User:Banaticus/Adoption/Wikimarkup 101

Wikimarkup 101

So by now you know how to edit pages, one of the most important features of Wikipedia. The interesting bit, however, is getting things to look, well, interesting. There are a number of different bits of code that you can use in your editing to create different effects when the page is saved - they can be as simple as bold text or italics, but different bits of code can be combined to make a very appealing layout.

I should warn you that in most cases, special formatting is frowned upon in articles. It should only be used in certain situations, and when it is necessary to illustrate a particular point. Aside from those cases, text in articles should be just as you see it in this sentence - plain black, with only the occasional wikilink to spice things up.

The editing toolbar, minus a few buttons

Here, I'm going to show you what each of the buttons on your editing toolbar does and how to use the particular bit of code it produces. There are rather a lot of them, so what I'm going to do first is show you where you can go to test all this out while you're reading. There are two places: you can go to the main sandbox that everyone uses at Wikipedia:Sandbox. This is a special page that is cleaned out every hour automatically, that gives editors a place to play with new code and vandals a place to vandalize. The only problem with the sandbox is this: Whatever you save there isn't likely to stay for long, and there is a high chance of you getting hit with a few edit conflicts. So, to avoid that, you can create your own sandbox! On Wikipedia, you are able to tack "subpages" onto your main user page to use for testing things out, writing new articles, or other projects like what we're doing here. This page, for instance, is a subpage of User:Banaticus (well, technically a subpage of a subpage). You can create user subpages by searching for the page you want to create in the search box. It won't find it, of course, however a red link will appear at the top of the page asking you if you'd like to create it.

Creating your own sandbox

To make your sandboxes, we're going to skip a few steps. This is a handy little box that we can use to start making a new page. Replace the word "YOURUSERNAME" below with your user name ("Banaticus", for example) and click the button. It will bring you to your own personal sandbox, which you can start using right away.

What all the buttons on the edit bar mean

Now that you have somewhere to test all this code out, let's start showing you what all it does. Here we go!

Toolbar Button	What it does	The code it makes	Short description	What it looks like	Notes
	Bold text	'''Bold text'''	Three apostrophes (') on either side of the bold text	Bold text	The title of an article is always in bold the first time you see it.
	Italic text	''Italic text''	Two apostrophes (') on either side of the italic text	Italic text
	Internal, or "Wiki" link	[[Link Title]]	Two square brackets on either side of the link	Link Title OR Wikipedia OR User:Tiptoety/Adopt	Pages that do not exist appear in red (Hence the name "red link"), blue if they do exist, and in bold if they link to the page they are on.
	Internal link, but this time with a twist	[[Link Title|displayed text]]	An internal link, with a pipe (usually found under the backspace) separating the title and the text to be displayed	The free encyclopedia	By inserting a pipe, you can make different text appear. Clicking on the link to the left will bring you to Wikipedia.
	External link	[http://www.example.org link title]	A single square bracket on either side of the URL and title. The URL and link title are separated by a space.	link title	The arrow you see indicates an external link. Other symbols represent other types of pages: A lock for an https:// or "secure" site, an Adobe PDF logo for .pdf extensions, a smiley-face speech bubble for irc:// channels, among others.
	Level 2 section heading	== Headline text ==	Two equals signs on either side of the headline.	To avoid breaking the Table of Contents, I will not demonstrate this here.	Lower-level headers can be created with more equals signs. Only one equals sign on either side makes a level 1, usually only found in the title of the page. Level 2 headers are most common, and levels 3 and lower allow more specific divisions.
	Insert image	[[Image:Example.png]]	Exactly the same as an internal link, however the pipe works differently. The Image: prefix and .jpg (or whatever) extension MUST be present.		The image size, framing, location, and captioning can all be controlled using the pipe character mentioned before. The most common application is [[Image:Example.png|thumb|caption here]], which produces a captioned thumbnail as you see in the picture of the toolbar above. Further settings are described either in Wikipedia:Extended image syntax or Wikipedia:Picture tutorial
	Insert media	[[Media:Example.ogg]] OR [[Image:Example.ogg]]	Exactly the same as an internal link, however pipes should not be used. The "Media:" OR "Image:" prefix and ".ogg" extension MUST be present.	Media:Pinafore airs 1.ogg OR	Sound files are always in .ogg format, for reasons we'll get to later on. Don't worry if you've never heard of it before, the MediaWiki software features a built-in player, which you can get to appear by using the "Image:" prefix instead of "Media:". It doesn't make any sense to me, but that's how it works.
	Mathematical formula	<math>Insert formula here</math>	Two math "tags", a technical term (not really) for two angle brackets surrounding the word "math". A closing tag is indicated with a slash.	$a^{2} b^{2}=c^{2}$	This gets super-complicated and math formulas are only used on a limited number of articles anyway, so I won't go into too much detail. If you really want to play with it, there's an index of character codes at Help:Math -- it basically just uses LaTeX.
	Ignore wiki formatting	<nowiki>[[Insert]] '''non-formatted''' ''text'' here</nowiki>	Two "nowiki" tags.	[[Insert]] '''non-formatted''' ''text'' here	This code I've been using throughout the table to show you the code. Any wikimarkup inside a nowiki tag is ignored and displayed as written.
	Signature with time stamp	~~~~	The operative bit of the code is four tildes (that squiggly bit next to the 1 key).	Banaticus (talk) Banaticus (talk) 08:44, 10 March 2011 (UTC) 08:44, 10 March 2011 (UTC)	Three tildes (top) only displays your signature. Four tildes (middle) shows your signature with a timestamp and is most commonly used. Five tildes (bottom) gives only the timestamp.
	Horizontal line	----	Four dashes.		Please use sparingly.
Buttons shown below this line are only used on Wikipedia. While the code will do the same thing on other wikis, you may not see a button for it on your toolbar.
	Create a redirect	#REDIRECT [[Insert title]]	The phrase "#REDIRECT" followed by a wikilink to the target page.	Preview "Acidic", a redirect page	Redirects are intended to correct spelling and capitalization mistakes in searches (since the search sucks) and reduce confusion over related terms. Any link to a redirect page will send you instead to the target - for example, click on Acidic and see where it takes you. WARNINGS: The code must be on the first line of a page to operate. Also, NEVER redirect to a redirect. This creates a "double redirect", which can screw up the server, your browser, and your brain, if you're the one trying to search for something. Also, spiders will catalog a redirect as the actual page. That being said, it takes 27 calls on the parser to fix a redirect to point elsewhere and only two to actually follow it, so don't get too zealous about fixing double redirects.
	Strike-through text	<s>Strike-through text</s>	This is one of the few active HTML tags. It's two "s" tags around the text.	Strike-through text	This is usually used when someone is retracting a comment they made in a discussion or talk page, but wishes to leave the comment visible as a matter of record. Note that even if something is removed on Wikipedia, you can still find it in the history.
	Line break	Before<br />After	Again, an HTML tag. A single tag with two variations: <br> or <br />. The only difference is that the first is HTML and the latter is XHTML, which might mean something to you, but it doesn't really matter on Wikipedia.	Before After	Useful on Wikipedia because simply hitting "Enter" doesn't work -- extra whitespace is automatically removed. You have to hit enter twice to make a new paragraph, or use this to knock it down a single line.
	Superscript	x<sup>3</sup>	HTML "sup" tags	x3	Not much to say here. This is NOT what you use to make footnotes, though. That button comes later. This also doesn't work in math formulas, so don't try it.
	Subscript	H<sub>2</sub>O	HTML "sub" tags	H2O	See above.
	Smaller text	<small>Small Text</small> Big text	HTML "small" tags	Small Text Big text	Nothing to say here either.
	Comment	<!-- Comment -->	Same as the HTML code for comments. Angle bracket, exclamation point, two dashes, your comment, two dashes, closing angle bracket.		Note how nothing appeared in that box. There is something there, it just didn't display. Comments are usually used to leave unobtrusive messages to editors about articles. For a funny example of a comment in action, go look at the edit history of an old version of the Madness page.
	Picture gallery	<gallery> Image:Example.png|Caption1 Image:Example.png|Caption2 </gallery>	Two "gallery" tags, which enclose a list of images to be included in the gallery. Captions can be added by inserting a pipe after the image name, followed by the caption.	Demonstration not possible here. Click the link to the left to see an example.	Galleries are a way to show several pictures in an article without cluttering them up, but they have been criticized for being "tacky," and really should be used sparingly.
	Quoted text (appears indented)	other text<blockquote> abc </blockquote>other text	Two "blockquote" tags around the quote	other text abc other text	Should be used for extended quotes. If you use this, make sure to provide a source for the quote, and to use direct quotes as little as possible to avoid copyright infringement.
	Insert table	{| class="wikitable" |- abc |}	Table syntax is complicated, and we'll cover that later on.	This is a table.	Like I said, we can cover this in a separate lesson if you want. It's not something I'm going to require.
	Add a reference (footnote)	blah blah<ref>Reference</ref>	Two "ref" tags around the reference text.	blah blah	References are displayed using the code <references />. There's a fancy bit of coding you can do to make the same reference appear multiple times, demonstrated in the second line. By adding a name="blah" parameter to the first instance of a reference, you can make the same reference appear more than once. I have these footnotes displayed below the table so you can see how they appear.
	Add a duplicate reference	blah blah<ref name="copy">Duplicate</ref> blah blah<ref name="copy"/>	The duplicate reference has a slash at the end of the tag.	blah blah blah blah

The references

(That was a level 4 header, with four equals signs)

Other stuff

You can make lists and indents by adding characters to the beginning of a paragraph, like so:

A space before your paragraph will make the paragraph display in a box with machine font, and will cause it to run off the page if it is long enough.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

A colon (:) will cause a block indent, with all lines starting away from the edge of the page.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

An asterisk (*) will make a bullet.

• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

A pound or number sign (#) makes a numbered list.

1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
2. Curabitur pretium tincidunt lacus. Nulla gravida orci a odio. Nullam varius, turpis et commodo pharetra, est eros bibendum elit, nec luctus magna felis sollicitudin mauris. Integer in mauris eu nibh euismod gravida. Duis ac tellus et risus vulputate vehicula. Donec lobortis risus a elit. Etiam tempor. Ut ullamcorper, ligula eu tempor congue, eros est euismod turpis, id tincidunt sapien risus a quam. Maecenas fermentum consequat mi. Donec fermentum. Pellentesque malesuada nulla a mi. Duis sapien sem, aliquet nec, commodo eget, consequat quis, neque. Aliquam faucibus, elit ut dictum aliquet, felis nisl adipiscing sapien, sed malesuada diam lacus eget erat. Cras mollis scelerisque nunc. Nullam arcu. Aliquam consequat. Curabitur augue lorem, dapibus quis, laoreet et, pretium ac, nisi. Aenean magna nisl, mollis quis, molestie eu, feugiat in, orci. In hac habitasse platea dictumst.

You can mix and match the last three characters to get several different effects. The only caveat, though, is that you must have a continual line of #'s in order to maintain the numbering. This does not mean, however, that the numbered list has to be displayed at all times. See below for an example:

This code	Produces this
:Lorem :*Ipsum :*#Dolor :*#Sit :*#*Amet :*#Consectetur Adipisicing :::Edit	Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet Consectetur Adipisicing Edit

Note that you don't have to hit enter twice when starting a new line from one of these types of paragraphs. However, when you don't use them, you do. Those last two sentences are on a different line from this one in the editing box, but there is no line break when they are displayed.

That's all I have for now. Please let me know what questions you have, although try playing with the code in your sandbox first.

The assignment

Create a sandbox and just play around. Show me that you know all the stuff that I taught in the lesson above. Please don't just copy it all, just have fun with it and tell me when you are done. :D