The United Garment Workers of America (UGW or UGWA) was a United States labor union which existed between 1891 and 1994. It was an affiliate of the American Federation of Labor.
United Garment Workers of America | |
 | |
| Merged into | United Food and Commercial Workers |
|---|---|
| Founded | April 1891 |
| Dissolved | 1994 |
| Location | |
| Members | 15,000 (1994) |
| Affiliations | AFL–CIO |
History
editThe UGWA was formed in New York in April 1891 and led a successful strike of 16,000 garment workers in New York City in 1893, but soon adopted a more conservative, conciliatory tone with manufacturers.[1]
Thomas A. Rickert of Chicago served as UGW's president from 1904 [2] through at least 1939.[3]
At the UGW's 1914 convention in Nashville, Tennessee, a number of large urban locals, with stronger Socialist loyalties and more willingness to strike, and who represented a full two-thirds of the national membership, split off to form the rival Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America under Hillman's founding leadership.
In 1994, the UGW's 15,000 members merged into the United Food and Commercial Workers.
Strikes
editThe union came to national attention with the 1910 Chicago Garment Workers' Strike, which had started as a spontaneous strike on September 22, by a handful of women workers at Hart Schaffner & Marx. It spread to a citywide labor action of almost 40,000 workers that lasted until February 1911. Chicago was then the largest producer of men's garments in the United States, Hart Schaffner & Marx the largest of Chicago manufacturers, and UGW the only union in the industry.[4]
The strike was a bitter one, with hundreds of strikers injured and two killed. Future union president Sidney Hillman was a rank-and-file leader, and lawyer Clarence Darrow was involved with the settlement negotiations. The action not only pitted workers against management and against Chicago police on horseback, it also exposed divisions in the union—namely that the organization did not support its unskilled members. Similar allegations dogged the UGA's mishandling of the 1913 New York Garment Workers Strike, a nine-week walkout of some 85,000 workers.[5]
Later UGW strikes included one in February, 1913, in Rochester, New York, where striker Ida Braiman was killed and others wounded by gunfire.[6] During a subsequent strike in Chicago in October 1915, striker Edward Kapper was killed in a riot on October 26,[7] and 10-year-old bystander Leo Schroeder was crushed by a mob on the 29th.[8]
Presidents
edit- 1895: Charles Reichers
- 1897: Bernard A. Larger
- 1898: ?
- 1900: Bernard A. Larger
- 1904: Thomas A. Rickert
- 1941: Joseph McGurdy
- 1975: Howard Collins
- 1977: William O'Donnell
- 1987: Earl Carroll
- 1991: David Johnson
References
edit- ^ "Syracuse University Press".
- ^ Clothing trade journal, Volumes 18–19, January 1921
- ^ Time, March 13, 1939
- ^ Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Working-Class History, Volume 1 By Eric Arnesen, page 56
- ^ "University Settlement of New York City". 21 January 2011.
- ^ Eisenstadt, Peter R. (2005). The Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815608080.
- ^ The Clothing Workers of Chicago 1910-1922. Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. 1922. pp. 101–103. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ^ "Boy Dead in Cops' Rush After Monster Strike". Chicago Day Book. 30 September 1915. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
