X.com was an American online bank founded by Ed Ho, Harris Fricker, Elon Musk, and Christopher Payne in 1999 in Palo Alto, California. It merged with competitor Confinity in 2000 and the merged company changed its name to PayPal in 2001. Starting in 2023, the x.com internet domain name began to be used for Twitter, which was acquired by Elon Musk in 2022 and subsequently rebranded to X.
| Company type | Private |
|---|---|
| Founded | March 1999 Palo Alto, California, U.S. |
| Founders |
|
| Defunct | 2000 |
| Fate | Merged March 2000 with Confinity to form PayPal; URL reused in 2023 for Twitter rebrand to X |
| Successor | PayPal |
| Website | x.com (archived) |
Business model
editX.com developed and operated a financial services website with banking services provided by First Western National Bank, an FDIC-insured bank in La Jara, Colorado.[1] The company was initially funded by Elon Musk and Greg Kouri, who went on to fund Musk's later ventures: Tesla and SpaceX.[2]
Customers were not assessed fees or overdraft penalties. New member referrals were rewarded with a $20 cash card and a $10 card for each new sign-up. These features were unique for their time. For instance, customers could send money to another person by entering their email address into X.com.[3] Additionally, customers could open an account strictly with online registration with no need to mail a check.[4]
History
editMusk commented in a 1999 interview with CBS MarketWatch: "I think we're at the third stage now where people are ready to use the Internet as their main financial repository."[4]
In January 1999, Musk sold his company Zip2 to Compaq. A month later, Musk invested about $12 million into co-founding X.com in March 1999 with Harris Fricker, Christopher Payne, and Ed Ho.[5][6] Fricker worked with Musk when Musk was an intern at the Bank of Nova Scotia, Payne was a friend of Fricker, and Ho was an engineer at Silicon Graphics and executive at Zip2.[7] The company was initially run from a house before moving to an office in Palo Alto.[8]
Due to conflict on how to run the company, Musk fired Fricker five months after X.com had started, and the other two co-founders, Payne and Ho left consequently. [9][10]
X.com officially launched on December 7, 1999, with former Intuit CEO Bill Harris serving as the inaugural CEO.[11][4] Within two months, X.com attracted over 200,000 signups.[12]
In March 2000, X.com merged with its fiercest competitor Confinity, a software company also based in Palo Alto which had developed an easy payment system named Paypal. The new company took PayPal's name.[13] Musk was its biggest shareholder and was appointed as its CEO. Started in 1998, PayPal enabled users with PalmPilots to send money to each other through the devices' infrared ports.[14][15] Subsequently, PayPal developed to allow users to send money using email and the web.[15]
In September 2000, when Musk was in Australia for a honeymoon trip, the X.com board voted for a change of CEO from Musk to Peter Thiel, the co-founder of Confinity. In June 2001, the x.com domain was changed to PayPal.com.[16]
Domain name
editIn July 2017, PayPal sold the domain x.com back to Elon Musk.[17] Starting in 2023, x.com began being used by Twitter which had been acquired by Musk in 2022 and subsequently rebranded to X.[18][19]
References
edit- ^ Markoff, John (January 28, 2000). "Security Flaw Discovered at Online Bank". The New York Times. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
- ^ Hull, Dana (August 13, 2012). "Grieg Kouri, early investor in PayPal, dies in New York". San Jose Mercury News. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
- ^ Vance 2017, p. 84.
- ^ a b c Tolliver, Craig (December 10, 1999). "X.com opens its virtual doors". CBS MarketWatch. Archived from the original on March 2, 2000. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- ^ Vance 2017, pp. 78–81.
- ^ Soni 2022, p. 52.
- ^ Vance 2017, pp. 80–82.
- ^ Vance 2017, pp. 81–82.
- ^ Vance 2017.
- ^ Soni 2022.
- ^ "X.com Names Names Bill Harris President and CEO". X.com. December 7, 1999. Archived from the original on March 3, 2000. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- ^ Vance 2017, pp. 84–85.
- ^ Vance 2017, p. 86.
- ^ Chafkin 2021, pp. 51–52.
- ^ a b Vance 2017, p. 85.
- ^ Vance 2017, pp. 88–89.
- ^ Statt, Nick. "Elon Musk now owns X.com, the defunct domain of his second startup". CNBC. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
- ^ Mac, Ryan; Hsu, Tiffany (July 24, 2023). "From Twitter to X: Elon Musk Begins Erasing an Iconic Internet Brand". The New York Times. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
- ^ Irina Ivanova (July 31, 2023). "Twitter is now X. Here's what that means". CBS News. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
Further reading
edit- Chafkin, Max (2021). The Contrarian: Peter Thiel and Silicon Valley's Pursuit of Power. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-1-9848-7853-3. OCLC 1241240936.
- Soni, Jimmy (2022). The Founders: The Story of Paypal and the Entrepreneurs Who Shaped Silicon Valley. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-5011-9725-3. OCLC 1310245824.
- Vance, Ashlee (2017) [2015]. Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future (2nd ed.). New York: Ecco. ISBN 978-0-06-230125-3. OCLC 1050341708.
