depicted by the smaller globe. Red was chosen for the flight arrows to indicate the stresses of launch and space flight and the heat of re-entry into Earth's atmosphere. A string of white "clouds" across the center of the large globe represent abnormal conditions, weather and radiation with which range personnel have to contend. The cloud symbol is also interpreted as the string of radomes and theodolites located throughout the Eastern Range.[1]

History

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Air Force Division, Joint Long Range Proving Ground (1949–1950)

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The Air Force Division, Joint Long Range Proving Ground was established on 1 October 1949. Assigned to Headquarters Command, the Air Force Division include the 4800th Guided Missile Wing, which was gained on 30 December 1950. The Air Force Division, Joint Long Range Proving Ground managed the proving ground for Air Force, Army, and Navy activities, while also running the Air Force's guided missile test program at the facility.[1][2]

Long Range Proving Ground Division (1950–1951)

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On 16 May 1950 the Air Force Division, Joint Long Range Proving Ground was redesignated as the Long Range Proving Ground Division and reassigned from Headquarters Command to Air Research and Development Command. This renaming was directly in response to the Defense Department changed the status of guided missile testing centers from joint service commands to individual service responsibilities.[1][2]

Air Force Missile Test Center (1951–1964)

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Launch of the Freedom 7 on 5 May 1961, which was the first crewed spaceflight for the United States.

Less than a year later, on 30 June 1951, the Long Range Proving Ground Division was redesignated again, becoming the Air Force Missile Test Center, gaining the 6541st Missile Test Wing, later redesginated as the 6541st Operations Group (Range). The 4800th Guided Missile Wing would also experience redesignation as the 6555th Guided Missile Wing and then as the 6555th Guided Missile Group. Starting in 1955 it would have the 6555th Test Group (Missile) and in 1959 the 6555th Guided Missiles Group (Test and Evaluation) assigned to the center. In 1951 the 1st Pilotless Bomber Squadron would briefly be assigned to the center. Starting in 1954 the 6550th Operations Squadron and 6555th Guided Missile Squadron (later 6555th Guided Missiles Squadron) would also be assigned to the center to assist in its test duties. In 1955 the 6550th Test Group (Missile) was briefly assigned to the Air Force Missile Test Center. In 1961 Air Force Missile Test Center's higher headquarters would change from Air Research and Development Command to Air Force Systems Command[2]

Throughout the 1950s and 1960s the Air Force Missile Test Center would begin to build permanent launch complexes on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The Air Force Missile Test Center performed launch tests of early Air Force missiles, such as the SM-65 Atlas, HGM-25A Titan I, and PGM-17 Thor. These missiles would all be modified into future space launch vehicles.[1]

Air Force Eastern Test Range (1964–1977)

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On 15 May 1964, the Air Force Missile Test Center was redesignated as the Air Force Eastern Test Range (AFETR),[note 1] managing all missile and space launches from the East Coast of the United States, specifically out of Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. It was reassigned to Air Force Systems Command's National Range Division. While the Air Force Eastern Test Range managed the range, launches themselves were managed by the Space Systems Division's 6555th Aerospace Test Wing. In addition to performing national security space launches, the Air Force Eastern Test Range also supported all NASA launches out of Kennedy Space Center, including Project Mercury, Project Gemini, and the Apollo program.[6][7]

The Air Force Eastern Test Range also continued to provide joint testing support for the Navy, which performed test launches of their submarine-launched ballistic missiles from the Eastern Test Range. Air Force Systems Command resumed direct oversight of the Air Force Eastern Test Range on 1 February 1972, before inactivating the range on 1 February 1977 and centralizing its management through the Space and Missile Systems Organization's Space and Missile Test Center.[6][2]

Eastern Space and Missile Center (1979–1991)

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In 1979, the Space and Missile Test Center was reorganized, becoming the Space and Missile Test Organization and the Air Force Eastern Test Range was reestablished on 1 October 1970 as the Eastern Space and Missile Center (ESMC), with the 6555th Aerospace Test Group subordinate to it. The Eastern Space and Missile Center assumed responsible for all range management and launch functions, including the management of telemetry stations at Antigua and Ascension Island.[6][1]

On 1 October 1979, the Space and Missile Test Organization was inactivated and the Eastern Space and Missile Center was directly subordinated to the Space Systems Division. A year later Air Force Systems Command began to transition the space launch mission to Air Force Space Command. On 1 October 1990, the Eastern Space and Missile Systems Center transferred to Air Force Space Command's 9th Space Division. After the 9th Space Division was inactivated on 1 October 1991, the Western Space and Missile Systems Center directly reported to Air Force Space Command.[6][2]

45th Space Wing (1991–2021)

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On 12 November 1991, as part of a larger Air Force heritage initiative, the Eastern Space and Missile Center was redesignated as the 45th Space Wing (45 SW), with the 45th Operations Group assuming the lineage of the World War II-era 45th Bombardment Group (Medium). The Eastern Test Range was also renamed as the Eastern Range, to emphasize its operational nature. On 1 July 1993, the 45th Space Wing was assigned to the newly reactivated Fourteenth Air Force.[2]

On 1 December 2003, the 45th Launch Group was activated to manage launch operations. On 31 July 2018, the 45th Launch Group was remerged with the 45th Operations Group in an effort to streamline Air Force Space Command organizations.[2][8]

The first launch under the 45th Space Wing was STS-44, with the Atlantis deploying a Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite. The 45th Space Wing also supported a number of other firsts, such as the 22 May 2012 launch of SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 2, which was the first commercial vehicle to dock with the International Space Station. On 21 December 2015, the 45th Space Wing supported the first rocket landing, with Falcon 9 flight 20 landing at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Landing Zone 1.[1]

On 20 December 2019, the 45th Space Wing, along with the rest of Air Force Space Command became part of the United States Space Force. The Fourteenth Air Force was redesignated as Space Operations Command, which the 45th Space Wing remained assigned to.[9]

Structure December 2020: 45th Operations Group (45 OG)[1]

45th Mission Support Group (45 MSG)

45th Medical Group (45 MDG)

45th Comptroller Squadron (45 CPTS)

Space Launch Delta 45 (2021-present)

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Upon the activation of Space Systems Command, the 45th Space Wing will transfer over from Space Operations Command and be renamed Space Launch Delta 45.[10] The transition is performed on 11 May 2021.

Commanders

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Commander, 45th Space Wing

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No. Commander Term
Portrait Name Took office Left office Duration
45th Space Wing
1
Jimmey R. Morrell
Morrell, Jimmey R.Brigadier General
Jimmey R. Morrell
23 September 199130 June 19931 year, 280 days
2
Robert S. Dickman
Dickman, Robert S.Major General
Robert S. Dickman
30 June 199324 January 19951 year, 208 days
3
Donald G. Cook
Cook, Donald G.Brigadier General
Donald G. Cook
30 June 199328 August 19952 years, 59 days
4
Robert C. Hinson
Hinson, Robert C.Brigadier General
Robert C. Hinson
28 August 199527 March 19971 year, 211 days
5
F. Randall Starbuck
Starbuck, F. RandallBrigadier General
F. Randall Starbuck
27 March 199720 August 19992 years, 146 days
6
Donald P. Pettit
Pettit, Donald P.Brigadier General
Donald P. Pettit
20 August 19997 June 20022 years, 291 days
7
J. Gregory Pavlovich
Pavlovich, J. GregoryBrigadier General
J. Gregory Pavlovich
7 June 200226 August 20042 years, 80 days
8
Mark H. Owen
Owen, Mark H.Colonel
Mark H. Owen
26 August 200421 June 20061 year, 299 days
9
Susan J. Helms
Helms, Susan J.Brigadier General
Susan J. Helms
21 June 200628 October 20082 years, 129 days
10
Edward L. Bolton Jr.
Bolton, Edward L. Jr.Brigadier General
Edward L. Bolton Jr.
28 October 200812 February 20101 year, 107 days
11
B. Edwin Wilson
Wilson, B. EdwinBrigadier General
B. Edwin Wilson
12 February 201030 August 20111 year, 199 days
12
Anthony J. Cotton
Cotton, Anthony J.Brigadier General
Anthony J. Cotton
30 August 201112 June 20131 year, 286 days
13
Nina Armagno
Armagno, Nina M.Brigadier General
Nina Armagno
12 June 20134 August 20152 years, 53 days
14
Wayne Monteith
Monteith, WayneBrigadier General
Wayne Monteith
4 August 201523 August 20183 years, 19 days
15
Douglas Schiess
Scheiss, Douglass A.Brigadier General
Douglas Schiess
23 August 20184 December 20202 years, 103 days
-
Brande H. Walton
Walton, Brande H.Colonel
Brande H. Walton
Acting
4 December 20205 January 202132 days
16
Stephen G. Purdy
Purdy, Stephen G. Jr.Brigadier General
Stephen G. Purdy
5 January 202111 May 2021126 days
Space Launch Delta 45
16
Stephen G. Purdy
Purdy, Stephen G. Jr.Major General
Stephen G. Purdy
11 May 202130 June 20232 years, 50 days
17
Kristin Panzenhagen
Panzenhagen, Kristin L.Brigadier General
Kristin Panzenhagen
30 June 2023Incumbent1 year, 156 days

See also

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References

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Notes

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Explanatory notes
  1. ^ The Air Force Eastern Test Range should not be confused with a similarly named unit, the Eastern Test Range, which was activated at Patrick AFB on 1 February 1977 and assigned to the Eastern Space and Missile Center, this unit became the 45th Range Squadron on 12 November 1991, when it was assigned to the 45th Operations Group. It was inactivated on 1 December 2003.
Citations
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "45th Space Wing > Home". www.patrick.spaceforce.mil. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "45 Space Wing (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  3. ^ "Christopher D. Bulson".
  4. ^ "Space Launch Delta 45 Leadership". U.S. Space Force. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  5. ^ "Space Launch Delta 45 > Home". Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d "Los Angeles Air Force Base > Home" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  7. ^ "Apollo 11 and the Air Force". 18 July 2019. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  8. ^ "45th Launch Group Inactivated, Combines Launch Mission and Personnel with 45th Operations Group". spacecoastdaily.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  9. ^ "14th Air Force redesignated as Space Operations Command". U.S. Air Force. 30 December 2019. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  10. ^ "USSF Unveils Space Systems Command's Structure". 8 April 2021. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
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