The voiced palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʎ̝⟩, though in extIPA ⟨𝼆̬⟩ is preferred. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L_r.
| Voiced palatal lateral fricative | |
|---|---|
| ʎ̝ | |
| 𝼆̬ | |
| IPA number | 157 429 |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | L_r |
This sound is not known to occur as a phoneme in any language, but it does occur as an allophone of /ʎ/ in Italian and Jebero.[1][2]
Features
editFeatures of the voiced palatal lateral fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
edit| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italian | Many accents[1] | figlio | [ˈfiʎ̝ːo] | 'son' | Approximant [ʎ] in other accents. See Italian phonology |
| Jebero[2] | [iˈʎ̝apa] | 'shotgun' | Dentoalveolo-palatal. Occasional allophone of /ʎ/; only lightly fricated.[2] | ||
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Ashby (2011:64): "(...) in a large number of Italian accents, there is considerable friction involved in the pronunciation of [ʎ], creating a voiced palatal lateral fricative (for which there is no established IPA symbol)."
- ^ a b c Valenzuela & Gussenhoven (2013), p. 101.
References
edit- Ashby, Patricia (2011), Understanding Phonetics, Understanding Language series, Routledge, ISBN 978-0340928271
- Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Gussenhoven, Carlos (2013), "Shiwilu (Jebero)" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 97–106, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000370