Winifred Mayo born Winifred Monck Mason (8 November 1869 – 18 February 1967) was a British actor, director, translator and suffragette. She was a co-founder of the Actresses' Franchise League and the secretary of the Six Point Group which called for social reform.
Winifred Mayo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Winifred Monck Mason 8 November 1869 |
| Died | 18 February 1967 (aged 97) |
| Nationality | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Known for | actor, suffragette and social reform |
Life
editMayo was born in Mumbai in 1869. Her parents were Alice Portia (born Wolley) and Thomas Monck-Mason. Her father, who was a civil servant, died in 1874 and Mayo was educated in Britain. In 1881 her family were living in Bath. Her siblings were Roger Henry, Edith Mary and Thomas George. Her sister Dorothea died when young.[1] The family lived in Exmouth in Devon where Mayo did her first acting.[2] By the twentieth century Mayo and her mother were living in London.[1]
Actor and director
editMayo co-directed and starred in Rosina Filippi's adaptation of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. The play was called The Bennets and it was performed at the Royal Court Theatre in a special matinee on 29 March 1901.[3] She co-directed the play with Harcourt Williams. Williams appeared as Mr. Darcy[3] and Mayo played Elizabeth Bennet. The play was well received to a full house with both Mayo and Williams' noted for their able performances.[4]
Mayo's next project was not so successful. She decided to translate Gabriele d'Annunzio's play La Giaconda which had been written for the leading Italian actress Eleonora Duse. The play involved a love triangle where a husband is torn between the love of his wife and that of his muse. A review in The Era newspaper in 1907 suggested it would not appeal to "healthy-minded" British citizens.[5] In the same year she and her mother joined the Women’s Social and Political Union's branch in Kensington.[6]
Suffragette
editIn 1908 she was part of the suffragette's militant campaign.[1] She joined the deputation that went from Caxton Hall to the House of Commons and as a result she was sentenced to six weeks in prison. She wrote an account of this for "The Idler".[7] In 1908 she wrote about her prison experience[8] and she co-founded the Actresses' Franchise League with Gertrude Elliott, Adeline Bourne and Sime Seruya at a meeting in London's Criterion Restaurant.[9][10] The league's work included helping those who needed to speak publicly and also giving advice on make-up and clothing to suffragettes who were trying to avoid attention (and arrest).[8] She was arrested again in 1909 and 1910 but she was not charged.[7]
No. 93 Oakley Street, Chelsea was home to several suffragettes on 2 April 1911, who refused to complete the 1911 census because "If women don’t count, neither shall they be counted".[11] However, the enumerator was able to confirm from the neighbours that the head of the house was Mrs Monck Mason, who lived there with her daughter, her sister, and two servants.[11]
In 1911/12 the suffragettes intensified their campaign to include breaking windows. Mayo was involved and she broke a window at the Guard's Club and while arrested she broke another. She was sentenced to a fortnight in jail, but she later recalled that some of the guard officers were interested enough to attend a suffragette meeting,[8] In 1912 her mother was also arrested for a similar offence.[7]
Reformer
editThe Six Point Group was founded by Lady Rhondda in 1921 to make changes to British law. The membership included many ex-suffragettes and suffragists and the secretary for the first five years was Mayo.[6] In December 1932 the group was invited to talk to the Ministry of Labour and the deputation consisted of the MP Eleanor Rathbone, Eva Hubback of the National Union for Equal Citizenship, Rae Strachey for the Women's National Service League and Mayo.[6]
In 1958 Mayo was interviewed by the BBC where she recounted her time as a suffragette including the attack on the Guard's Club.[12]
She died aged 97 on 18 February 1967 and her obituary noted her devotion to social reform.[2]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Miss Winifred Mayo". The Dinner Puzzle. 2018-06-02. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
- ^ a b "Monck-Mason, Miss Winifred Alice, professional name, Winifred Mayo | Devon History Society". Retrieved 2023-05-28.
- ^ a b Looser, Devoney (2017). The Making of Jane Austen. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-1421422824.
- ^ The Croydon Guardian (6 April 1901)
- ^ The Era (14 December 1907)
- ^ a b c "Winifred Mayo". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
- ^ a b c Crawford, Elizabeth (2003-09-02). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-43401-4.
- ^ a b c Looser, Devoney (2017-06-27). The Making of Jane Austen. JHU Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-4214-2282-4.
- ^ Crawford, Elizabeth (2001). Actresses' Franchise League, in The Women's Suffrage Movement. Routledge. pp. 4–5.
- ^ Gordon, Peter (2001). Dictionary of British women's organisations, 1825-1960. David Doughan. London: Woburn Press. ISBN 0-7130-0223-9. OCLC 45356652.
- ^ a b "The Suffragettes of Oakley Street". house-historian.co.uk. 12 February 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
- ^ "Winifred Mayo". BBC Archive. Retrieved 2023-05-28.