Wikipedia

Visa requirements for Turkish citizens

This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 December 2024.

Visa requirements for Turkish citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Turkey.

Turkish passport

There are four types of Turkish passports: Ordinary Passport, Special Passport, Service Passport and Diplomatic Passport.

Visa requirements map

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Visa requirements for holders of Turkish ordinary passports
  Republic of Turkey
  ID card travel
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

As of 2024, Turkish citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 118 countries and territories, ranking the Turkish passport 52nd in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Turkey is the only EU candidate country whose citizens are still required visas for their travels to the European Union member countries. Turkish passport, along with Russian passport, is the highest ranking passports whose holders are still required visas for their travels to the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada.

Visa requirements

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Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
  Afghanistan Visa required[2]
  Albania Visa not required[3] 90 days
  Algeria Visa required[4]
  Andorra Visa required[5] 90 days
  • Because this landlocked country has no airport of its own, you need to arrive in France or Spain first and visas are required to enter into these countries.
  Angola Visa not required[6] 30 days
  • Maximum 3 entries per calendar year[7]
  Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[8] 180 days
  Argentina Visa not required[9] 90 days
  Armenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[10][11] 120 days
  Australia Visa required[12][13]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
  Austria Visa required[14]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Azerbaijan Visa not required[16] 90 days
  • ID card valid.[17]
  • If staying more than 15 days, visitors staying outside hotels must register with local police.
  Bahamas Visa not required[18] 8 months
  Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[19] 14 days
  Bangladesh Visa on arrival[20] 30 days
  Barbados Visa not required[21] 6 months
  Belarus Visa not required[22] 30 days
  Belgium Visa required[23]
  • Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
  Belize Visa not required[25] 90 days
  Benin eVisa[26][27] 30 days
  Bhutan eVisa[28][29]
  Bolivia Visa not required[30] 90 days
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[31] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
  Botswana Visa not required[32] 90 days
  Brazil Visa not required[33] 90 days
  Brunei Visa not required[34] 30 days
  Bulgaria Visa required[35]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Burkina Faso eVisa required[36][37]
  Burundi Visa on arrival[38] 1 month
  Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[39][40] 30 days
  Cameroon eVisa[41][42]
  Canada Visa required[43]
  • Permanent residents of the United States are not required a visitor visa for Canada.[44]
  Cape Verde Visa on arrival[45]
  Central African Republic Visa required[46]
  Chad Visa required[47]
  Chile Visa not required[48] 90 days
  China Visa required[49]
  Colombia Visa not required[53] 90 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-day stay within a 1-year period.
  Comoros Visa on arrival[54] 45 days
  Republic of the Congo Visa required[55]
  Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[56][57] 7 days
  Costa Rica Visa not required[58] 90 days
  Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[59][60] 3 months
  Croatia Visa required[61]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Cuba eVisa[62] 90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
  Cyprus Visa required[63]
  • Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
  Czech Republic Visa required[64]
  • Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
  Denmark Visa required[65]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  • Turkish citizens who are residing and employed in Turkey, and who can be designated as a service provider, can enter Denmark without a visa if the purpose of the stay in Denmark is to provide a service of short duration.[66]
  Djibouti eVisa[67][68] 90 days
  Dominica Visa not required[69] 21 days
  Dominican Republic Visa not required[70] 90 days
  Ecuador Visa not required[71] 90 days
  Egypt Visa on arrival[72][73]
  • Visa not required when travelling as part of the tourist group that consists of at least 10 persons.
  • Visa may be granted on arrival for USD25.[74][75]
  El Salvador Visa not required[76] 3 months
  Equatorial Guinea Visa not required[77] 90 days
  Eritrea Visa required[78]
  Estonia Visa required[79]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Eswatini Visa not required[80] 30 days
  Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[81][82] up to 90 days
  Fiji Visa not required[83] 4 months
  Finland Visa required[84]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  France Visa required[85]
  • Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
  Gabon eVisa[86][87] 90 days
  Gambia Visa required[88]
  Georgia Visa not required[89] 360 days[90]
  Germany Visa required[92]
  • Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
  Ghana Visa required[93]
  Greece Visa required[94]
  Grenada Visa required[98]
  Guatemala Visa not required[99] 90 days
  Guinea eVisa[100][101] 90 days
  Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[102] 90 days
  Guyana Visa required[103]
  Haiti Visa not required[104] 90 days
  Honduras Visa not required[105] 3 months
  Hungary Visa required[106]
  Iceland Visa required[107]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  India Visa required[108]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[109] 30 days[110]
  Iran Visa not required[111] 3 months
  Iraq eVisa[112]
  Ireland Visa required[116]
  • May transit without a visa.[117]
  • National visa may be substituted with a UK C visa holders. Entry permitted only if first point of entry to the Common Travel Area is in the UK.[118][119]
  Israel Visa required[120]
  • Visa may be issued free of charge to Turkish citizens at Israeli diplomatic missions.[121]
  Italy Visa required[122]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Jamaica Visa not required[123] 90 days
  Japan Visa not required[124] 90 days
  Jordan Visa not required[125] 3 months
  Kazakhstan Visa not required[126] 30 days
  Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[127][128] 90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  Kiribati Visa required[129]
  North Korea Visa required[130]
  South Korea Electronic Travel Authorization[131][132] 90 days
  • The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[133]
  Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[134][135] 3 months
  Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[136][137][138] 90 days
  Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[139][140] 30 days
  Latvia Visa required[141]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Lebanon Visa not required[142] 1 month
  • Extendable for 1 additional month.
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
  Lesotho eVisa[143][144]
  Liberia Visa required[145]
  Libya eVisa[146][147]
  • Persons with passports indication previous travel to Israel will be denied entry to Libya.
  Liechtenstein Visa required[148]
  Lithuania Visa required[149]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Luxembourg Visa required[150]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Madagascar Visa on arrival[151] 60 days
  Malawi eVisa[152][153] 90 days
  Malaysia Visa not required[154] 3 months
  Maldives Free visa on arrival[155] 30 days
  Mali Visa required[156]
  Malta Visa required[157]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[158] 90 days
  Mauritania Visa on arrival[159]
  Mauritius Visa not required[160] 90 days
  Mexico Electronic Authorization System[161][162] 180 days
  • 180 days visa free if holding a valid visa for Canada, Japan, the USA, the United Kingdom or a Schengen member state.
  Micronesia Visa not required[163] 30 days
  Moldova Visa not required[164] 90 days
  Monaco Visa required[166]
  Mongolia Visa not required[167] 30 days
  Montenegro Visa not required[168] 90 days
  Morocco Visa not required[169] 3 months
  Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[170][171] 30 days
  Myanmar eVisa[172][173] 28 days
  Namibia Visa on arrival[174] 90 days
  Nauru Visa required[175]
    Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[176] 90 days[177]
  Netherlands Visa required[178]
  • Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
  New Zealand Visa required[179]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[180]
  Nicaragua Visa not required[181] 90 days
  Niger Visa required[182]
  Nigeria eVisa[183][184] 90 days
  North Macedonia Visa not required[185] 90 days
  Norway Visa required[186]
  • Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
  Oman Visa not required / eVisa[187][188] 14 days / 30 days
  Pakistan eVisa[189] 90 days
  • Issued free of charge as of August 2024.
  Palau Visa on arrival[190] 30 days
  Panama Visa not required[191] 90 days
  Papua New Guinea eVisa[192][193] 60 days
  • Visitors may apply for a visa online under the "Tourist - Own Itinerary" category.
  Paraguay Visa not required[194] 90 days
  Peru Visa not required[195] 183 days
  Philippines Visa not required[196] 30 days
  Poland Visa required[197]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Portugal Visa required[198]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Qatar Visa not required[199] 90 days
  Romania Visa required[200]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Russia eVisa[201][202] 16 days
  Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[203][204] 30 days
  Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[205] 3 months
  Saint Lucia Visa not required[206] 6 weeks
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[207] 3 month
  Samoa Free entry permit on arrival[208] 60 days
  San Marino Visa required[209]
  São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[210] 15 days[211]
  Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[212][213] 90 days
  Senegal Visa on arrival[214] 90 days
  Serbia Visa not required[215] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
  Seychelles Electronic Border System[216][217] 3 months
  • Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel.
  • Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles.
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card.
  • Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
  Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[218][219] 3 months / 30 days
  Singapore Visa not required[220] 30 days
  Slovakia Visa required[221]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Slovenia Visa required[222]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
  Solomon Islands Visa required[223]
  Somalia Visa on arrival[224] 30 days
  South Africa Visa not required[225] 30 days
  South Sudan eVisa[226][227]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
  Spain Visa required[228]
  • Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
  Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[229][230] 60 days / 30 days
  • The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6-month period.[231]
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
  Sudan Visa on arrival[232] 1 month
  • Only if arriving directly from Turkey.
  Suriname Visa not required[233][234] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[235]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[236]
  Sweden Visa required[237]
  • May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
   Switzerland Visa required[238]
  • Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
  Syria Visa required[239][240]
  Tajikistan Visa required[241][242]
  Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[243][244] 90 days
  Thailand Visa not required[245] 60 days
  Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[246] 30 days
  Togo eVisa[247][248] 15 days
  Tonga Visa on arrival[249] 31 days
  Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[250] 90 days
  Tunisia Visa not required[251] 3 months
  Turkmenistan Visa required[252]
  Tuvalu Visa on arrival[253] 1 month
  Uganda eVisa[254][255] 3 months
  • Determined at the port of entry.
  Ukraine Visa not required[256] 90 days
  United Arab Emirates Visa required[258]
  • May apply using 'Smart service'.[259]
  United Kingdom Visa required[260]
  United States Visa required[263]
  • Tourist visas are issued with validity of up to 10 years.[264]
  Uruguay Visa not required[265] 90 days
  Uzbekistan Visa not required[266] 30 days
  Vanuatu Visa not required[267] 30 days
  Vatican City Visa required[268]
  Venezuela Visa not required[269] 90 days
  Vietnam[270][271] eVisa
  Yemen Visa required[273]
  Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[274][275] 90 days
  Zimbabwe Visa on arrival[276] 30 days

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

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Visa requirements for Turkish citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Africa
Asia

[297]

Caribbean and North Atlantic
  •   Anguilla — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Canada, USA or United Kingdom visa.[299]
  •   Aruba — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[300]
  •   Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[301]
  •   Bermuda — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US, UK or Canada visa.[302]
  •   British Virgin Islands — Visa not required - 30 days.[303]
  •   Cayman Islands — Visa required. Possible to visit with US Green Card if arriving directly from USA.[304]
  •   Colombia — Visitors arriving at San Andrés must buy tourist cards on arrival.[305]
  •   Curacao — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit .[306]
  •   Montserrat — Visa required - eVisa Application Possible. Possible to visit with a multiple entry EU Member State, Canada or USA visa.[307]
  •   Greenland — Visa required.[308]
  •   Margarita Island — All visitors are fingerprinted.[309]
  •   Puerto Rico — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US visa [310]
  •   Saint Barthelemy — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[311]
  •   Saint Martin — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[311]
  •   Saint Pierre and Miquelon — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[311]
  •   Sint Maarten — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.[312]
  •   Turks and Caicos Islands — Visa not required [313]
  •   U.S. Virgin Islands — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US visa [314]
Europe
Oceania
South America
  •   Galápagos — Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[353]
South Atlantic and Antarctica

Consular protection of Turkish citizens abroad

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Main article: List of diplomatic missions of Turkey
 
Map of countries with Turkish representations

Turkey has the 3rd largest diplomatic network in the world with 252 diplomatic and consular missions.[372]

Non-visa restrictions

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This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Blank passport pages

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Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[373] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

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Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
 
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[374] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[375]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[376][377]

Passport validity length

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Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[378][379] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[380]

Some countries, such as Japan,[381] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[382] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[383] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[384] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[385] Philippines,[386] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[387]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[388] and South Africa.

Criminal record

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Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[389] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

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The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[390]

Israeli stamps

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Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[391] Lebanon,[392] Libya,[393] and Yemen[394] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

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See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[395]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[396][397] Argentina,[398] Brunei, Cambodia,[399] China,[400] Ethiopia,[401] Ghana, Guinea,[402] India, Japan,[403][404] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[405] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[406] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[407] Singapore, South Korea,[408] Taiwan, Thailand,[409] Uganda,[410] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[411][412][413] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[414]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[415] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[416][417] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[418] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[419][420]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The policy shall be applied until 31 December 2024 and is subject to daily quota.[95][96][97]

References

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  1. ^ "Global Passport Ranking".
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  34. ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
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  38. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  40. ^ "Cambodia eVisa".
  41. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  60. ^ "CI eVisa".
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  373. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
  374. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
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  376. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
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  380. ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
  381. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
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  395. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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  400. ^ "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
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  405. ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
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  407. ^ "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
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  411. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  412. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  413. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  414. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  415. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  416. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  417. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
  418. ^ Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Unlike with documents, it's very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That's why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else's passport.
  419. ^ "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Singapore has started scanning travellers' eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
  420. ^ Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019. The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.
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