User:SofDetrHerg/sandbox

Listings Formerly Located in Downtown/Midtown Detroit

The following listings were located in Detroit at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.

	Name on the Register	Image	Location when listed	Location current	Description

Listings Formerly Located in Downtown/Midtown Detroit

The following listings were located in Downtown / Midtown Detroit at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.

	Name on the Register	Image	Date listed	Current Location	Location when Listed	Description
1	Columbia (Steamer)	Columbia (Steamer)	November 2, 1979 (#79001171)	Marine A Grain Elevator, Buffalo River at Silo City Row, Buffalo, New York 42°51′39″N 78°51′44″W	661 Civic Center Dr (Downtown) 42°19'28"N 83°03'02"W	This passenger steamship carried passengers to Bois Blanc Island (Boblo) for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company, and is one of the last remaining examples of her kind. Designed by Frank E. Kirby, noted naval architect. The Columbia and her sister ship, the Ste. Claire were docking at downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. They are the last two remaining turn-of-the-century excursion steamships in existence. They were docked at downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. After Boblo service ended in 1991 they were relocated to the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Company, 360 E Great Lakes St, Ecorse, Wayne County, Michigan, where they became National Historic Landmarks in 1992. In September 2014 the Columbia was relocated to Toledo, Ohio, for repairs, then in August 2015 was moved to Buffalo, New York, where it is being prepared for an eventual move to the Hudson River.
2	Ste. Claire (Steamer)	Ste. Claire (Steamer)	November 2, 1979 (#79001177)	Rouge River south bank, east of S. Dix Street Bridge, Detroit (Southwest) 42°17′45″N 83°09′02″W	661 Civic Center Dr (Downtown) 42°19'27"N 83°03'06"W	Designed by naval architect Frank E. Kirby. Between 1910 and 1991, the Ste. Claire ferried passengers to Bois Blanc Island (Boblo) for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company. The Ste. Claire and her sister ship, the Columbia were docking at downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. After Boblo service ended in 1991 they were relocated to the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Company, 360 E Great Lakes St, Ecorse, Wayne County, Michigan, where they became National Historic Landmarks in 1992. The Ste. Claire was moved to Toledo, Ohio in 2003, but returned to Ecorse a few years later. In 2016 she was docked in the Rouge River in Detroit.

Listings Formerly Located in Wayne County, Michigan

The following listings were located in Wayne County outside of Detroit at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.

	Name on the Register	Image	Date listed	Current Location	Location when Listed	Description
1	Columbia (Steamer)	Columbia (Steamer)	July 6, 1992 (#79001171)	Marine A Grain Elevator, Buffalo River at Silo City Row, Buffalo, New York 42°51′39″N 78°51′44″W	360 E Great Lakes St, Ecorse 42°15'39"N 83°07'30"W	This passenger steamship carried passengers to Bois Blanc Island (Boblo) for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company, and is one of the last remaining examples of her kind. Designed by Frank E. Kirby, noted naval architect. The Columbia and her sister ship, the Ste. Claire, were docking at 661 Civic Center Dr in downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. They are the last two remaining turn-of-the-century excursion steamships in existence. After Boblo service ended in 1991 they were relocated to the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Company in Ecorse, where they became National Historic Landmarks in 1992. In September 2014 the Columbia was relocated to Toledo, Ohio, for repairs, then in August 2015 was moved to Buffalo, New York, where it is being prepared for an eventual move to the Hudson River.
2	Ste. Claire (Steamer)	Ste. Claire (Steamer)	July 6, 1992 (#79001177)	Rouge River south bank, east of S. Dix Street Bridge, Detroit (Southwest) 42°17′45″N 83°09′02″W	360 E Great Lakes St, Ecorse 42°15'37"N 83°07'26"W	Designed by naval architect Frank E. Kirby. Between 1910 and 1991, the Ste. Claire ferried passengers to Bois Blanc Island (Boblo) for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company. The Ste. Claire and her sister ship, the Columbia, were docking at 661 Civic Center Dr in downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. After Boblo service ended in 1991 they were relocated to the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Company in Ecorse, where they became National Historic Landmarks in 1992. The Ste. Claire was moved to Toledo, Ohio in 2003, but returned to Ecorse a few years later. In 2016 she was docked in the Rouge River in Detroit.
106	Ste. Claire (Steamer)	Ste. Claire (Steamer)	November 2, 1979 (#79001177)	Rouge River south bank, east of S. Dix Street Bridge 42°17′45″N 83°09′02″W	Southwest Detroit	Designed by naval architect Frank E. Kirby. Between 1910 and 1991, the Ste. Claire ferried passengers to Bois Blanc Island (Boblo) for the Detroit & Windsor Ferry Company. The Ste. Claire and her sister ship, the Columbia, were docking at downtown Detroit in 1979 when they were listed in the National Register. After Boblo service ended in 1991 they were relocated to the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Company in Ecorse, where they became National Historic Landmarks in 1992. The Ste. Claire was moved to Toledo, Ohio in 2003, but returned to Ecorse a few years later. In 2016 she was docked in the Rouge River in Detroit.

History

Further information: Aroostook War, Oregon boundary dispute, and Alaska boundary dispute

The 45th parallel forms an approximate border between the Canadian province of Quebec (to the north), and the US states of New York and Vermont (to the south).

U.S. counties sharing a land or water border with Canada

  Land border

  Water border

Sign welcoming drivers into the United States

The Treaty of Paris (1783)

The border originated with the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the separating colonies which would form the United States. The 45th parallel was established as the border between Lower Canada (Quebec) and New York State (including what is now Vermont). The St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes became the boundary between Upper Canada (Ontario) and the United States.

The Jay Treaty (1794)

The Jay Treaty of 1794 (effective 1796) created the International Boundary Commission, which was charged with surveying and mapping the boundary. It also provided for removal of British military and administration from Detroit and other frontier outposts on the U.S. side. It was superseded by the Treaty of Ghent (effective 1815) concluding the War of 1812, which included pre-war boundaries.

The 49th parallel north forms a border between the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (to the north), and the US states of Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, and Minnesota (to the south).

The London Convention (1818)

Westward expansion of both British North America and the United States saw the boundary extended west along the 49th parallel from the Northwest Angle at Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains under the Treaty of 1818. This treaty extinguished British claims south of that latitude to the Red River Valley, which was part of Rupert's Land. The treaty also extinguished U.S. claims to land north of that line in the watershed of the Missouri River, which was part of the Louisiana Purchase; this amounted to three small areas, consisting of the northern part of the drainages of the Milk River (today in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan), the Poplar River (Saskatchewan), and Big Muddy Creek (Saskatchewan).

Ashburton Treaty (1842)

Disputes over the interpretation of the border treaties, and mistakes in surveying it, required additional negotiations resulting in the Webster–Ashburton Treaty of 1842. The treaty resolved the dispute known as the Aroostook War over the boundary between Maine on the one hand, and New Brunswick and the Province of Canada the other. The treaty redefined the border between New Hampshire, Vermont and New York on the one hand, and the Province of Canada on the other, resolving the Indian Stream dispute and the Fort Blunder dilemma at the outlet to Lake Champlain. The boundary along the 45th parallel had been surveyed after the War of 1812. The US Government began to construct fortifications just south of the border at Rouses Point on Lake Champlain. After a significant portion of the construction was completed, measurements revealed that at that point, the actual 45th parallel was three-quarters of a mile south of the surveyed line; the fort, which became known as "Fort Blunder," was in Canada. This created a dilemma for the United States that was not resolved until a provision of the treaty left the border on the meandering line as surveyed. The border along the Boundary Waters in present day Ontario and Minnesota between Lake Superior and the Northwest Angle was also redefined.

The Oregon Treaty (1846)

An 1844 boundary dispute during U.S. President James K. Polk's administration led to a call for the northern boundary of the U.S. west of the Rockies to be latitude 54° 40' north (related to the southern boundary of Russia's Alaska Territory), but the United Kingdom wanted a border that followed the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. The dispute was resolved in the Oregon Treaty of 1846, which established the 49th parallel as the boundary through the Rockies.

The Northwest Boundary Survey (1857-61)

Boundary Marker No.1 on the 49th parallel north on the western shore of Point Roberts, Washington, erected in 1861.

The Northwest Boundary Survey (1857–61) laid out the land boundary, but the water boundary was not settled for some time. After the Pig War in 1859, arbitration in 1872 established the border between the Gulf islands and the San Juan Islands.

The International Boundary Survey (1872-1876)

The International Boundary Survey, called the Northern Boundary Survey in the United States, began in 1872. Its mandate was to establish the border as agreed to in the Treaty of 1818. Archibald Campbell led the way for the United States. Donald Cameron headed the British team. This survey focused on the border from the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the Rocky Mountains.

The Alaska boundary dispute (1903)

In 1903 a joint United Kingdom – Canada – U.S. tribunal established the boundary with Alaska, much of which follows the 141st meridian west.

Rail Crossings

White Pass Train returning to Skagway, Alaska from the Yukon

The red background indicates an unused rail border crossing.

The green background indicates a rail border crossing at a bridge or a tunnel.

Canada Nearest Community	Canada Rail Company	United States Nearest Community	United States Rail Company	Notes	Structure or Notable Feature	Coordinates
British Columbia–Alaska
Fraser	WPY	Skagway	WPY	3 feet narrow gauge route, isolated line not connected to any others in North America. Former northern terminus Whitehorse, now ends at Carcross.		59°37′27.99″N 135°8′20.58″W
British Columbia–Washington
White Rock	BNSF	Blaine	BNSF	Used by Amtrak Cascades passenger trains.		49°0′7.56″N 122°45′27.00″W
Huntingdon	CP & SRY	Sumas	BNSF			49°0′8.64″N 122°16′0.84″W
Grand Forks	KFR	Danville	KFR	Abandoned by the KFR south of the border		49°0′0.36″N 118°29′33.36″W
Billings	KFR	Laurier	KFR	Canada section isolated from Canadian rail network following CP's 1991 abandonment of their Boundary Sub, accessible only through the U.S.		49°0′0.36″N 118°13′28.56″W
Waneta	KFR	Boundary	KFR	Canada section isolated from Canadian rail network following abandonment of Burlington Northern's Nelson Sub in 1989, only accessible through the U.S.		49°0′2.52″N 117°37′36.84″W
British Columbia–Idaho
Kingsgate	CP	Eastport	UP			49°0′1.80″N 116°10′55.92″W
Alberta–Montana
Coutts	CP	Sweetgrass	BNSF			48°59′54.24″N 111°57′32.40″W
Saskatchewan–North Dakota
North Portal	CP	Portal	CP (SOO)			48°59′56.04″N 102°32′56.40″W
Northgate	CN	Northgate	BNSF	CN abandoned north of the border in 2001		48°59′55.68″N 102°15′51.48″W
Manitoba–Minnesota
Emerson	CN (west track) / CP (east track)	Noyes	BNSF (west track) / CP (east track)	Since closure of the adjacent road border crossing, this rail crossing has been managed by nearby Emerson (Canada) and Pembina (U.S.) ports.		49°0′1.44″N 97°12′13.32″W
Middlebro (Sprague)	CN	Longworth (Warroad)	CN	The U.S. stretch between Warroad & Baudette connects only through Canada. It was isolated from the U.S. rail network when Minnesota Northern Railroad abandoned the Warroad subdivision in 2009.		48°59′56.40″N 95°22′32.16″W
Ontario–Minnesota
Rainy River	CN	Baudette	CN	The U.S. stretch between Warroad & Baudette connects only through Canada.		48°43′10.56″N 94°35′29.04″W
Fort Frances	MDW	International Falls	Minnesota, Dakota & Western Railway	Once connecting to CN's nearby mainline, the Fort Frances stretch is now isolated from the Canadian rail network. Trains must cross this bridge to the U.S. to get back into Canada.	Fort Frances – International Falls International Bridge	48°36′26.69″N 93°24′6.42″W
Fort Frances	CN	Ranier	CN		Ranier International Rail Bridge	48°36′53.64″N 93°24′6.42″W
Ontario–Michigan
Sault Ste. Marie	CN (ACR)	Sault Ste. Marie	CN (WC)		International Rail Bridge	46°30′30.60″N 84°21′41.76″W
Sarnia	CN	Port Huron	CN		Paul M. Tellier Tunnel	42°57′34.20″N 82°25′21.36″W
Windsor	CP	Detroit	CP		Michigan Central Railway Tunnel	42°19′9.12″N 83°3′30.24″W
Ontario–New York
Fort Erie	CN	Buffalo	CN		International Railway Bridge	42°55′46.20″N 78°54′28.80″W
Niagara Falls	CP	Niagara Falls	CP	Closed to rail traffic in 2000. Presently mothballed.	Michigan Central Railway Bridge	43°6′30.60″N 79°3′29.52″W
Niagara Falls	CN	Niagara Falls	CSX	Used by Amtrak/Via Maple Leaf passenger trains.	Whirlpool Rapids Bridge	43°6′33.27″N 79°3′30.00″W
Quebec–New York
Sainte-Agnès-de-Dundee	CSX	Fort Covington	CSX			44°59′51.36″N 74°29′8.88″W
Elgin	NYC	Trout River	NYC	Abandoned, but ROW intact.		44°59′31.92″N 74°14′32.28″W
Cantic	CP (west track) & CN (east track)	Rouses Point	CP (DH)	Used by Amtrak Adirondack passenger trains, using CN track in Canada. Cantic port of entry next to Lacolle 223.		45°0′36.72″N 73°22′18.12″W
Quebec–Vermont
Clarenceville	CN	Alburg Springs	CN			45°0′45.00″N 73°14′28.32″W
Abercorn	CMQ	Richford	CMQ	U.S. section isolated from the U.S. rail network following 1990 abandonment of Central Vermont Railway's Richford Branch. Trains in the U.S. must pass through Canada. Part of the Farnham-Richford-North Troy line.		45°0′54.36″N 72°39′49.32″W
Glen Sutton	CMQ	East Richford	CMQ	Canadian section has always been isolated from the Canadian rail network. Trains must pass through the U.S. to connect with the rest of Canada. Part of the Farnham-Richford-North Troy line.		45°0′41.76″N 72°35′9.24″W
Highwater	CMQ	North Troy	CMQ	Trains in Canada must pass back through the U.S. from this isolated section. Part of the Farnham-Richford-North Troy line.		45°0′25.56″N 72°24′43.92″W
Lineboro	Quebec Central Railway (QC)	North Derby	Quebec Central Railway (QC)	Tracks were removed in the 1990s. Now Piste cyclable de Stanstead (Canada) and Newport Bikepath (U.S.). Signs urge cyclists not to cross here.		45°0′20.88″N 72°10′17.40″W
Stanhope	SLR	Norton	SLQ			45°0′38.16″N 71°47′42.36″W
Quebec–Maine
Trudel (Lac-Mégantic)	CMQ	Beattie (Jackman)	CMQ			45°32′48.12″N 70°41′21.48″W
New Brunswick–Maine
St. Leonard	MNRY	Van Buren	MNRY		unnamed rail bridge	47°10′29.64″N 67°56′32.28″W
Green Road	CAR	Houlton	CAR	abandoned June 1989		46°5′42.72″N 67°46′52.32″W
St. Croix	NBSR	Vanceboro	EMRY	Only Canada-U.S. border crossing to be attacked by a foreign force. See Vanceboro international bridge bombing.	Saint Croix-Vanceboro Railway Bridge	45°33′50.40″N 67°25′39.00″W
Mohannes	NBSR	Woodland	NBSR	The American stretch is isolated from the rest of the U.S. rail network, and trains must cross this bridge to a small portion through Canada to the U.S. at Baring. Part of NBSR’s St. Stephen-Calais-Woodland branch; leased from Woodland Rail.	Sprague Falls Railroad Bridge	45°10′0.84″N 67°24′15.48″W
Upper Mills	NBSR	Baring Plantation	NBSR	The Canadian stretch between Mohannes and Upper Mills is isolated from the Canadian rail network, and trains must cross this bridge into the U.S. to connect to the rest of Canada. Sold to Woodland Rail by Pan-Am Railways after a short period out of service. Part of the St. Stephen-Calais-Woodland branch; leased from Woodland Rail.	Baring Railroad Bridge	45°8′3.84″N 67°24′15.48″W
St. Stephen (Milltown)	NBSR	Calais	NBSR	The American stretch between Baring and Calais is isolated from the U.S. rail network, and trains in the U.S. must switch direction and cross this bridge into Canada to connect with the rest of the U.S. rail network. The line was disconnected from the U.S. network when Guilford Rail (Pan-Am Railways) abandoned the connecting line to Bangor in 1989; those rails were intact until torn up in the late 2000s. Part of the St. Stephen-Calais-Woodland branch; leased from Woodland Rail on the U.S. side.	Salmon Falls Railroad Bridge	45°10′29.28″N 67°17′29.40″W