Wikipedia

Uralvagonzavod

UralVagonZavod (Russian: ОАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «УралВагонЗавод», romanized: OAO "Nauchno-proizvodstvennaya korporatsiya "UralVagonZavod", lit. 'Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation Ural Wagon Factory"') is a Russian machine-building company located in Nizhny Tagil, Russia.

UralVagonZavod
Native name
УралВагонЗавод (in Russian)
Company typePublic limited company
IndustryDefense industry
Machine industry
FoundedOctober 11, 1936; 88 years ago (1936-10-11)
Headquarters
Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast
,
Russia
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Vladimir Artyakov (Chairman)
Alexander Potapov (CEO)
ProductsArtillery, howitzers, self-propelled artillery, naval artillery, mortars, tanks, main battle tanks, military vehicles, remote weapon stations, turrets, autocannons, tractors, bulldozers, heavy equipment, railway vehicles, containers
Revenue$1.97 billion[1][2] (2016; 2018)
$81.1 million[3] (2016)
−$79.1 million[1] (December 2016)
OwnerRostec (97.5%)[4]
Number of employees
30,000 est.
ParentRostec
Websiteuralvagonzavod.ru
A building of Uralvagonzavod, 2005

It is one of the largest scientific and industrial complexes in Russia[5] and the largest main battle tank manufacturer in the world.[6]

Etymology

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The name Уралвагонзавод means Ural Railroad Car (wagon) Factory.

History

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The plant was built during 1931–1936, mostly during the second Soviet five-year plan. It opened on October 11, 1936, and was named after Felix Dzerzhinsky. Initially it manufactured freight cars.[7]

After the German invasion of 1941, Joseph Stalin ordered hundreds of factories in Ukraine and western Russia to be evacuated east. The KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv was moved to Nizhny Tagil by rail, and merged with the Dzerzhinsky Works, to form the Stalin Ural Tank Factory No. 183. During the Second World War it became the largest producer of tanks in the world, including the T-34.[8] For its services, Uralvagonzavod received several honorary awards between 1941–1945, including the Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1942), Order of the Red Banner (1943), Order of Lenin (1944), Order of the Patriotic War (1945).[7]

After the war, tank production was scaled down. Part of the Vagonka's manufacturing and design assets were transferred back to Kharkiv's Diesel Factory No. 75 during 1945–1951. Uralvagonzavod was expanded to produce other kinds of machinery: agricultural, construction, aviation, and space, including design and production of the Vostok, Voskhod, Proton and Energia expendable rockets.[9]

Aleksandr Morozov left UVZ to lead the tank design bureau in Kharkiv in 1951, taking many of his engineers with him.[10] Morozov was replaced by A. V. Kolesnikov in the interim.[10] Leonid N. Kartsev was promoted to Section 520 chief designer in 1953, days before the death of Joseph Stalin.[11] After his promotion, Kartsev was approached by the NKVD and told to hand over his jewish workers. Kartsev refused. The conflict was resolved following a coup led by Nikita Khrushchev that removed Lavrentiy Beria from power.[12]

At the Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520), the T-54A and T-55 (a development of Morozov's T-54), T-62, T-72, and T-90 tanks were designed.[9] The design bureau was working on a next-generation main battle tank, rumored to be called the T-95, until this project was cancelled in May 2010.[13] It manufactures Russia's newest main battle tank, the T-14 Armata.[14]

In July 2014, the Obama administration imposed sanctions, through the US Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) by adding Uralvagonzavod and other entities to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) in retaliation for the ongoing annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation and the Russian interference in Ukraine.[15][16] The United Kingdom also imposed sanctions from 12 September 2014.[17]

As of December 2016, UVZ has been transferred to Rostec, following a presidential decree.[18]

In 2020, the company's revenue amounted to 28 billion rubles.[19]

In 2022, Uralvagonzavod was placed under additional sanctions as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[20]

In March 2022, the EU imposed sanctions on Uralvagonzavod after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[21]

Operations

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The company's main products include railway cars, tanks, road-building vehicles, agricultural vehicles such as the RT-M-160, metallurgical products, tools and consumer goods.[5]

Production of T-90 main battle tanks accounts for 18–20% of the company's overall production.[22] In 2008, Uralvagonzavod produced about 175 tanks, including 62 T-90As for the Russian Ministry of Defense and 60 T-90Ss for India.[6] This represents the highest level of tank production at UralVagonZavod and in Russia as a whole since 1993. According to Moscow Defense Brief, in 2008 the number of tanks produced by the company, was greater than the number of main battle tanks produced by all the other countries of the world put together.[6]

Railway cars and other civilian production amounted to two-thirds of the company's overall output in 2008.[23]

In 2011, the company's revenue was $3 billion. The net profit was $0.33 billion.[24]

In July 2023, Russian Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu stated that the supplies and overhaul of T-72 and T-90 tanks by Uralvagonzavod had surged 3.6 times since early 2022.[25] It was reported by the company in late December 2023 that it had successfully performed the year's state defense order for T-90M and modernized T-72B3M tanks.[26]

Awards

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In 2011 UVZ won in two nominations of the annual interregional award «Results of the year of the Urals and Siberia-2011».

References

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  1. ^ a b Error: Unable to display the reference from Wikidata properly. Technical details:
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  2. ^ SIPRI Arms Industry Database, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Wikidata Q105906798
  3. ^ "Консолидированная финансовая отчетность за год, закончившийся 31 декабря 2016 года, и аудиторское заключение - Акционерное Общество «Научно производственная корпорация «Уралвагонзавод» имени Ф. Э. Дзержинского»" (PDF).
  4. ^ "Список аффилированных лиц" [List of affiliates]. e-disclosure.ru. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  5. ^ a b "Uralvagonzavod". Globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 2009-07-11. Retrieved 19 May 2009.
  6. ^ a b c Barabanov, Mikhail. "Russian Tank Production Sets a New Record". Moscow Defense Brief (#2(16)). Moscow: Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies.
  7. ^ a b Lyutskov 2015.
  8. ^ Benua 2015.
  9. ^ a b Zamyatin 2020.
  10. ^ a b Kinnear & Sewell 2001, p. 13.
  11. ^ Kinnear & Sewell 2001, p. 8.
  12. ^ Kinnear & Sewell 2001, p. 14.
  13. ^ Shunkov 2017, p. 108.
  14. ^ Shunkov 2017, p. 140.
  15. ^ "Ukraine-related Sanctions; Publication of Executive Order 13662 Sectoral Sanctions Identifications List". treasury.gov. 16 July 2014.
  16. ^ "Announcement of Treasury Sanctions on Entities Within the Financial Services and Energy Sectors of Russia, Against Arms or Related Materiel Entities, and those Undermining Ukraine's Sovereignty". treasury.gov. 16 July 2014.
  17. ^ "CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK" (PDF). 6 April 2022.
  18. ^ "Rostec takes control of armoured vehicle group Uralvagonzavod | IHS Jane's 360". Archived from the original on 2016-12-31. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
  19. ^ "АО "Концерн "Уралвагонзавод"". www.rusprofile.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  20. ^ "SANCTIONED COMPANIES UralVagonZavod". Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  21. ^ "EU introduces additional sanctions against Russia". 17 March 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  22. ^ Makienko, Konstantin. "Economic Crisis and Russia's Defense Industry". Moscow Defense Brief (#1(15)/2009). Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. Archived from the original on 2009-03-24. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  23. ^ "What the Russian papers say". RIA Novosti. 2009-01-07. Archived from the original on 2009-07-03. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
  24. ^ "UVZ investor relations". 2012-07-19. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28.
  25. ^ "ЦАМТО / / Сергей Шойгу рассказал о ситуации на фронте и наращивании производства предприятиями ОПК".
  26. ^ "ЦАМТО / / Уралвагонзавод завершил гособоронзаказ 2023 года". armstrade.org (in Russian). 2023-12-28. Retrieved 2023-12-29.

Bibliography

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  • Kinnear, James; Sewell, Stephen L. (Cookie) (11 May 2021). Soviet T-62 Main Battle Tank. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472848222.
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