User:ClareWhitePlane/sandbox

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This article contains a list of the Coat of Arms/Seals/Emblems and/or modifications made on the Armorial of sovereign states.

Sovereign states

Country	before 1700s	1700s					1710s			1720s	1730s		1740s					1750s				1760s					1770s				1780s					1790s					1800s					1810s					1820s					1830s					1840s					1850s					1860s					1870s					1880s					1890s					1900s					1910s					1920s					1930s					1940s					1950s					1960s					1970s					1980s					1990s					2000s					2010s					2020s					Current	Country
Country	before 1700s																																																																																																																																																											Current	Country
Afghanistan																																																						1901									1919				1926	1928	1928 1929	1930																					1973	1974		1978		1980			1987			1992	1996		2001	2002	2004				2013				2021					Afghanistan
Albania																																																						1914						1926	1929					1939				1946																							1992					1998																Albania
Algeria																																																						1830																																																																1958		1962				1971			1976																									Algeria
Andorra																																												1806																														1866																																		1931							File:Coat of arms of Andorra (1949–1959).svg 1949					1959																					1993																Andorra
Angola																																																																																																								1935								1951																		1975							1992																				Angola
Antigua and Barbuda																																																																																																																							1957	1958		1962		1967																																	Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina																																															1813						1831															1861																																																																	Argentina
Armenia																																																																																																				1918	1922							1935																											1992																					Armenia
Australia																																																																																															1908		1954																																																												Australia
Austria	1522																																																																																																			1918								1934		1938			1945																																												Austria
Azerbaijan																																																																																																			1920	1952																																				1993																					Azerbaijan
Bahamas																																																																											1869																		1904																								1953						1964					1973																													Bahamas
Bahrain																																																																																																1932																				1971															2002												2022			Bahrain
Bangladesh																																																																																																																		1971												1971	1971																														Bangladesh
Barbados																																																																																			1885																																					1958		1962		1966																																	Barbados
Belarus																																																																																																				1918	1919				1927				1937		1940	1941	1944			1958																1981				1991		1995									2012							2020			Belarus
Belgium																																																										1837																																																																	Belgium
Belize																																																																																			1819																	1907																							1967								1981																			2019							Belize
Benin																																																																																			1958		1964						1975								1990																					Benin
Bhutan																																																						1949																																										Bhutan
Bolivia																																																					1825	1826																	1888																																																																2004											Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1377																																																																							1878	1878																			1918											1941			1946																							1992					1998															Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana																																																						1885																																									1966																																	Botswana
Brazil																																																	1816																						1822	1822				1840										1889																																			1960				1968												1992																				Brazil
Brunei																																																						1933					1941		1945					1950					1959																																											Brunei
Bulgaria																																																																							1878															1908																		1946	1948	1948									1967		1971										1990				1997																	Bulgaria
Burkina Faso																																																																																					1959													1984							1997																	Burkina Faso
Burundi																																																						1885																	1919																					1962		1966																																		Burundi
Cambodia																																																						1864																																																					1970		1975		1979		1981			1989	1992	1993																				Cambodia
Cameroon																																																						1884																1916																				1960		1961							1975						1986																							Cameroon
Cameroon																																																						1884																File:Coat of Arms of United Kingdom.svg 1916			1922																			1961							1975						1986																							Cameroon
Canada																																																						1868	1870		1873																1907							1921	1923																	1957																		1994																				Canada
Cape Verde																																																								1830																																									1911																															1975									1992				1999																Cape Verde
Central African Republic																																																						File:Emblem of France.svg 1903																												1958			1963						1976		1979																										Central African Republic
Chad																																																						1970																																Chad
Chile																																															1812		1819							1834																																																																	Chile
China																																																						1888																			1928^[1]										1949^[1]																																										China, People's Republic of
Colombia	1717																																1785													1811		1814	1816	1819	1820	1821				1831		1834													1861																																								1924																																														Colombia
Comoros																																																																																																		1975		1978											2001																Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic of the																																																						1908																															1960	1963				1971													1997	1999		2003		2006													Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Republic of the																																																																																							1958						1970											1991																				Congo, Republic of the
Costa Rica																																																				1823	1824	1824						1840	1842			1848																													1906																													1964																			1998																Costa Rica
Croatia	1527																																															1815																	1848									1868																										1918	1918									1939	1941	1943	1945																						1990	1990																					Croatia
Cuba																																	1785																																													1873												1898		1906																																																																	Cuba
Cyprus																																																						1844																	1878	1881																																								1960																							2006													Cyprus
Czechia	1198																																										1804																																																								1918			1920								1939			1945												1960											1990	1993																				Czech Republic
Denmark	14th c.^[2]																																																						Denmark
Djibouti																																																						1844																										1896																																								1977																												Djibouti
Dominica																																																						1871																																		1940									1958		1962								1978									1990																		Dominica
Dominican Republic																																																						1844									1860		1865																																																																	Dominican Republic
East Timor	1485																																																					1911															1942	1945															1975	1975	1976										1999		2002			2007												East Timor
Ecuador																																	1785																		1820		1821			1830		1835					1843	1845							1860																				1900																																																																	Ecuador
Egypt																																																						1844																			1882																				1922															1952			1958							1972						1984																								Egypt
El Salvador																																	1785																			1823	1826	1827								1842				1850		1854			1860	1864																1896							1912	1916					1921	1923																																																							El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea	1667				1707													1750												1778																																																																1968		1973			1979																											Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea																																																						1890																									1941	1941					1952										1975							1987		1991		1993																			Eritrea
Estonia																																																						1918											1940	1941	1944				1953																			1990																					Estonia
Eswatini																																																																																													1968																																Eswatini
Ethiopia	1897																																																					1974				1987			1991					1996							2009									Ethiopia
Fiji																																																						1871																						1908																																																											Fiji
Finland	1562																																												1809																									1858												1883																	1918	1920																															1978																										Finland
France	1643^{[citation needed]}																																			1790^{[citation needed]}												1814																																																															1940		1974																																												France
France	1643^{[citation needed]}																																			1790^{[citation needed]}												1814																																																															1940		1974																																												France
Gabon																																																						1963																																				Gabon
Gambia																																1783										1801																																										1889																																								1965																																	Gambia
Georgia	1008-1490																																								1801																																																											1918	1921																																			1990							2004														Georgia
Germany	1400																																																															1848										1867																											1919								1935			1946			1949																																										Germany
Germany	1433																																																															1848										1867																											1919								1935			1946			1950		1953		1955																																						Germany
Ghana																																																			1821																												1877																																								1957																																						Ghana
Ghana	1612																																						1795				1806			1810		1814																															1877																																								1957																																						Ghana
Greece	1378																					1769																														1822																								1833																				1862																				1967										1970			File:National emblem of Greece.svg 1978																												Greece
Greece	1378																					1769																														1822 (naval ensign)																																																																										1970			File:National emblem of Greece.svg 1978																												Greece
Grenada	1783																																										1801																																						1875													1903																												1958		1962					1974																												Grenada
Guatemala																																												1823	1825										1843			1851				1858	1871																																																											1968																																			Guatemala
Guinea																																																						1898																													1958													1984								1993									2011								Guinea
Guinea-Bissau	1667				1707													1750																														1816					1826			1830																																									1911																														1974																														Guinea-Bissau
Guyana	1581																																						1795					1806		1810		1814																														1875															1906							1919																		1955						1966																																	Guyana
Haiti	1663							1715																											1790	1791								1798		1803	1804	1806	1811		1821													1849				1859																																																						1964													1986																						Haiti
Honduras	1519																																																		1821	1823	1825							1838														1866															1898	1898																									1949																																					2022					Honduras
Hungary	1526																																																					1848	1848		1849								1867			1869–1918														1896–1915								1918	1919	1919									1940			1946	1949	1956	1956	1957																																							Hungary
Iceland	1536																																																		1809	1810																																							1900									1918													1944																																												Iceland
India	1526																																																					1858																								1906	1907	1908				1917			1921					1931							1947																																											India
India	1674																													1773																																																1906	1907	1908				1917			1921					1931							1947																																											India
Indonesia	1640																																								1800																																																																1942	1945																																											File:National Emblem of Indonesia.svg	Indonesia
Iran	1576											1736					1747											1760																																									1852																											1907														1933														1964									1980																									Iran
Iraq																																																						1858													1844																																						File:Coat of arms of Iraq 1924.svg 1921																		1958	File:Coat of arms of Iraq 1959-1963.svg 1959		File:Coat of arms of Iraq (1963-1991).svg 1963														File:Coat of arms of Iraq, 1991-2004.svg 1991							File:Coat of arms of Iraq 2004-2008.svg 2004			2008									Iraq
Ireland	1542																																									1801																																																												1922																																																							Ireland
Israel																																																						1844																																						1920													1948	1948																																										Israel
Italy																																											1802		1805			1814																									1861																																									1946																														2003		2006											Italy
Italy																																											1802		1805			1814																									1861																																						1943-april 1945			1946																														2003		2006											Italy
Ivory Coast																																																						1896																																1959																																					Ivory Coast
Jamaica	1655																																									1801																																				1875																1906																									1957	1958				1962																																	Jamaica
Japan																																																						1868																																						1945				1952																							1999																	Japan
Jordan																																																						1844																																						1920				1921														1958	1958																																					Jordan
Kazakhstan																																																				1822																		1858												1883																	1915		1917		1920					1932	1937		1940					1953																				1991	1992																				Kazakhstan
Kenya																																																						1885					1885													1921																					1963																																			Kenya
Kiribati																																																						1892																						1937			1942	1943																	1979																											Kiribati
Korea, North	960																																						1800																												1856													1882	1882		1888				1893	1893		1899						1910																	1945	1946	1946	1948																				1992																					Korea, North
Korea, South	960																																						1800																												1856													1882	1882		1888				1893	1893		1899						1910																	1945		1948	1949																		1984							1997							2011									Korea, South
Kuwait	1521																																																														1844																											1899			1914									1921									1940										1961																																				Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan																																																						1876			1883																		1918									1936								1952																			1991	1992	1992														2023					Kyrgyzstan
Laos				1707																																																					1893																														1952										1975																													Laos
Latvia	1562	1661	1692							1721																																																							1918	1919	1920										1940	1941	1944				1953																			1990																					Latvia
Lebanon	1697																																																							1844																																					1918	1920											1943																																													Lebanon
Lesotho																																						1795				1801																																				1875					1884																																									1966										1987										2006													Lesotho
Liberia																																																						1827											1847																																																																	Liberia
Libya	1711																																																					1912																			1951									1969		1972		1977																		2011										Libya
Liechtenstein	1400								1719																																																							1852																																		1921								1937																							1982																									Liechtenstein
Lithuania	1587																																					1795																																1858												1883																		1918											1940	1941	1944				1953																		1988								2004														Lithuania
Luxembourg	1482																												1781									1795										1815															1845																																																1940		1944																																												Luxembourg
Madagascar																																		1787																																																	1885					1896																															1958																																						Madagascar
Malawi																																																						1907																							1953					1963	1964																							2010	2012										Malawi
Malaysia	1641																																				1795			1801									1818			1824																																					1896																							1942	1945		1949							1963																																			Malaysia
Maldives																																							1796																																																					1903												1926													1953	1954					1965																																		Maldives
Mali																																																						1892																																	1958	1959	1961																																				Mali
Malta	1530																																							1798	1800	1801						1814																														1875												1898												1923										1943											1964																																		Malta
Marshall Islands																																																						1885		1889													1914		1919													1944	1947									1965							1979																											Marshall Islands
Mauritania																																																						1900																													1959																															2017						Mauritania
Mauritius	1666						1710																												1789											1810																													1869																			1906								1923																							1968																																Mauritius
Mexico	1519																																																		1821	1821	1823																				1864	1867												1893													1916									1934																	1968																																Mexico
Micronesia																																																						1885							1899								1914		1919													1944	1947									1965							1979																											Micronesia
Moldova	1396																																																					1834																1866								1883																	1917	1919			1925						1937	1938	1940						1952																			1990										2010											Moldova
Moldova	1396																																																					1834												1859		1862		1867																																											1952																			1990										2010											Moldova
Monaco																																					1793																																												1881																															1942	1945																																												Monaco
Mongolia																																																						1862														1890										1911							1924			1930					1940		1945																							1992										2011											Mongolia
Montenegro	1696																																																					1851												1876															1905						1918						1918														1946																							1992		1994				2004														Montenegro
Morocco	1666																																																					1913																					1956																																							Morocco
Morocco	1666																																																									1921																	1956																																							Morocco
Mozambique	1667	1707																1750																														1816					1826			1830																																									1911																															1974	1975				1983	1983																							Mozambique
Myanmar																			1753																																																														1885																										1937			1943	1945	1948														1974																		2010											Myanmar
Namibia																																																						1884															1915							1928																										1982					1990																					Namibia
Nauru																																																						1888														1914														1942	1945												1968																																Nauru
Nepal																																													1768																			1856																																											c. 1930															1962																																			Nepal
Netherlands	1581															/ 1652																						1795						1806		1810		1814																																																																	Netherlands
New Zealand																										1769																																1834			1840													1867	1869																																																																	New Zealand
Nicaragua	1524																																																			1823	1825								1839									1858													1889			1893		1896							1908																																1971																														Nicaragua
Niger																																																						1922																		1959																																					Niger
Nigeria																																																						1886							1900																															1960																																			Nigeria
Nigeria																																																						1886							1900																															1960				1967																															Nigeria
North Macedonia																																																						1844																													1903	1903				1912			1918											1941		1944	1946																						1992			1995																		North Macedonia
Norway	1536																																															1814		1818		1821															1844																				1900																																																																	Norway
Oman																																																						1856																																																									1970												1995																			Oman
Pakistan	1526														1747						1761																																												1849					1858					1880																																							1947																																											Pakistan
Palau																																																						1885							1899								1914		1919													1944	1947									1965								1981																										Palau
Palestine																																																						1844																																						1920													1948	1949				1958	1958				1967								1982						1994																			Palestine
Palestine																																																						1844																																						1920													1948	1949		1952			1958				1967								1982						1994																			Palestine
Panama	1510							1717																									1785													1811			1816	1819	1820	1821						1834													1861																						1903										1925																																														2017								Panama
Papua New Guinea																																																						1884											1906																		1942	1945		1949								1965				1971																														Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea																																																						1884		1889													1914														1942	1945		1949								1965				1971																														Papua New Guinea
Paraguay	1537							1717																									1785													1811	1811	1811	1812					1826								1842																																																								1954																	1988	1990											2013										Paraguay
Peru	1542							1717																									1785																	1820	1822	1822	1825																																																															1950																																									Peru
Peru	1542							1717																									1785																	1820	1822	1822	1825						1836																																																									1950																																									Peru
Philippines	1565																							1762	1764																											1821																																					1897	1898	1901					1908		1912		1919									1936			1942	1943	1945																			1985	1986								1998															Philippines
Poland	966	c. 1605																																				Partitions 1795						1807	1815				1815																																																1863	1919					1928					1939					1944																		1980																										Poland
Portugal	1667				1707													1750																															1816					1826		1830																																									1911																																																												Portugal
Qatar	661-750	c. 1700																																																					1860																																1916	1916							1932		1936						1949												1971																														Qatar
Romania	1330																																																					1834						1848			1859		1862		1867																																									1948	1948	1952						1965												1989	1989																					Romania
Romania	1396																																																					1834						1848			1859		1862		1867																																									1948	1948	1952						1965												1989	1989																					Romania
Russia	1668	1696																																																					1858																										1914		1917			1922		1924	1924					1936												1955																			1993																	Russia
Russia	1668	1696																																																																															1914		1917	1918	1918										1937										1954																		1991		1993																	Russia
Rwanda																																																						1885																	1919																				1959	1961	1962																			2001																Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis	1626						1713																																		1801																																				1871																																											1958		1962		1967								1983																									Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis	1663						1713																																		1801																																				1871																																													1962		1967								1983																									Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia	1663							1715						1743						1756			1762	1763					1778		1783				1789				1796		1801	1802	1803																																																	1903																			1939											1962		1967					1979													2002															Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1663							1715															1763							1778		1783									1801																																																			1903																														1962								1979			1985	1985																							Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa																																																						1858							1873			1879				1887								1900						1914				1922													1948	1949																																									Samoa
San Marino																																																						1862																																																																2011											San Marino
São Tomé and Príncipe	1667				1707													1750																															1816						1826	1830																																									1911																															1975																													São Tomé and Príncipe
Saudi Arabia	1517													1744																																				1818		1824																																	1891							1902												1926			1932	1934		1938																		1973																													Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia	1517																																																														1844																																						1920						1932	1934		1938																		1973																													Saudi Arabia
Senegal	1643																																		1789													1814								1830																																																															1958	1959	1960																																				Senegal
Serbia	1346																																									1804										1835																									1882																				1918											1941					1946																								1992						2004			2010											Serbia
Seychelles																						1756																									1811																																														1903																												1961								1976	1977									1996																		Seychelles
Sierra Leone																																					1792					1801																																												1889																																			1961																																				Sierra Leone
Singapore	1699																																																1819																													1874																								1925										1942	1945	1946						1959		1963	1965																																		Singapore
Slovakia																																																						1920									1938			1945																								1992																				Slovakia
Slovenia	1335																																									1803					1813																																																					1918	1918											1943	1945																							1991																					Slovenia
Solomon Islands																																																						1886								1906																				1942	1945	1947					1956				1966						1977																												Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands																																																									1893					1906																				1942	1945	1947					1956				1966						1977																												Solomon Islands
Somalia	1415																																																					1888						1896												1888/1920													1946							1960																																				Somalia
South Africa	1652						1664																															1795				1801																																				1875																		1910	1912									1928																									1982						1994																				South Africa
South Africa	1652						1664																															1795				1801																																				1854																		1910	1912									1928																									1982						1994																				South Africa
South Sudan																																																						1844																			1882	1885							1899												1922															1952		1956							1970																				2005						2023					South Sudan
Spain	1506	1701															1760																1785																																												1873	1875																												1931			1936	1938			1945																1977		1981																										Spain
Sri Lanka	161 BC^[3]	1593																																									1815																																																																1948		1951										1972																														Sri Lanka
Sudan																																																						1844																			1882	1885							1899												1922															1952		1956							1970																															Sudan
Suriname	1581																																						1795					1806		1810		1814																																																																1959								1975																													Suriname
Sweden	1562																																															1815															1844																															1905/1906																																																															Sweden
Switzerland	1470																																							1798		1803																																											1889																																																																	Switzerland
Syria																																																						1844																																						1920	1920	1922				1932													1958		1961	1963					1972				1980																			2024					Syria
Taiwan	1661	1683																																																					1890	1895	1895																								1945																																												China, Republic of (Taiwan)
Tajikistan																																																						1869												1883																		1918		1921			1929	1929	1931	1935	1936	1938	1940						1953																			1991	1992																				Tajikistan
Tanzania																																																						1885																	1919																					1961	1964																																			Tanzania
Tanzania																																																						1885																	1919																					1964	1964																																			Tanzania
Thailand	1680																															1782																		1817													1843																								1893												1916	1917																																																		2017							Thailand
Togo																																																						1884															1914																					1957	1958	1960																																				Togo
Tonga																																																						1858			1862						1875																																																																	Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago	1498																																								1796		1801																																													1889																																		1962																																			Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia	1574																																																					1831																																																																1999																	Tunisia
Turkey																																																						1844																																														1936																																																Turkey
Turkmenistan																																																						1868							1883																	1917		1920	1922		1926					1937		1940						1953																				1992		1997			2001															Turkmenistan
Tuvalu																																																						1892																						1937																				1976	1978							1995	1996	1997																		Tuvalu
Uganda																																																						1894										1914																								1962																																			Uganda
Ukraine	1119	1362	1471	1569																								c. 1772																																					1849																					1890														1917	1920											1941	1944		1949																					1991	1992																				Ukraine
				1569	1654	1668	1696																																																															1858																															1919				1929					1937
				1649																																																																																																	1919				1929					1937
United Arab Emirates	?-1820																																																					1892																													1968										1971																															United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom	1277^[4]	1606^[5]		1707^[6]																																										1801^[7]																																																																	United Kingdom
United Kingdom	1542^[8]	1606^[5]		1707^[6]																																										1801^[7]																																																																	United Kingdom
United States																													1775	1777									1795											1818	1819	1820	1822						1836	1837			1845	1846	1847	1848	1851		1858	1859	1861	1863	1865	1867					1877							1890	1891		1896						1908		1912																							1959	1960																																				United States
Uruguay	1624							1717																									1785														1812	1815			1821	1822		1825	1828	1830																																																																	Uruguay
Uzbekistan																																	1785																																																																1920		1924												1953																			1991																					Uzbekistan
Vanuatu																																																						1887															1906																			1953													1980																										Vanuatu
Vanuatu																																																						1887															1906												1940		1945																		1980																										Vanuatu
Vatican City	754																																									1803												1825											1849	1849										1870																													1929																																				2001											2023					Vatican City
Venezuela	1522																																1785													1811	1813	1814	1817	1819	1820	1821							1836											1859	1859	1863																					1905											1930														1954																										2006													Venezuela
Vietnam																																																						1885	1887		1890															1920												1945					1955										1976																													Vietnam
Vietnam																																																						1885	1887		1890															1920												1945	1945	1946	1948											1975	1976																													Vietnam
Yemen																																																						1872																							1918		1923		1927																		1962														1990																					Yemen
Yemen																																																						1872								1886																								1937													1962		1967												1990																					Yemen
Zambia																																																						1924														1953					1963	1964																1996																		Zambia
Zimbabwe																																																						1896													1923															1953						1964		1968			1979	1979		1980																										Zimbabwe
Country	before 1700s																																																																																																																																																											Current	Country
Country	before 1700s	1700s					1710s			1720s	1730s		1740s					1750s				1760s					1770s				1780s					1790s					1800s					1810s					1820s					1830s					1840s					1850s					1860s					1870s					1880s					1890s					1900s					1910s					1920s					1930s					1940s					1950s					1960s					1970s					1980s					1990s					2000s					2010s					2020s					Current	Country

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Xing-Fei was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Bjerg, Hans Christian (2006). Dannebrog, historien om et kristent og nationalt symbol (in Danish). Hovedland. p. 12. ISBN 978-87-7739-906-0.
^ "Sri Lanka's National Flag". The Sunday Times. 2008-02-03. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
^ Perrin, William Gordon (1922). British flags, their early history, and their development at sea; with an account of the origin of the flag as a national device. Cambridge University Press. p. 37. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1904). The art of heraldry: an encyclopædia of armory. London: T.C. & E.C. Jack. p. 399. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ Johnson, Ben. "The Act of Union". Historic UK. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ The European Magazine: And London Review. Vol. 39. Philological Society of London. 1801. p. 74.
^ National Library of Scotland (1542). "Plate from the Lindsay Armorial". Scran. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Retrieved 9 December 2009.

[Xing-Fei-1] Cite error: The named reference Xing-Fei was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[2] Bjerg, Hans Christian (2006). Dannebrog, historien om et kristent og nationalt symbol (in Danish). Hovedland. p. 12. ISBN 978-87-7739-906-0.

[3] "Sri Lanka's National Flag". The Sunday Times. 2008-02-03. Retrieved 2009-07-04.

[4] Perrin, William Gordon (1922). British flags, their early history, and their development at sea; with an account of the origin of the flag as a national device. Cambridge University Press. p. 37. Retrieved 17 November 2021.

[The_art_of_heraldry-5] Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1904). The art of heraldry: an encyclopædia of armory. London: T.C. & E.C. Jack. p. 399. Retrieved 17 November 2021.

[6] Johnson, Ben. "The Act of Union". Historic UK. Retrieved 17 November 2021.

[7] The European Magazine: And London Review. Vol. 39. Philological Society of London. 1801. p. 74.

[8] National Library of Scotland (1542). "Plate from the Lindsay Armorial". Scran. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Retrieved 9 December 2009.

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