The Wagaydyic languages (nowadays more often referred to as the Anson Bay languages[1]) are a pair of closely related but otherwise unclassified Australian Aboriginal languages: the moribund Wadjiginy (also known as Wagaydy and Batjamalh) and the extinct Kandjerramalh (Pungupungu).
| Wagaydyic | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Daly River |
| Linguistic classification | Northern Daly ? |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | None wadj1254 (covered by Wadjiginy) |
Tryon (1980) notes that the two languages are 79% cognate based on a 200-item wordlist, but there are serious grammatical differences that prevent them from being considered dialects of a single language.[2][3]
The unattested Giyug may have been a dialect of Wadjiginy or otherwise related.[4]
The Wagaydyic languages have previously been classified with Malak-Malak into a Northern Daly family, but similarities appear to be due to lexical and morphological borrowing from Malak-Malak, at least in Wadjiginy.[citation needed]
Vocabulary
editThe following basic vocabulary items of Wadjiginy and Pungupungu are from Tryon (1968).[5]
no. gloss Wadjiginy Pungupungu 1 head biǰæ pœǰæ 2 hair mæræbiǰæ mæræpœǰæ 3 eyes mibæ mibæ 4 nose wiǰa wuǰæ 5 ear bibara pibæræ 6 tooth diRæ diRæ 7 tongue ŋadal ŋadal 8 shoulder čælmæ čælmæ 9 elbow čin čin 10 hand ŋælæ ŋælæ 11 breasts wiŋ wïŋ 12 back bæbæra raɲ 13 belly dawara wunæ 14 navel ǰœrač čœrač 15 heart čœnmanaǰ dœpmadœpma 16 urine kæwælæč kawalač 17 excrete guk kuk 18 thigh bælæm pædlæm 19 leg kæræl kæræl 20 knee karaŋok miraŋok 21 foot čœt čœt 22 skin yæræɲ yæræɲ 23 fat wudæwæl wœdawæl 24 blood kawæɲ kawaɲ 25 bone bwik bwik 26 man ŋanaŋ ŋanaŋ 27 woman ŋawolaŋ ŋawalaŋ 28 father bapa papalak 29 mother kalaŋ kalaŋ 30 grandmother makaŋ æčæ 31 policeman wænæn dukmækæ 32 spear wælæra wælæræ 33 woomera kalan kalan 34 boomerang wiɲiŋgiɲ wïɲïŋgïɲ 35 nullanulla langur langur 36 hair-belt bulkaŋ pulkaŋ 37 canoe wutïŋge winæ 38 axe ličpuruk ličpurp 39 dilly bag wargade waRgade 40 fire wiɳ win 41 smoke wïɳgal wungæl 42 water wiyïk wik 43 cloud guk pærk 44 rainbow banaŋak pulipuli 45 barramundi pænŋat pænŋæt 46 sea ŋalgïn ŋalgïn 47 river čakaR wikmagat 48 stone maŋ maŋ 49 ground wut wut 50 track kal kæl 51 dust bœnaŋ pœnaŋ 52 sun gæyïk kayïk 53 moon kara kalakkalak 54 star mœrtæ mœrta 55 night ŋuraǰa ŋurïnǰe 56 tomorrow yiɲmæk yiɲmæk 57 today ŋaR ŋær 58 big pamalaŋ pamalaŋ 59 possum čædæræč čaǰɛdač 60 dog moyiɲ moyiɲ 61 tail kalpæ kælpæ 62 meat mæǰæm mæǰæm 63 snake kulgamalaŋ walan 64 red kangaroo muǰ kænga 65 porcupine nïminïŋač mænɛŋɛč 66 emu ŋœrœn ŋœrœčul 67 crow wak wak 68 goanna ŋaran ŋaran 69 blue tongue lizard bwikmidaŋ wirič 70 mosquito wœRaŋ wœraŋ 71 sugar-bag činæɲ činiɲ 72 camp rak ræk 73 black kalalk kalalk 74 white baybaymalaŋ baybaymalaŋ 75 red wïrewïre wurewure 76 one ŋanǰič ŋanǰič 77 two bakatamalaŋ parkataŋgæɲ 78 when? ænæɲ anikinæ 79 what? ɲinič ɲinič 80 who? naga naga 81 I ŋaǰa ŋæǰæ 82 you kænæ kænæ 83 he ǰamoyič čamoyič 84 grass wœrak wœrak 85 vegetable food mænæɲ mænæɲ 86 tree wiɳ wiɳ 87 leaf kalkal kalkal 88 pandanus ɲïŋarač nurač 89 ironwood mælæ mælæ 90 ripe baramuŋ paramuŋ 91 good čarakɔ čarakɔ 92 bad čalkma čalkma 93 blind kulyuk kuluk 94 deaf ŋamama ŋamama 95 saliva wudak wudak
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Nordlinger, Rachel. 2017. "The languages of the Daly River region (Northern Australia)." In Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, & Nicholas Evans (eds.), Oxford handbook of polysynthesis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ N11 Pungupungu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Tryon, Darrell. 1980. "Pungupungu and Wadyiginy: Typologically Constrastive Dialects." In Bruce Rigsby and Peter Sutton (eds.), Papers in Australian Linguistics No.~13: Contributions to Australian Linguistics, 277-287. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
- ^ N226 Giyug at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Tryon, Darrell T. "The Daly River Languages: A Survey". In Aguas, E.F. and Tryon, D. editors, Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 3. A-14:21-49. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968. doi:10.15144/PL-A14.21