1920 in music
| By location |
|---|
| By genre |
| By topic |
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ... |
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1920.
Specific locations
[edit]Specific genres
[edit]Events
[edit]- January 19 – The Salzburg Festival is revived.[1]
- September 4 – City of Birmingham Orchestra (England) first rehearses (in a city police bandroom). Later this month, its first concert, conducted by Appleby Matthews, opens with Granville Bantock's overture Saul; in November it gives its "First Symphony Concert" when Edward Elgar conducts a programme of his own music in Birmingham Town Hall.
- November 15 – First complete public performance of Gustav Holst's suite The Planets given in London by the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Albert Coates.
- December 4 – Première of the opera Die tote Stadt by 23-year-old Erich Wolfgang Korngold. It later becomes known that the librettist, "Paul Schott", is Korngold's father Julius.
- December 30 – Pearl Hamilton (later with the Three X Sisters), plays piano with small jazz ensemble to appreciative audience at the Star Theater in New York City.
- Mamie Smith's first blues recordings become a hit, alerting record companies to the African American market.
- Hamilton Harty is appointed resident conductor of the Hallé Orchestra.
- Henri Sauguet forms Groupe des Trois (the Group of Three) along with Louis Emié and Jean-Marcel Lizotte.
- The Central Band of the Royal Air Force is formed in Britain.
- The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra launches its Mahler festival.
- Gabriel Fauré retires from the Paris Conservatoire, and is awarded the Grand-Croix of the Légion d'Honneur.
Publications
[edit]- Stewart Macpherson – Melody and Harmony, Book 1. London: Stainer & Bell.
Published popular music
[edit],_by_Richard_A._Whiting_and_Raymond_B._Egan.jpg)
- "After You Get What You Want, You Don't Want It" w.m. Irving Berlin
- "All She'd Say Was "Umh Hum"" w.m. King Zany, Mac Emery, Gus Van & Joe Schenck
- "All The Boys Love Mary" Gus Van & Joe Schenck
- "Aunt Hagar's Blues" w.m. W. C. Handy
- "Avalon" w.m. B. G. DeSylva, Al Jolson & Vincent Rose
- "Blue Jeans" w. Harry D. Kerr, m. Lou Traveller
- "Bright Eyes" w. Harry B. Smith m. Otto Motzan & M. K. Jerome
- "Broadway Rose" w. Eugene West m. Martin Fried & Otis Spencer
- "Chanson" m. Rudolf Friml
- "Chili Bean" w. Lew Brown m. Albert Von Tilzer
- "Crazy Blues" w.m. Percy Bradford
- "The Cuckoo Waltz" w. Arthur Kingsley m. J. E. Jonasson
- "Daddy, You've Been A Mother To Me" w.m. Fred Fisher
- "Do You Ever Think Of Me?" w. John Cooper & Harry D. Kerr m. Earl Burtnett
- "Down By The O-HI-O (I've Got The Sweetest Little O, My ! O ! )" w. Jack Yellen m. Abe Olman
- "Feather Your Nest" w.m. James Kendis, James Brockman & Howard Johnson
- "The Gipsy Warned Me" w.m. R. P. Weston & Bert Lee
- "Great Camp Meeting Day" w. Noble Sissle
- "He Went In Like A Lion (And Came Out Like A Lamb)" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry von Tilzer
- "Home Again Blues" w.m. Harry Akst & Irving Berlin
- "I Belong to Glasgow" w.m. Will Fyffe
- "I Never Knew I Could Love Anybody Like I'm Loving You" w.m. Tom Pitts, Raymond B. Egan & Roy Marsh
- "I Used To Love You, But It's All Over Now" w. Lew Brown m. Albert Von Tilzer
- "I'd Love To Fall Asleep And Wake Up In My Mammy's Arms" w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. Fred E. Ahlert
- "I'll Be With You In Apple Blossom Time" w. Neville Fleason m. Albert Von Tilzer
- "I'll See You In C-U-B-A" w.m. Irving Berlin
- "In a Persian Market" m. Albert William Ketèlbey
- "The Japanese Sandman" w. Raymond B. Egan m. Richard A. Whiting
- "Jellybean" by Jimmie Dupre, Sam Rosen, and Joe Verges
- "Kalua" w. Anne Caldwell m. Jerome Kern
- "La Veeda" w. Nat Vincent m. John Alden
- "Left All Alone Again Blues" w. Anne Caldwell m. Jerome Kern
- "Little Town In The Ould County Down" w. Richard Pascoe m. Monte Carlo & Alma Saunders
- "Look for the Silver Lining" w. B. G. DeSylva m. Jerome Kern
- "The Love Boat" by Gene Buck
- "Love Nest" w. Otto Harbach m. Louis A. Hirsch
- "Margie" w. Benny Davis m. Con Conrad & J. Russel Robinson
- "Mary" w. Otto Harbach m. Louis A. Hirsch
- "My Little Bimbo Down On A Bamboo Isle" w. Grant Clarke w. Walter Donaldson[2]
- "My Mammy" w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. Walter Donaldson
- "My Man" w. (Eng) Channing Pollock (Fr) Albert Willemetz & Jacques Charles m. Maurice Yvain
- "O'er The Hills To Ardentinny" w.m. Harry Lauder
- "Old Pal Why Don't You Answer Me" w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. M. K. Jerome
- "Pale Moon" w. Jesse Glick m. Frederick Knight Logan
- "Palesteena" w.m. Con Conrad & J. Russell Robinson
- "Polly" w. Leo Wood m. Jack Richmond
- "Pretty Kitty Kelly" w. Harry Pease m. Ed G. Nelson
- "Rose Of Washington Square" w. Ballard MacDonald m. James F. Hanley
- "San" w.m. Lindsay McPhail & Walter Michels
- "So Long, Oo Long" w. Bert Kalmar m. Harry Ruby
- "Tell Me Little Gypsy" w.m. Irving Berlin
- "That Old Irish Mother Of Mine" w. William Jerome m. Harry Von Tilzer
- "Wang Wang Blues" w. Leo Wood m. Gus Mueller, Buster Johnson & Henry Busse
- "When My Baby Smiles At Me" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Billy Munro
- "Where Do They Go When They Row, Row, Row?" w. Bert Kalmar & George Jessel, m. Harry Ruby
- "Whispering" w. Malvin Schonberger m. John Schonberger
- "White Army, Black Baron" w. Pavel Grigor'ev, m. Samuel Pokrass
- "Whose Baby Are You?" w. Anne Caldwell m. Jerome Kern
- "Wild Rose" w. Clifford Grey m. Jerome Kern
- "A Young Man's Fancy" w. John Murray Anderson & Jack Yellen m. Milton Ager
Top Popular Recordings 1920
[edit]The following songs achieved the highest positions in Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954 and record sales reported on the "Discography of American Historical Recordings" website during 1920:[3] Numerical rankings are approximate, they are only used as a frame of reference.
| Rank | Artist | Title | Label | Recorded | Released | Chart Positions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Selvin's Novelty Orchestra | "Dardanella"[4] | Victor 18633 | November 20, 1919 | January 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #1, US #1 for 13 weeks, 24 total weeks, 1-6 million sold[5] |
| 2 | Paul Whiteman and His Ambassador Orchestra | "Whispering"[6] | Victor 18690 | August 23, 1920 | November 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #2, US #1 for 11 weeks, 20 total weeks, National Recording Registry 2019, 2,000,000 sales[5] |
| 3 | Al Jolson | "Swanee"[7] | Columbia 2884 | January 9, 1920 | April 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #3, US #1 for 9 weeks, 18 total weeks, National Recording Registry 2004 |
| 4 | Ted Lewis and His Band | "When My Baby Smiles at Me" | Columbia 2908 | January 12, 1920 | April 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #4, US #1 for 7 weeks, 18 total weeks |
| 5 | John Steel | "The Love Nest" | Victor 24871 | November 9, 1920 | November 24, 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #5, US #1 for 7 weeks, 12 total weeks |
| 6 | Art Hickman and His Orchestra | "Hold Me"[8] | Columbia 2899 | September 25, 1919 | May 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #6, US #1 for 3 weeks, 14 total weeks |
| 7 | Marion Harris | "St. Louis Blues" | Victor 24871 | February 15, 1920 | April 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #7, US #1 for 3 weeks, 14 total weeks |
| 8 | Paul Whiteman and His Ambassador Orchestra | "The Japanese Sandman" | Victor 18690 | August 23, 1920 | November 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #8, US #1 for 3 weeks, 14 total weeks |
| 9 | Al Jolson | "I've Got My Captain Working for Me Now" | Columbia 2794 | September 15, 1919 | December 1919 | US Billboard 1920 #9, US #1 for 2 weeks, 7 total weeks |
| 10 | Art Hickman and His Orchestra | "The Love Nest" | Columbia 2955 | June 11, 1920 | September 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #10, US #1 for 2 weeks, 6 total weeks |
| 11 | Edith Day (Rosario Bourdon Orchestra) | "Alice Blue Gown" | Victor 45176 | January 26, 1920 | April 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #11, US #1 for 1 weeks, 9 total weeks |
| 34 | Isham Jones Rainbo Orchestra | "Kismet" | Brunswick 5021 | June 1, 1920 | September 1920 | US Billboard 1920 #34, US #4 for 1 weeks, 5 total weeks |
Classical music
[edit]- Granville Bantock – Arabian Nights
- Béla Bartók – Eight Improvisations on Peasant Songs
- Arnold Bax – Phantasy for viola and orchestra
- Arthur Bliss – The Tempest, overture and interludes;
- Concerto for piano, tenor voice, strings and percussion
- Rout (for soprano and chamber orchestra)
- Ernest Bloch – Violin Sonata No. 1
- Max Bruch - String Octet
- Ferruccio Busoni – Piano Sonatina No. 6 (Fantasia da camera super Carmen),
- Divertimento for flute and orchestra
- Frederick Delius – Hassan
- George Enescu – String Quartet No. 1 in E-flat major, Op. 22, No. 1
- Gabriel Fauré – Masques et Bergamasques
- Johan Halvorsen – Norwegian Rhapsody No. 2
- Arthur Honegger – Pastorale d'été
- Viola Sonata
- Cello Sonata
- Leoš Janáček – Ballad of Blanik (symphonic poem)
- Darius Milhaud – Ballade (for piano and orchestra)
- Le Boeuf sur le toit (ballet),
- Francis Poulenc – Five Impromptus for Piano, Suite in C Major for Piano
- Sergei Prokofiev – Five Songs without Words (for voice and piano)
- Maurice Ravel – La Valse
- Sonata for violin and cello
- Camille Saint-Saëns - Odelette in D major Op. 162
- Erik Satie – La Belle excentrique
- Dmitri Shostakovich – Five Preludes for piano
- Igor Stravinsky – Concertino for string quartet,
- Ralph Vaughan Williams – The Lark Ascending
- Mass in G minor
- Heitor Villa-Lobos – Symphony No. 5, "A paz" (Peace)
Opera
[edit]- Vincent D'Indy – The Legend of St. Christoper
- Clemens Freiherr von Franckenstein – Li-Tai-Pe
- Henry Hadley – Cleopatra's Night
- Leoš Janáček – The Excursions of Mr. Broucek on the Moon and in the 15th Century
- Erich Korngold – Die tote Stadt
- Ruggiero Leoncavallo – Edipo Re
- Afgar Broadway production opened at the Central Theatre on November 8 and ran for 168 performances
- As You Were Broadway revue by Arthur Wimperis opened at the Central Theatre on January 27 and ran for 143 performances. Starring Sam Bernard, Irene Bordoni, Clifton Webb and Hugh Cameron.
- The Beggar's Opera London production opened at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith on June 5 and ran for 1,463 performances
- Die Blaue Mazur (The Blue Mazurka) (Music by Franz Lehár), Vienna
- George White's Scandals Of 1920 Broadway revue opened at the Globe Theatre on June 7 and ran for 134 performances
- The Gingham Girl Broadway production (music by Albert Von Tilzer) at the Central Theatre ran for 322 performances
- Irene London production opened at the Empire Theatre on April 7 and ran for 399 performances
- Johnny Jones London production opened at the Alhambra Theatre on June 1 and ran for 349 performances
- Jumble Sale London revue opened at the Vaudeville Theatre on December 16 and ran for 176 performances
- Just Fancy London production opened at the Vaudeville Theatre on March 26 and ran for 332 performances
- Der letzte Walzer (The Last Waltz) (Music by Oscar Straus), Berlin
- A Little Dutch Girl opened at the Lyric Theatre on December 1 and ran for 207 performances
- The Night Boat Broadway production opened at the Liberty Theatre on February 2 and ran for 318 performances. Jeanette MacDonald made her first Broadway appearance as a member of the chorus.
- A Night Out London production opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on September 18 and ran for 309 performances
- Sally Broadway production opened at the New Amsterdam Theatre on December 21 and ran for 570 performances
- The Shop Girl London revival opened at the Gaiety Theatre on March 25 and ran for 327 performances
- Tickle Me ( Music: Herbert P. Stothart) Broadway production opened at the Selwyn Theatre on August 17 and ran for 207 performances. Starring Louise Allen, Allen Kearns and Frank Tinney.
- Tip Top Broadway production opened at the Globe Theatre on October 5 and ran for 241 performances
- Ziegfeld Follies of 1920 Broadway revue opened at the New Amsterdam Theatre on June 22 and ran for 123 performances, but ran most years until 1927.
Births
[edit]- January 1
- José Antonio Bottiroli, Argentine composer and poet (d. 1990)[9]
- Virgilio Savona, Italian singer and songwriter (Quartetto Cetra) (d. 2009)
- Mahmoud Zoufonoun, Iranian-American violinist (d. 2013)
- January 3 – Renato Carosone, Italian musician and singer (d. 2001)
- January 5 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, pianist (d. 1995)[10]
- January 8 – Josef Josephi, Polish-born singer and actor (b. 1852)
- January 14
- Cris Alexander, American actor, singer, dancer, designer, and photographer (d. 2012)
- Salvador Flores Rivera, Mexican composer and singer (d. 1987)[11]
- January 16 – Claude Abadie, French jazz clarinetist (died 2020)
- January 18 – Jan Van Halen, musician, father of Eddie and Alex Van Halen (d. 1986)
- January 24 – Hilario González, Cuban composer, pianist, musicologist, music educator, and music critic (d. 1999)[12]
- February 2
- Heikki Suolahti, Finnish composer (d. 1936)
- Yuriko Amemiya, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2022)
- February 7 – Oscar Brand, Canadian-born American folk singer, songwriter and author (d. 2016)
- February 12 – Yoshiko Yamaguchi, Chinese-Japanese actress and singer (d. 2014)[13]
- February 13
- Boudleaux Bryant, American songwriter (d. 1987)
- Eileen Farrell, American soprano (d. 2002)
- February 14 – Albert J. McNeil, American choral conductor, ethnomusicologist and author (d. 2022)
- February 18 – Rolande Falcinelli, organist, pianist and composer (d. 2006)
- February 23 – Hall Overton, composer, jazz pianist and music teacher (d. 1972)
- February 26 – Henri Crolla, jazz guitarist and film composer (d. 1960)
- February 28 – Albert Elms, light music composer (d. 2009)[14]
- March 10 – Boris Vian, French writer, poet, singer and musician (d. 1959)[15]
- March 16 – John Addison, British film composer (d. 1998)[16]
- March 17 – John La Montaine, American composer (d. 2013)
- March 22 – Fanny Waterman, pianist and music educator (d. 2020)
- March 23 – Geoffrey Bush, British composer, writer and broadcaster (d. 1998)
- April 7 – Ravi Shankar, Indian sitarist (d. 2012)[17]
- April 12
- The Cox Twins, music hall entertainers (Frank, d. 2007; Fred, d. 2013)
- Anita Ellis, Canadian-American singer and actress (d. 2015)[18]
- April 21 – Bruno Maderna, conductor and composer (d. 1973)
- April 23 – Louis Barron, film composer (d. 1989)[19]
- April 27 – Guido Cantelli, Italian conductor (d. 1956)[20]
- April 29 – Harold Shapero, composer (d. 2013)
- May 2 – Jean-Marie Auberson, violinist and conductor (d. 2004)
- May 4 – Ronald Chesney, harmonica player and comedy scriptwriter (d. 2018)
- May 13 – Gareth Morris, flautist (d. 2007)[21]
- May 18 – Lucia Mannucci, Italian singer (Quartetto Cetra) (d. 2012)
- May 20 – Betty Driver, British singer and actress (d. 2011)[22]
- May 21 – Bill Barber, jazz musician (d. 2007)
- May 23 – Helen O'Connell, American big band singer (d. 1993)[23]
- May 26 – Peggy Lee, singer and songwriter (d. 2002)[24]
- June 6
- Dino Asciolla, violinist (d. 1994)
- Jan Rubeš, Czech-Canadian bass opera singer, actor (d. 2009)[25]
- Robert Turner, composer (d. 2012)
- June 10 – Bonnie Davis, R&B singer (d. 1976)
- June 11 – Hazel Scott, jazz/classical pianist and singer (d. 1981)
- June 19 – Johnny Douglas, film composer and conductor (d. 2003)
- June 20 – Danny Cedrone, American guitarist and bandleader (d. 1954)
- June 25 – Ozan Marsh, American concert pianist (d. 1992)
- June 26 – Leonid Hambro, pianist (d. 2006)
- July 1 – Amália Rodrigues, Portuguese singer and actress (d. 1999)
- July 13
- Anna Halprin, American dancer (d. 2021)
- Don Ralke, American music arranger (d. 2000)
- July 14 – Marijohn Wilkin, American country and gospel songwriter (d. 2006)
- July 19 – Robert Mann, American violinist (d. 2018)[26]
- July 20
- Carmen Carrozza, Italian-born American accordionist (d. 2013)
- Thanga Darlong, Indian folk musician (d. 2023)
- July 21
- Isaac Stern, Ukrainian-born violinist (d. 2001)[27]
- Manuel Valls, Spanish composer (d. 1984)
- July 23 – Amália Rodrigues, Portuguese fado singer and actress (d. 1999)[28]
- July 31 – Walter Arlen, Austrian-born American composer (d. 2023)
- August 7 – Françoise Adret, French ballet dancer, choreographer (d. 2018)
- August 8
- Leo Chiosso, Italian lyricist (d. 2006)
- Jimmy Witherspoon, blues singer (d. 1997)
- August 26 – Emil Cadkin, film composer (d. 2020)
- August 29 – Charlie Parker, jazz musician (d. 1955)[29]
- September 3 – Chabuca Granda, Peruvian singer and composer (d. 1983)
- September 7 – Al Caiola, American guitarist, composer, arranger (d. 2016)[30]
- September 14 – Cascarita [a.k.a. Orlando Guerra], Cuban music singer (d. 1975)
- September 17 – Jean Perrin, composer (d. 1989)
- September 23
- Alexander Arutiunian, Armenian composer (d. 2012)[31]
- Mickey Rooney, actor and entertainer (d. 2014)
- September 25 – Anne Triola, American actress, singer and musician (d. 2012)
- September 28 – Irma Baltuttis, singer and entertainer (d. 1958)
- October 5 – Vincent DeRosa, American musician (d. 2022)
- October 9 – Yusef Lateef, American jazz musician and composer (d. 2013)[32]
- October 13 – Albert Hague, songwriter (d. 2001)
- October 24 – Steve Conway, British singer (d. 1952)[33]
- October 27 – Nanette Fabray, actress and singer (d. 2018)
- October 31 – Joseph Gelineau, French composer (d. 2008)
- November 23 – Enrico De Angelis, Italian singer and entrepreneur (d. 2018)
- December 6 – Dave Brubeck, jazz pianist (d. 2012)[34]
- December 13 – Teo Usuelli, Italian film composer (d. 2009)
- December 14 – Clark Terry, American jazz musician and composer (d. 2015)[35]
- December 19 – Little Jimmy Dickens, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2015)[36]
- December 31 – Rex Allen, American actor, singer and songwriter (d. 1999)[37]
Deaths
[edit]- January 8 – Maud Powell, violinist (b. 1867; heart attack)
- January 16 – Reginald De Koven, US music critic and composer (b. 1859)[38]
- January 18 – Giovanni Capurro, poet, co-writer of "O Sole Mio" (b. 1859)
- January 21 – John Henry Maunder, composer (b. 1858)
- January 24 – William Percy French, songwriter (b. 1854; pneumonia)
- February 2 – Theo Marzials, singer and composer (b. 1850)
- February 11 – Gaby Deslys, dancer and actress (b. 1881; Spanish flu)
- February 12 – Émile Sauret, violinist and composer (b. 1852)
- February 23 – Alexander Ilyinsky, music teacher and composer (b. 1859)
- March 20 – Eva Mylott, operatic contralto (b. 1875; domestic accident)
- April 4 – Carl Bohm, pianist and composer (b. 1844)
- April 8 – Charles Griffes, composer (b. 1884; Spanish flu)[39]
- April 19 – Mathilde Mallinger, lyric soprano (b. 1847)
- May 6 – Hortense Schneider, operatic soprano (b. 1833)
- May 25 – Georg Jarno, composer of operettas (b. 1868)
- May 28 – Hardwicke Rawnsley, hymn-writer (b. 1851; heart attack)
- June 27 – Adolphe-Basile Routhier, lyricist (b. 1839)
- June 28 – Pauline Rita, singer and actress (b. c.1842; long illness)
- July 17 – Dorothy Goetz, first wife of Irving Berlin (b. 1892; typhoid)
- July 26 – Carlos Troyer, composer (b. 1837)
- August 13 – Carlos Hartling, German-born composer of the Honduras national anthem (b. 1869)
- August 29 – Gustav Jenner, composer and conductor (b. 1865)
- October 1 – Vladimir Rebikov, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1866)
- October 2 – Max Bruch, composer (b. 1838)[40]
- October 16 – Alberto Nepomuceno, composer and conductor (b. 1864)
- November 6 – Maria Waldmann, operatic mezzo-soprano associated with Verdi (b. 1844)
- December 14 – George J. Gaskin, singer (b. 1863)
- December 31 – Paloke Kurti, Albanian composer (b. 1860)[41]
References
[edit]- ^ Christopher Fifield (1993). True Artist and True Friend: A Biography of Hans Richter. Clarendon Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-19-816157-8.
- ^ Arnold Shaw (1989). The Jazz Age: Popular Music in the 1920's. Oxford University Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-19-506082-9.
- ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Record Research.
- ^ "Victor matrix B-23344. Dardanella / Selvin's Novelty Orchestra - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-26.
- ^ a b Murrells, Joseph (1978). The book of golden discs. Internet Archive. London : Barrie & Jenkins. ISBN 978-0-214-20512-5.
- ^ "Victor matrix B-24393. Whispering / Ambassador Orchestra ; Paul Whiteman - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-26.
- ^ "Columbia A2884 (10-in. double-faced) - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
- ^ "Columbia matrix 78694. Hold me / Art Hickman's Orchestra - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-26.
- ^ Otero, Ana María (1999). Diccionario de la Música Española e Hispanoamericana (PDF). Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina: Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (SGAE). p. 661. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ^ Bryce Morrison (20 January 2001). "Michelangeli, Arturo Benedetti". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.18592. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- ^ "Chava Flores's 97th Birthday". Google. 14 January 2017.
- ^ Victoria Eli Rodríguez (2001). "González, Hilario". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46050.
- ^ Yoshiko Yamaguchi; Sakuya Fujiwara (28 February 2015). Fragrant Orchid: The Story of My Early Life. University of Hawaii Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8248-5404-1. - Wikipedia article on book: Fragrant Orchid: The Story of My Early Life
- ^ "Albert Elms: light music composer". The Times. 11 November 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ Alfred Cismaru (1974). Boris Vian. Twayne Publishers. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8057-2951-1.
- ^ Randel, Don Michael, ed. (1996). "Addison, John". The Harvard biographical dictionary of music. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press. pp. 5. ISBN 0-674-37299-9.
- ^ Ram Avtar (1987). History of Indian Music and Musicians. Pankaj Publications. p. 92. ISBN 978-81-87155-64-5.
- ^ Roger D. Kinkle (1997). Leading Musical Performers (popular Music and Jazz) 1900-1950: 2150 Biographies Updated to 1996 with Additions and Corrections. Windmill Publications. p. 100.
- ^ "Louis Barron; Made Music Electronically". The New York Times. November 17, 1989.
- ^ Walter Legge (1998). Walter Legge: Words and Music. Psychology Press. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-415-92108-4.
- ^ "Gareth Morris". The Daily Telegraph. London. 10 March 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Betty Driver; Daran Little (2000). Betty: The Autobiography. Granada Media. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-233-99780-3.
- ^ The Annual Obituary - Louise Mooney Collins, Roland Turner - 1993 Page 693 "HELEN O'CONNELL American Singer Born Lima, Ohio, 23 May 1920 Died San Diego, California, 9 September 1993 A ... O'Connell was also the affable host of the Miss Universe Pageant for nine years, and was the longtime television ... "
- ^ Robert Strom (2005). Miss Peggy Lee: A Career Chronicle. McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7864-1936-4.
- ^ John A. Willis (1997). John Willis' Theatre World. Crown Publishers. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-55783-250-4.
- ^ New York Philharmonic (1956). Programs. Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York.
- ^ Bambarger, Bradley (6 October 2001). "Isaac Stern: Artist And Leader". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 8.
- ^ Harris M. Lentz (1998). Obituaries in the Performing Arts. McFarland & Company. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-7864-0748-4.
- ^ Johnson Publishing Company (January 1989). Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 132.
- ^ Norm N. Nite; Wolfman Jack (1982). Rock on: The solid gold years. Harper & Row. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-06-181642-0.
- ^ Overture: The Magazine of the Baltimore Symphony. Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Association. 1979. p. 8.
- ^ Jack Salzman; David L. Smith; Cornel West (1996). Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Macmillan Library Reference. p. 1579. ISBN 978-0-02-897365-4.
- ^ "Steve Conway Biography, Songs, & Albums". AllMusic. Retrieved 2021-09-23.
- ^ The Book of Golden Discs. Barrie & Jenkins. 1978. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-214-20480-7.
- ^ Neela Debnath (February 22, 2015). "Clark Terry dead: Grammy-winning trumpet player dies aged 94". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ Kurt Wolff (2000). Country Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-85828-534-4.
- ^ Michael McCall; John Rumble; Paul Kingsbury (1 February 2012). The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Oxford University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-19-992083-9.
- ^ David Mason Greene; Constance Green (1985). Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. p. 857. ISBN 978-0-385-14278-6.
- ^ University of Michigan. School of Music (1945). School of Music Programs. University of Michigan School of Music. p. 83.
- ^ Chicago Symphony Orchestra (1947). Program Notes. Orchestral Association. p. 513.
- ^ Eno Koço (2004). Albanian Urban Lyric Song in the 1930s. Scarecrow Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-8108-4889-4.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Music in 1920.