Vakulabharanam

Vakulabharanam
Arohanam	S R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S
Equivalent	Phrygian dominant scale

Vakulabharanam (pronounced vakuḷābharaṇam) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 14th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Dhātivasantabhairavi^[1]^[2] or Vātivasantabhairavi^[3] in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music. Hindustani equivalent of this ragam is raga basant mukhari

Structure and Lakshana

Vakulabharanam scale with shadjam at C

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 3rd chakra Agni. The mnemonic name is Agni-Sri. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri ga ma pa dha ni.^[1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

ārohaṇa: S R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ^[a]
avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S^[b]

Shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadham are the swaras used in this scale. As this scale is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Nāmanārāyaṇi, which is the 50th melakarta scale.^[4]

Asampurna Melakarta

Vātivasantabhairavi is the 14th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the descending scale has notes used in zig-zag manner (vakra prayoga).^[5]

ārohaṇa: S R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ^[c]
avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₂ D₁ M₁ G₃ M₁ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S^[d]

Janya rāgams

Vakulabharanam has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Vasantabhairavi is heard occasionally in concerts. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Vakulabharanam.

Compositions

Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Vakulabharanam.

Gowrinatham by Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi
Ye ramuni nammitino by Thyagaraja
Nambinen ayya by Koteeswara Iyer
Rama namamai by Mysore Vasudevachar
KumĀruni valenu kĀvavĒ by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
Saadhu tada, a composition by Maharaja Swati Tirunal of Travancore, tuned by Prince Rama Varma.
Paripaahimaam siddhivinayaka by Mysuru Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar

Film songs

Language:Tamil

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Ninaithen Vanthai	Kaavalkaaran	M. S. Viswanathan	T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Pattathu Rani	Sivandha Mann		L. R. Eswari
Thuluvadho Ilamai	Kudiyirundha Koyil		T. M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari
Naam Oruvarai Oruvar	Kumari Kottam		T. M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari
Sambo Sivasambo	Ninaithale Inikkum		M. S. Viswanathan
Paruvam Enathu Paadal	Aayirathil Oruvan	Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy	P. Susheela
Kinnaththil Then	Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu	Ilaiyaraaja	K.J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Aarum Athu Aalam Illa	Muthal Vasantham		Ilaiyaraaja
Aasai Nooruvagai	Adutha Varisu		Malaysia Vasudevan
Oru Thendral	Pudhumai Penn		Malaysia Vasudevan
Pachondiyyeh Kelada	Andha Oru Nimidam		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Thai Pongalum Vandhadhu	Mahanadhi		K.S. Chitra
Pangunikkappuram Sithiraiye	Vanna Vanna Pookkal		K.S. Chitra
Unakkum Enakkum	Sri Raghavendrar		Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
Jigan Jinakku	Veetla Visheshanga		Swarnalatha
Pitchai Paathiram	Naan Kadavul		Madhu Balakrishnan
Maraththa Vechchavan	Panakkaran		Ilaiyaraaja
Unn Kanakku Thaan	Raja Kaiya Vacha		Mano
Nethurathiri Yemma	Sakalakala Vallavan		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Chekka Chekka Sevantha	Vallarasu	Deva	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Ada Moondrezhuthu	Paarthale Paravasam	A. R. Rahman	Karthik, Harini
Andha Arabic Kadaloram	Bombay		A. R. Rahman	A.R. Rahman
Enuyire	Uyire			Srinivas, Kavita Krishnamurthy
Oh Nanba	Lingaa			S.P.Balasubramanyam, Aaryan Dinesh Kanagaratnam
Mayya Mayya	Guru			Maryem Tollar, Chinmayi & Keerthi Sagathia
Thanga Thamarai	Minsara Kanavu	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (won National award)
Naan Aalana Thamarai	Idhu Namma Aalu	K. Bhagyaraj	S. Janaki
En Kannai	Bala	Yuvan Shankar Raja	Shankar Mahadevan
Thottu Thottu	Kaadhal Kondein		Harish Raghavendra
Shaheeba Shaheeba	Daas		Hariharan, Sujatha Mohan
Vilaiyaadu Mankatha	Mankatha		Ranjith, Yuvan Shankar Raja,Anitha Karthikeyan, Premgi Amaren, Rita
Vathikuchi Pathikadhuda	Dheena		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Enga Poi Solluven	Kudaikul Mazhai	Karthik Raja	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Dilruba Dilruba	Priyam	Vidyasagar	Gopal Rao, Anuradha Sriram
Aai Shabba	Karnaa		Mano, Swarnalatha
Yelai Imayamalai	Thavasi		Manickka Vinayakam
Ava Kannapaatha	Charlie Chaplin	Bharani	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Harish Raghavendra
Megam Mazhai Thooral Poduthu	En Mamanukku Nalla Manasu	Sirpy	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Uma Ramanan
Megangal Ennai Thottu	Amarkalam	Bharadwaj	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam

Language:Hindi

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Gulaabi Aankhein	The Train (1970 film)	R D Burman	Mohammad Rafi

Janya:Surya/Srothoswini Ragam

Ascending: S G3 M1 D1 N2 S

Descending:S N2 D1 M1 G3 S

Film Songs:Tamil

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Gnaan Gnaan Paadanu	Poonthalir	Ilaiyaraaja	Jency
Isai Arasi Ennalum	Thaai Mookaambikai		P. Susheela,S. Janaki,M. S. Rajeswari
Sindhiya Venmani	Poonthotta Kaavalkaaran		K. J. Yesudas,P. Susheela
Oh Vasantha Raaja	Neengal Kettavai		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,S. Janaki
Poojaiketha Poovidhu	Neethana Andha Kuyil		Gangai Amaran,K. S. Chithra
Jai Chiranjeeva Thisai	Kathal Devathai		S. P. Sailaja
Kanava Nijama	Sri Rama Rajyam		Tippu
Raa Raa Sarasukku (2nd charanam in Sudhadhanyasi)	Chandramukhi	Vidyasagar	Binny Krishnakumar, Tippu
Medhuva Medhuva	Pirivom Santhippom	Vidyasagar	Karthik,Harini

Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Vakulabharanam's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 major melakarta rāgams, namely Keeravani and Hemavati along with 1 minor melakarta rāgam Kosalam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Keeravani.

Vakulabharanam corresponds to Phrygian dominant scale in Western music.

Notes

^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
- Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C
^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M G Ṟ S
- Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E D♭ C
^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
- Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C
^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G M P M G Ṟ S
- Western: C B♭ A♭ F E F G F E D♭ C

References

^ ^a ^b Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
^ Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
^ Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A. Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai, India
^ S, Aravind. "Vakulabharanam, Pathos bounding at just 14". Melakartha Melodies.
^ Shree Muthuswami Dikshitar Keerthanaigal, by A Sundaram Iyer, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai

[4] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C

[2] Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ

[3] Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C

[5] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M G Ṟ S
Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E D♭ C

[5] Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M G Ṟ S

[6] Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E D♭ C

[8] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C

[8] Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ

[9] Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C

[9] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G M P M G Ṟ S
Western: C B♭ A♭ F E F G F E D♭ C

[11] Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G M P M G Ṟ S

[12] Western: C B♭ A♭ F E F G F E D♭ C

[ragas-1] Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications

[raganidhi-2] Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

[3] Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A. Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai, India

[6] S, Aravind. "Vakulabharanam, Pathos bounding at just 14". Melakartha Melodies.

[dikshitar-7] Shree Muthuswami Dikshitar Keerthanaigal, by A Sundaram Iyer, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai

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