For the continental United States the implications of the Ten Year Crusade about doubled the number of local spiritual assemblies, the local administrative body of the religion (sometimes called a 'congregation' in external statistical reviews especially later,) for the country in that decade, 1953 to 1963. While the international ramifications culminating in the election of the Universal House of Justice were definitive for the entire Bahá'í community nevertheless there were significant developments for the continental US. The number of assemblies grew from about 161 to over 330 with similar growth in locales with insufficient numbers of adults to elect their own assembly. There was also the application of an institutional middle ground between localities and the nation as a whole into 12 units of states. Much of the success of the effort was in an atmosphere of 'dispersing' Bahá'ís from larger communities than about 15 adults in a civil boundary and there was also a list of goal communities developed which also contributed to the success of the effort, though there were a few cases of local spiritual assemblies that dissolved over the period. By far the largest growth took place in California though several other states also experienced significant growth either compared to all the other states or in contrast to the relative growth in some states that had been low in numbers of assemblies.
Overview of the continental implications of the Ten Year Crusade
editAmerica had 'subordinate objectives' during the Ten Year Crusade.[1] One included raising of the total number of Local Spiritual Assemblies to three hundred. This message to the American Bahá’í community at the national convention was conveyed by Rúhíyyih Khánum.[2] The principles for the list of goal cities developed was later explained in the national Baha'i News periodical.[3] The National Assembly followed these principles:
- If a state had only one assembly, at least one other town was on the list with priority to preserving that one assembly.
- Any goal with no Bahá'í presence was called a 'virgin goal' and otherwise was a 'consolidation goal'. 40 virgin goals were compiled.
- If a state had a cluster of assemblies in one area goals was picked in outlying areas of that cluster to "reduce the immense distances between many Bahá'í communities."
- 133 goal cities were developed where groups of at least 4 Bahá'ís lived.
- Some goals were developed "within easy travel" of established communities so that people who could afford only moving narrowly could do so.
- If a community that was not a goal area were to rise to assembly status they would be counted towards the total and that individuals were free to pioneer anywhere but should not expect other pioneers to be coordinated to join them just because they were there.
The Bahá'í directory for 1953-1954 listed 171 local assemblies, 600 locales with groups of 2-8 adult Bahá'ís, and 611 locations with isolated individual Bahá'ís.[4] The first national list of goal cities was published in the Baha'i News in October, 1953.[5] By 1963 there were 331(if one doesn't include the Washington in the District of Colombia as a 'state') total assemblies, 649 locations with groups of 2-8 adult Bahá'ís, short of electing an assembly, and 676 locations of isolated Bahá'ís.[6]
Before being officially tasked with the work to support the goal some Area Teaching Committees already existed and were in a degree of organization with their own newsletters and conferences by September, 1953.[7] These institutions had existed at least as far back as 1949, sometimes called Regional Teaching Committees (RTCs).[8] The fact that the Area Teaching Committees were designated central to the achievement of the goal was detailed again in June, 1955.[9]
Rúhíyyih Khánum had also had mentioned the dispersal of Bahá'ís from larger communities and in the coming months and years this would be a refrain heard by pilgrims.[10] Excerpts from letters from pioneers in April 1954 on their progress and aims was published which includes a mention of the idea of “dispersing” of communities larger than 15 adults.[11] By June there was mention specifically of emphasizing pioneers leaving from communities of 15 or more adults.[12] By July 1954 there were thoughts that maintaining 9 adult believers in a locale for keeping a local spiritual assembly was not required which Shoghi Effendi countered and then clarified saying that the two most historic American Bahá'í communities - Chicago and New York - could sustain themselves with 15 adult believers:[13]
The mighty and laudable effort exerted, by a considerable number of pioneers, in the course of the opening phase of this world-encircling Crusade, in the virgin territories of the globe, must, if this primacy is to remain unimpaired, be increased, doubled, nay trebled, and must manifest itself not only in foreign fields where the prizes so laboriously won during the last twelve months must, at whatever sacrifice, be meticulously preserved, but throughout the entire length and breadth of the American Union, and particularly in the goal cities, where hitherto the work has stagnated, and which must, in the year now entered, become the scene of the finest exploits which the home front has yet seen. A veritable exodus from the large cities where a considerable number of believers have, over a period of years, congregated, both on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, as well as in the heart of the country, and where, owing to the tempo and the distractions of city life, the progress of the Faith has been retarded, must signalize the inauguration of this most intensive and challenging phase of the Crusade on the home front. Most certainly and emphatically must the lead be given by the two focal centers of Bahá'í activity which rank among the oldest of and occupy the most honored position among, the cities throughout the American Union, the one as the mother city of the North American continent, the other named by `Abdu'l-Bahá the City of the Covenant. Indeed, so grave are the exigencies of the present hour, and so critical the political position of the country, that were a bare fifteen adult Bahá'ís to be left in each of these cities, over which unsuspected dangers are hanging, it would still be regarded as adequate for the maintenance of their local spiritual assemblies.
This was amplified in September with comment on behalf of Shoghi Effendi of Bahá'ís 'dispersing' from larger communities making sure that people should be picking goal cities as their targets for pioneering.[14]
Tables by Area Teaching Committees as assigned at the end of the plan
edit| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Illinois | 16 | 21 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 5 | Central |
| Iowa | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | Central |
| Minnesota | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | Central |
| Wisconsin | 10 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 | Central |
| Totals | 31 | 45 | 2 | 14 | 6 | 18 | 11 | 69% of the assemblies by the end of the plan was achieved by the number of assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost) followed by 24% by those communities that achieved assembly status that were goals, followed by new assemblies in places that were not goals or previously existed. |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delaware | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Central Atlantic |
| District of Colombia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Central Atlantic |
| Maryland | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Central Atlantic |
| North Carolina | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | Central Atlantic |
| Virginia | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | Central Atlantic |
| West Virginia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Central Atlantic |
| Totals | 8 | 14 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 57% of the assemblies by the end of the plan were from the number of those communities that achieved assembly status that were goals followed by assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost) at 50%, and those followed by new assemblies in places that were not goals or previously existed. |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indiana | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | East Central |
| Michigan | 9 | 17 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | East Central |
| Ohio | 5 | 12 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 6 | East Central |
| Totals | 17 | 34 | 0 | 17 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 50% of the assemblies at the end of the plan came from the number of those that were assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost) and 44% were communities that achieved assembly status that were goals, and those were followed by new assemblies in places that were not goals or previously existed |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kentucky | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Tennessee Valley |
| Mississippi | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Tennessee Valley |
| Tennessee | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Tennessee Valley |
| Alabama | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Tennessee Valley |
| Totals | 5 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 83% of the assemblies at the end of the plan came from assemblies that were kept (started in 1953 minus those lost) followed by communities that achieved assembly status that were goals. |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Louisiana | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Gulf |
| Texas | 3 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | Gulf |
| Totals | 4 | 11 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 36% of the assemblies at the end of the plan came from both the number of assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost) and the number of new assemblies in places that were not goals or previously existed and 27% were those communities that achieved assembly status that were goals. |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connecticut | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | New England |
| Maine | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | New England |
| Massachusetts | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 1 | New England |
| New Hampshire | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | New England |
| Rhode Island | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | New England |
| Vermont | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | New England |
| Totals | 11 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 23 | 2 | 63% of the assemblies at the end of the plan were ones kept (started in 1953 minus those lost) followed by 31% from the communities that achieved assembly status that were goals, and those were followed by the number new assemblies in places that were not goals or previously existed. |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey | 8 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | North Atlantic |
| New York | 11 | 18 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 8 | 8 | North Atlantic |
| Pennsylvania | 4 | 2 | 2 | -2 | 0 | 9 | 0 | North Atlantic |
| Totals | 23 | 28 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 23 | 10 | 57% of the assemblies at the end of the plan were of those that were assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost), followed by 36% from new assemblies in places that were not goals or previously existed, and those were followed by communities that achieved assembly status that were goals. |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nebraska | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | North Central |
| North Dakota | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (1 lost and regained during the plan) | 1 | 0 | North Central |
| South Dakota | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | North Central |
| Totals | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 75% of the assemlies at the end of the plan were of assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost) and 25% were communities that achieved assembly status that were goals. |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Idaho | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Northwestern |
| Montana | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Northwestern |
| Oregon | 1 | 9 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 4 | Northwestern |
| Washington | 5 | 17 | 1 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 10 | Northwestern |
| Totals | 11 | 32 | 2 | 21 | 10 | 5 | 14 | 44% of the assemblies at the end of the plan were new assemblies in places that were not goals or previously existed, followed by 31% from communities that achieved assembly status that were goals, and those were followed by those that were assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost). |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorado | 3 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Rocky Mountain |
| New Mexico | 2 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Rocky Mountain |
| Wyoming | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Rocky Mountain |
| Totals | 6 | 13 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 46% of the assemblies at the end of the plan came from the number assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost) was followed by 31% from communities that achieved assembly status that were goals, and those were followed by new assemblies in places that were not goals or previously existed. |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida | 2 | 14 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 11 | South Atlantic |
| Georgia | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | South Atlantic |
| South Carolina | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 4 | South Atlantic |
| Totals | 3 | 22 | 1 | 19 | 3 | 5 | 17 | 77% of the assemblies at the end of the plan were of new assemblies in places that were not goals or previously existed led the results followed by 14% from communities that achieved assembly status that were goals, and those were followed by assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost). |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | South Central |
| Kansas | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | South Central |
| Missouri | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | South Central |
| Oklahoma | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | South Central |
| Totals | 5 | 10 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 40% of the assemblies at the end of the plan came from assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost), followed by 30% from new assemblies in places that were not goals or previously existed, and those were followed by communities that achieved assembly status that were goals. |
| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 | Assemblies in 1962-3 | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 5 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | Southwestern |
| California | 33 | 82 | 6 | 49 | 11 | 5 | 46 | Southwestern |
| Nevada | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | Southwestern |
| Utah | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Southwestern |
| Totals | 40 | 96 | 9 | 56 | 15 | 9 | 51 | 53% of the assemblies that existed at the end of the plan were from ones in places that were not goals or previously existed, followed by 32% from assemblies kept (started in 1953 minus those lost), and those were followed by communities that achieved assembly status that were goals. |
State by state table of changes in assemblies during the Ten Year Crusade
edit| State | Assemblies in 1953-4 (171 minus Alaska, Hawaii, & Puerto Rico = 167 includes District of Colombia)[15] |
Assemblies in 1962-3(331)[16] | Assemblies lost | Total change in number of assemblies | Goal communities won | Goals not won | Assemblies that were not goals or already existed | Area Teaching Committee region[17] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | South Central /Tennesee Valley |
| Arizona | 5 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | Southwestern |
| Arkansas | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | South Central |
| California | 33 | 82 | 6 | 49 | 11 | 5 | 46 | Southwestern |
| Colorado | 3 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Rocky Mountain |
| Connecticut | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | New England |
| Delaware | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Central Atlantic |
| District of Colombia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Central Atlantic |
| Florida | 2 | 14 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 11 | South Atlantic |
| Georgia | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | South Atlantic |
| Idaho | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Northwestern |
| Illinois | 16 | 21 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 5 | Central |
| Indiana | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | East Central |
| Iowa | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | Central |
| Kansas | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | South Central |
| Kentucky | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | East Central/Tennessee Valley |
| Louisiana | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Gulf |
| Maine | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | New England |
| Maryland | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Central Atlantic |
| Massachusetts | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 1 | New England |
| Michigan | 9 | 17 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | East Central |
| Minnesota | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | Central |
| Mississippi | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Gulf/Tennessee Valley |
| Missouri | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | South Central |
| Montana | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Northwestern |
| Nebraska | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | North Central |
| Nevada | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | Southwestern |
| New Hampshire | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | New England |
| New Jersey | 8 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | North Atlantic |
| New Mexico | 2 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Rocky Mountain |
| New York | 11 | 18 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 8 | 8 | North Atlantic |
| North Carolina | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | Central Atlantic |
| North Dakota | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | North Central |
| Ohio | 5 | 12 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 6 | East Central |
| Oklahoma | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | South Central |
| Oregon | 1 | 9 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 4 | Northwestern |
| Pennsylvania | 4 | 2 | 2 | -2 | 0 | 9 | 0 | North Atlantic |
| Rhode Island | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | New England |
| South Carolina | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 4 | South Atlantic |
| South Dakota | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | North Central |
| Tennessee | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | South Atlantic/Tennessee Valley |
| Texas | 3 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | Gulf |
| Utah | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Southwestern |
| Vermont | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | New England |
| Virginia | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | Central Atlantic |
| Washington | 5 | 17 | 1 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 10 | Northwestern |
| West Virginia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Central Atlantic |
| Wisconsin | 10 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 | Central |
| Wyoming | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Rocky Mountain |
| Totals | 167 | 331 | 24 | 164 | 73 | 125 | 130 |
By State assemblies or goals
edit| States | Assemblies in 1953-4 (171 minus Alaska, Hawaii, & Puerto Rico = 167 includes District of Colombia)[18] |
Continental Ten Year Crusade goals by June 1954[19] (including assemblies that were lost at the start or during the plan)[20][21] |
Assemblies in 1962-3(331)[22] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Birmingham | Birmingham | |
| Mobile | |||
| Montgomery | |||
| Arizona | Flagstaff | Flagstaff | |
| Glendale | |||
| Globe | |||
| Phoenix | Phoenix | ||
| North Phoenix | |||
| Pine Springs | |||
| Prescrott | |||
| Scottsdale | |||
| Tempe | |||
| Tucson | Tucson | ||
| Tuscon Twp[23] | |||
| Verde Valley | |||
| Yuma | Yuma | ||
| Arkansas | Little Rock | Little Rock | |
| North Little Rock | |||
| Fort Smith | |||
| Rogers | |||
| California | Anaheim | ||
| Alhambra | Alhambra | ||
| Alhambra JD[24] | |||
| Altadena | |||
| Antelope JD | |||
| Alturas | |||
| Anaheim | |||
| Auburn | |||
| Bakersfield | Bakersfield | ||
| Berkeley | Berkeley | ||
| Beverly Hills | Beverly Hills | ||
| Burbank | Burbank | ||
| Burlingame | Burlingame | ||
| Carmel | |||
| Central Marin JD | |||
| Chula Vista | Chula Vista | ||
| Cloverdale Twp | |||
| Compton | |||
| Costa Mesa | |||
| Culver City | |||
| El Monte JD | |||
| Escondido JD | |||
| Eureka | |||
| Fair Oaks JD | |||
| Fresno | Fresno | ||
| Fresno JD | |||
| Garden Grove | |||
| Glendale | Glendale | ||
| Glendale JD | |||
| Hayward | Hayward | ||
| Healdsburg | |||
| Healdsburg JD | |||
| Hermosa Beach | |||
| Huntington Park, | |||
| Inglewood | Inglewood | ||
| Inglewood JD | Inglewood JD | ||
| La Mesa | |||
| Long Beach | Long Beach | ||
| Los Angeles | Los Angeles | ||
| Manhattan Beach | |||
| Millbrae | |||
| Menlo Park | |||
| Monrovia | Monrovia] | ||
| Monterey | |||
| Monterey-Carmel JD | |||
| National City | National City | ||
| Newhall JD | |||
| Novato | |||
| Oakland | Oakland | ||
| Ontario | |||
| Oxnard | |||
| Palo Alto | Palo Alto | ||
| Palo Alto Mountain View JD | |||
| Pasadena | Pasadena | ||
| Pasadena JD | |||
| Palm Springs | |||
| Pomona | Pomona | ||
| Redding | Redding | ||
| Redondo Beach | |||
| Riverside | Riverside | ||
| Sacramento | Sacramento | ||
| North Sacramento JD | |||
| San Bernadino | San Bernadino | ||
| San Bernadino JD | |||
| San Carlos | |||
| San Diego | San Diego | ||
| Santa Ana | |||
| San Francisco | San Francisco | ||
| San Jose | San Jose | ||
| San Leandro-Hayward JD | |||
| San Mateo | San Mateo | ||
| Southern JD San Mateo County | |||
| San Rafael | |||
| Santa Ana | Santa Ana | ||
| Santa Barbara | Santa Barbara | ||
| Santa Clara | |||
| Santa Cruz | |||
| Santa Rosa | |||
| Santa Rosa JD | |||
| Sonoma JD | |||
| Santa Monica | Santa Monica | ||
| Sausalito Twp | Sausalito Twp | ||
| Stockton | Stockton | ||
| South Bay JD | South Bay JD | South Bay JD | |
| South Gate | South Gate | South Gate | |
| Sunnyvale | |||
| Temple City | |||
| Twentynine Palms JD, | |||
| Ventura | |||
| West Hollywood | West Hollywood | ||
| Whittier JD | Whittier JD | ||
| Victor JD | |||
| Colorado | Aurora | Aurora | |
| Colorado Springs | Colorado Springs | ||
| Denver | Denver | ||
| Greeley | |||
| Jefferson County | Jefferson County | ||
| Pueblo | Pueblo | ||
| Sububrban Colorado Springs | |||
| Connecticut | Bridgeport | ||
| Greenwich | Greenwich | ||
| Hamden | |||
| Hartford | Hartford | ||
| New Haven | New Haven | ||
| New Britain | |||
| Stamford | |||
| Delaware | Dover | ||
| New Castle County | |||
| Wilmington | Wilmington | ||
| District of Colombia | Washington | Washington | |
| Florida | Broward County | ||
| Delray Beach | |||
| Duval County | |||
| Fort Meyers | |||
| Jacksonville | |||
| Manatee County | |||
| Miami | Miami | ||
| Miami Beach | Miami Beach | ||
| North Dade County | |||
| Pinellas County | |||
| Pompano Beach | |||
| Orange County | |||
| St Augustine | |||
| St. Petersburg | |||
| Sarasota | |||
| Sarasota County | |||
| Tampa | Tampa | ||
| Georgia | Atlanta | Atlanta | |
| Augusta | |||
| DeKalb County | |||
| Savannah | Savannah | ||
| Idaho | Ada County | Ada County | |
| Lewiston | |||
| Boise | Boise | ||
| Pocatella | Pocatello | ||
| Illinois | Addison Twp | ||
| Aurora | |||
| Batavia | Batavia | ||
| Berwyn | Berwyn | ||
| Cicero | |||
| Champaign | Champaign | ||
| Chicago | Chicago | ||
| Danville | Danville | ||
| Decatur | Decatur | ||
| Deerfield | |||
| East St. Louis | |||
| Elgin | |||
| Elmhurst | Elmhurst | ||
| Evanston | Evanston | ||
| Glencoe | |||
| Glenview | |||
| Joliet | |||
| Maywood | Maywood | ||
| Melrose Twp | |||
| Oak Park | Oak Park | ||
| Peoria | Peoria | ||
| Peoria Heights | |||
| Quincy | Quincy | ||
| Richwoods Twp | |||
| Rockford | |||
| Springfield | Springfied | ||
| Urbana | Urbana | ||
| Waukegan | Waukegan | ||
| Wilmette | Wilmette | ||
| Winnetka | Winnetka | ||
| Indiana | East Chicago | ||
| Evansville | |||
| Fort Wayne | Fort Wayne | ||
| Gary | |||
| Hammond | |||
| Indianapolis | Indianapolis | ||
| Kokomo | |||
| Michigan City | |||
| South Bend | South Bend | ||
| Terre Haute | |||
| Warsaw | |||
| Iowa | Council Bluffs | ||
| Cedar Rapids | Cedar Rapids | ||
| Davenport | Davenport | ||
| Des Moines | Des Moines | ||
| Dubugue | |||
| Iowa City | |||
| Sioux City | |||
| Waterloo | Waterloo | ||
| Kansas | Emporia | ||
| Kansas City | Kansas City | ||
| Topeka | Topeka | ||
| Wichita | Wichita | ||
| Kentucky | Louisville | Louisville | |
| Covington | |||
| Lexington | |||
| Louisiana | Baton Rouge | Baton Rouge | |
| New Orleans | New Orleans | ||
| Shreveport | |||
| Maine | Augusta | ||
| Bangor | |||
| Eliot | Eliot | ||
| Lewiston | |||
| Portland | Portland | ||
| Maryland | Baltimore | Baltimore | |
| Baltimore County | |||
| Montgomery County | Montgomery County | Montgomery County | |
| Prince George's County | |||
| Massachusetts | Brookline | ||
| Brockton | |||
| Beverly | Beverly | ||
| Boston | Boston | ||
| Cambridge | Cambridge | ||
| Fall River | |||
| Falmouth | |||
| Holyoke | |||
| Ipswich | Ipswich | ||
| Lynn | |||
| Lowell | |||
| Malden | |||
| Newton | |||
| New Bedford | |||
| Springfield | |||
| Worcester | Worcester | Worcester | |
| Michigan | Adrian | ||
| Ann Arbor | Ann Arbor | ||
| Battle Creek | Battle Creek | ||
| Bay City | |||
| Dearborn | Dearborn Heights | ||
| Detroit | Detroit | ||
| Ferndale | |||
| Flint | Flint | ||
| Grand Rapids | Grand Rapids | ||
| Highland Park | Highland Park | ||
| Jackson | Jackson | ||
| Kalamazoo | |||
| Lansing | |||
| Muskegon | Muskegon | ||
| Niles | Niles Twp | ||
| Pontiac | Pontiac | ||
| Port Huron | |||
| Royal Oak | Royal Oak | ||
| Royal Oak Twp | Royal Oak Twp | ||
| Ypsilanti Twp | |||
| Wyanotte | |||
| Minnesota | Duluth | Duluth | |
| Minneapolis | Minneapolis | ||
| Olmstead County | |||
| Rochester | |||
| St Cloud | |||
| St. Paul | St Paul | ||
| Mississippi | Gulport | Gulfport | |
| Meridian | |||
| Jackson | Jackson | ||
| Missouri | Clayton | ||
| Independence | |||
| Kansas City | Kansas City | ||
| St. Louis | St. Louis | ||
| St Joseph | |||
| Springfield | |||
| Webster Grove | |||
| Montana | Billings | Billings | |
| Butte | Butte | Butte | |
| Great Falls | Great Falls | ||
| Helena | |||
| Missoula | |||
| Nebraska | Lincoln | ||
| Omaha | Omaha | ||
| Nevada | Las Vegas | Las Vegas | |
| Las Vegas South | |||
| Reno | Reno | ||
| Sparks | Sparks | ||
| New Hampshire | Concord | ||
| Keene | |||
| Manchester | |||
| Nashua | Nashua | ||
| Portsmouth | Portsmouth | ||
| New Jersey | Atlantic City | ||
| Camden | |||
| Clifton | |||
| Dumont | Dumont | ||
| East Orange | East Orange | ||
| Elizabeth | |||
| Englewood | Englewood | ||
| Hackensack | |||
| Jersey City | Jersey City | ||
| Montclair | Montclair | ||
| Newark | |||
| Paterson | |||
| Ridgewood | Ridgewood | ||
| Springfield | |||
| Teaneck | Teaneck | ||
| New Mexico | Albuquerque | Albuquerque | |
| Bernalillo County | Bernalillo County | ||
| Gallup | |||
| McKinley County | |||
| Roswell | |||
| Santa Fe | Santa Fe | ||
| New York | Albany | ||
| Amhest Twp | |||
| Binghamton | Binghamton | ||
| Buffalo | Buffalo | ||
| Babylon Twp | |||
| Elmira | |||
| Geneva | Geneva | ||
| Hamburg Twp | Hamburg Twp | ||
| Hamburg Village | |||
| Hempstead Twp | |||
| North Hempstead Twp | |||
| Huntington Twp | |||
| Ithaca | |||
| Jamestown | Jamestown | ||
| Mount Vernon | |||
| New Rochelle | |||
| New York City | New York City | ||
| Niagara Falls | Niagara Falls | ||
| Poughkeepsie | |||
| Rochester | Rochester | ||
| Seneca Twp | |||
| Syracuse | Syracuse | ||
| Tonawanda Twp | |||
| Troy | |||
| Schenectady | |||
| Utica | |||
| Victor Twp | |||
| Waterloo | |||
| Yonkers | Yonkers | ||
| North Carolina | Charlotte | Charlotte | |
| Durham | Durham | ||
| Greensboro | Greensboro | ||
| Raleigh | Raleigh | ||
| Winston-Salem | |||
| North Dakota | Fargo | Fargo | Fargo |
| Bismarck | |||
| Grand Forks | |||
| Ohio | Akron | Akron | |
| Canton | |||
| Cincinnati | Cincinnati | ||
| Cleveland | Cleveland | ||
| East Cleveland | |||
| Columbus | Columbus | ||
| East Cleveland | |||
| Dayton | Dayton | ||
| Euclid | |||
| Kettering | |||
| Lima | Lima | ||
| Lorain | |||
| Mansfield | |||
| Toledo | |||
| Urbana | |||
| Warren | |||
| Youngstown | Youngstown | ||
| Oklahoma | Enlid | ||
| Oklahoma City | Oklahoma City | ||
| Tulsa | |||
| Oregon | Astoria | ||
| Corvallis | Corvallis | ||
| Eugene | Eugene | ||
| Lane County | |||
| Marion County | |||
| Medford | |||
| Multnomah County | |||
| Pendleton | Pendleton | ||
| Portland | Portland | ||
| Salem | Salem | ||
| Pennsylvania | Allentown | ||
| Altoona | |||
| Chester | |||
| Erie | |||
| Harrisburg | |||
| Lancaster | |||
| Philadelphia | Philadelphia | ||
| Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh | ||
| Reading | |||
| Scranton | |||
| West Chester | |||
| Wilkesbarre | |||
| York | |||
| Rhode Island | Cranston | ||
| East Providence | |||
| Providence | Providence | ||
| Pawtucket | |||
| Woonsocket | |||
| South Carolina | Charleston | ||
| Columbia | |||
| Florence County | |||
| Frogmore | |||
| Greenville | |||
| Greenville County | |||
| North Augusta | |||
| South Dakota | Rapid City | Rapid City | |
| Sioux Falls | Sioux Falls | ||
| Tennessee | Chattanooga | ||
| Memphis | Memphis | ||
| Nashville | Nashville | ||
| Texas | Amarillo | ||
| Austin | Austin | ||
| Dallas | Dallas | ||
| El Paso | |||
| Fort Worth | Fort Worth | ||
| Galveston | |||
| Houston | Houston | ||
| Odessa | |||
| San Antonio | San Antonio | ||
| University Park | |||
| Utah | Ogden | Ogden | |
| Provo | |||
| Salt Lake City | Salt Lake City | ||
| Salt Lake County | |||
| Vermont | Burlington | ||
| Brattleboro | Brattleboro | ||
| Rutland | |||
| Virginia | Alexandria | Alexandria | |
| Arlington | Arlington | ||
| Falls Church | |||
| Newport News | |||
| Norfolk | |||
| Richmond | |||
| Roanoke | |||
| Staunton | |||
| Washington | Bellingham | ||
| Edmonds | |||
| Everett | Everett | ||
| Issaquah | |||
| Kirkland | Kirkland | ||
| Longview | |||
| Makah Indian Reservation | |||
| North King County District | |||
| Olympia | |||
| Pasco | |||
| Richmond Highlands | |||
| Seattle | Seattle | ||
| Snohomish County District | |||
| South King County District | |||
| South Pierce County District | |||
| Spokane | Spokane | ||
| Spokane County | |||
| Tacoma | Tacoma | ||
| Walla Walla | Walla Walla | ||
| Yakima | Yakima | ||
| West Virginia | Charleston | Charleston | |
| Huntington | |||
| Wisconsin | Brookfield Twp | Brookfield | |
| Fond du Lac | Fond du Lac | ||
| Oshkosh | |||
| Glendale | |||
| Green Bay | Green Bay | ||
| Kenosha | Kenosha | ||
| La Crosse | |||
| Madison | Madison | ||
| Mequon | |||
| Milwaukee | Milwaukee | ||
| Monona Village | |||
| Racine | Racine | ||
| Sheboygan | |||
| Shorewood | Shorewood | ||
| Superior | |||
| Waukesha | Waukesha | ||
| Wauwatosa | Wauwatosa | ||
| West Allis | |||
| Whitefish Bay | Whitefish Bay | ||
| Wyoming | Casper | Casper | |
| Cheyenne | |||
| Sheridan | |||
| Laramie | Laramie |
References
edit- ^ Ali Nakhjavani (2004). "The 22nd Hasan M. Balyuzi Memorial Lecture; The Ten Year Crusade" (PDF). The Journal of Bahá’í Studies. 14 (3/4): 21–22. ISSN 0838-0430. OCLC 7757100860. Retrieved Dec 26, 2021.
- ^ Khanum, Rúhíyyih (May 1953). "The Guardian's message to the forty-fifth Annual Baha'i Convention" (PDF). Baha'i News. No. 267. pp. 1–2. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Dec 26, 2021.
- ^ "What are goal cities and why?". Baha'i News. No. 289. Mar 1955. pp. 3–4. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Jan 18, 2022.
- ^ "Bahá'í Directory; Local Bahá'í Spiritual Assemblies, groups, and localities where isolated Bahá'ís reside in the United States of America 1953-1954". Bahá'í World. Bienniel International Record. Vol. 12. Wilmette, Illinois: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. 1981 [1956]. pp. 721–743.
- ^ "Goal cities in the United States for the World Crusade at Home". Baha'i News. No. 272. October 1953. pp. 6–7. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Dec 26, 2021.
- ^ "Bahá'í Directory 1962-1963; Directory of localities where Bahá'ís reside under the jurisdisction of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States of America". Bahá'í World. An International Record. Vol. 13. Haifa, Israel: Universal House of Justice. 1980 [1970]. pp. 1036–1059. ISBN 9780853980995. OCLC 933786322.
- ^ "Area Teaching Committees". Baha'i News. No. 271. Sep 1953. pp. 14–5. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Dec 26, 2021.
- ^ * "Area National Teaching Committees". Baha'i News. No. 218. April 1949. pp. 10–1. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Jan 17, 2022.
- "Jamestown, NY". Baha'i News. No. 235. Sep 1950. p. 11. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Dec 26, 2021.
- "Green Acre". Baha'i News. No. 242. Apr 1951. p. 5. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Dec 26, 2021.
- ^ "A national responsability". Baha'i News. No. 292. Jun 1955. p. 11. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Jan 18, 2022.
- ^ National Spiritual Assembly (Aug 1954). "The question of dispersal". Baha'i News. No. 282. pp. 2–4. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Jan 14, 2022.
- ^ "Pioneer letters from the Home Front". Baha'i News. No. 278. Apr 1954. p. 9. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Dec 26, 2021.
- ^ "The Home Front teaching plan". Baha'i News. No. 280. Jun 1954. p. 6. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Jan 14, 2022.
- ^ Effendi, Shoghi (1997) [1965]. Citadel of Faith: Messages to America, 1947-1957. Wilmette, IL: Bahá'í Pub. Trust. pp. 122, 127–128. ISBN 9780877431459. OCLC 56560601.
- ^ National Spiritual Assembly (Sep 1954). "Settlement of goal cities". Baha'i News. No. 283. p. 3. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Jan 14, 2022.
- ^ "Bahá'í Directory; Local Bahá'í Spiritual Assemblies, groups, and localities where isolated Bahá'ís reside in the United States of America 1953-1954". Bahá'í World. Bienniel International Record. Vol. 12. Wilmette, Illinois: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. 1981 [1956]. pp. 721–727.
- ^ "Bahá'í Directory 1962-1963; Directory of localities where Bahá'ís reside under the jurisdisction of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States of America". Bahá'í World. An International Record. Vol. 13. Haifa, Israel: Universal House of Justice. 1980 [1970]. pp. 1036–1059. ISBN 9780853980995. OCLC 933786322.
- ^ Voight, Edna, for the American National Teaching Committee (Jan 1957). ""To act, … promptly and decisively"". Baha'i News. No. 311. pp. 8–9. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Feb 8, 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Bahá'í Directory; Local Bahá'í Spiritual Assemblies, groups, and localities where isolated Bahá'ís reside in the United States of America 1953-1954". Bahá'í World. Bienniel International Record. Vol. 12. Wilmette, Illinois: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. 1981 [1956]. pp. 721–727.
- ^ "Goal cities in the United States for the World Cursade at Home as of June 15, 1954". Baha'i News. No. 281. July 1954. pp. 11–2. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Dec 26, 2021.
- ^ Jesma Herbert (Sep 1954). "An Appear from the American National Teaching Committee". Baha'i News. No. 283. p. 10. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Dec 26, 2021.
- ^ "The World Crusade within the United States; Assemblies to be restored". Baha'i News. No. 293. Jul 1955. p. 5. ISSN 0195-9212. OCLC 3665115. Retrieved Feb 6, 2022.
- ^ "Bahá'í Directory 1962-1963; Directory of localities where Bahá'ís reside under the jurisdisction of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States of America". Bahá'í World. An International Record. Vol. 13. Haifa, Israel: Universal House of Justice. 1980 [1970]. pp. 1036–1059. ISBN 9780853980995. OCLC 933786322.
- ^ Note 'Twp' refers to 'Township' and may be considered the formal city limits before the growing suburbs largely had their own names
- ^ Like 'Twp', JD refers to 'Judicial District' and is a kind of civil boundary inside a city region which has growing beyond its urban roots into suburbs.