User:Nhiêu Lộc/Human skeleton

Bones

Front view of an adult human skeleton

Rear view of an adult human skeleton

One way to classify bones is by their shape or appearance.

Head

• The skull
  • The cranial bones (8)
    • The occipital bone
    • The parietal bones (2)
    • The frontal bone
    • The temporal bones (2)
    • The sphenoid bone (sometimes counted as facial)
    • The ethmoid bone (sometimes counted as facial)
  • The facial bones (15)
    • The nasal bones (2)
    • The maxillae (upper jaw) (2)
    • The lacrimal bone (2)
    • The zygomatic bone (2)
    • The palatine bone (2)
    • The inferior nasal concha (2)
    • The vomer
    • The mandible (lower jaw)
    • The hyoid bone (sometimes not counted as facial)
• In the middle ears (3 x 2)
  • malleus (2)
  • incus (2)
  • stapes (2)

Vertebral column

• The spinal vertebrae of the vertebral column (26 bones)
  • The cervical vertebrae (7)
  • The thoracic vertebrae (12)
  • The lumbar vertebrae (5)
  • The sacral vertebrae (5 at birth, later fused into one)
  • The coccygeal vertebrae (4 at birth, later fused into one)
  • The total = 33

Chest

• The sternum (1)
• The ribs (24, in 12 pairs), including:
  • (7) pairs called "true ribs" directly attached to the sternum (1st-7th pairs)
  • (3) pairs (8th,9th and 10th pairs), also known as False ribs are attached anteriorly to each other and to the 7th rib by cartilages and synovial joints
  • (2) pairs of floating ribs (11th and 12th pairs), have no anterior attachment.

Arm

• The bones of the upper arm
  • The clavicle
  • The scapula
  • The humerus
  • The ulna
  • The radius
• The hand (54 bones, 27 in each hand)
  • The carpus
    • scaphoid bone (2)
    • lunate bone (2)
    • triquetrum bone (2)
    • pisiform bone (2)
    • trapezium (2)
    • trapezoid bone (2)
    • capitate bone (2)
    • hamate bone (2)
  • The metacarpus (5 × 2)
  • The phalanges of the hand
    • proximal phalanges (5 × 2)
    • intermediate phalanges (4 × 2)
    • distal phalanges (5 × 2)

Leg

• The hip bone, comprising the fused ilium, ischium, and pubis (2)
  • The sacrum and the coccyx attach to the two hip bones to form the pelvis
• The femur
• The patella or knee cap
• The tibia
• The fibula
• The foot (52 bones in total, 26 per foot)
  • The tarsus
    • calcaneus or heel bone (2)
    • talus (2)
    • navicular bone (2)
    • medial cuneiform bone (2)
    • intermediate cuneiform bone (2)
    • lateral cuneiform bone (2)
    • cuboid bone (2)
  • The metatarsus
  • The phalanges of the foot
    • proximal phalanges (5 × 2)
    • intermediate phalanges (4 x 2)
    • distal phalanges (5 x 2)
    • The sesamoid bones