A Trypanosomiasis vaccine is a vaccine against trypanosomiasis. No effective vaccine currently exists, but development of a vaccine is the subject of current research.
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has been involved in funding research conducted by the Sabin Vaccine Institute and others.[1]
There are many obstacles to development of such a vaccine. One obstacle is variant surface glycoprotein which makes it difficult for the immune system to recognize the infectious organism.[2] Also, Trypanosoma brucei has a direct inhibitory effect upon B cells.[3]
It has been suggested that these challenges could be overcome by a vaccine against the initial antigens,[4] or generating an immune response against the cysteine protease (for example, cruzipain).[5][6]
An effective vaccine was achieved in 2021 using a mouse model of infection with Trypanosoma vivax.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "US Fraunhofer Center receives Grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-Intellectual Property". Retrieved 2009-01-15.
- ^ Dagenais TR, Demick KP, Bangs JD, Forest KT, Paulnock DM, Mansfield JM (January 2009). "T-Cell Responses to the Trypanosome Variant Surface Glycoprotein Are Not Limited to Hypervariable Subregions". Infect. Immun. 77 (1): 141–51. doi:10.1128/IAI.00729-08. PMC 2612290. PMID 18936180.141-51&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612290#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/18936180&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128/IAI.00729-08&rft.aulast=Dagenais&rft.aufirst=TR&rft.au=Demick, KP&rft.au=Bangs, JD&rft.au=Forest, KT&rft.au=Paulnock, DM&rft.au=Mansfield, JM&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612290&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Trypanosomiasis vaccine" class="Z3988">
- ^ Radwanska M, Guirnalda P, De Trez C, Ryffel B, Black S, Magez S (May 2008). Riley EM (ed.). "Trypanosomiasis-Induced B Cell Apoptosis Results in Loss of Protective Anti-Parasite Antibody Responses and Abolishment of Vaccine-Induced Memory Responses". PLOS Pathog. 4 (5): e1000078. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000078. PMC 2386555. PMID 18516300.
- ^ "Trypanosomiasis". Retrieved 2009-01-15.
- ^ Lalmanach G, Boulangé A, Serveau C, et al. (May 2002). "Congopain from Trypanosoma congolense: drug target and vaccine candidate". Biol. Chem. 383 (5): 739–49. doi:10.1515/BC.2002.077. PMID 12108538. S2CID 22315392.739-49&rft.date=2002-05&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22315392#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/12108538&rft_id=info:doi/10.1515/BC.2002.077&rft.aulast=Lalmanach&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Boulangé, A&rft.au=Serveau, C&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Trypanosomiasis vaccine" class="Z3988">
- ^ Authié E, Boulangé A, Muteti D, Lalmanach G, Gauthier F, Musoke AJ (November 2001). "Immunisation of cattle with cysteine proteinases of Trypanosoma congolense: targeting the disease rather than the parasite". Int. J. Parasitol. 31 (13): 1429–33. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00266-1. PMID 11595229.1429-33&rft.date=2001-11&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00266-1&rft_id=info:pmid/11595229&rft.aulast=Authié&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Boulangé, A&rft.au=Muteti, D&rft.au=Lalmanach, G&rft.au=Gauthier, F&rft.au=Musoke, AJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Trypanosomiasis vaccine" class="Z3988">
- ^ Autheman, Delphine; Crosnier, Cécile; Clare, Simon; Goulding, David A.; Brandt, Cordelia; Harcourt, Katherine; Tolley, Charlotte; Galaway, Francis; Khushu, Malhar; Ong, Han; Romero-Ramirez, Alessandra (July 2021). "An invariant Trypanosoma vivax vaccine antigen induces protective immunity". Nature. 595 (7865): 96–100. Bibcode:2021Natur.595...96A. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03597-x. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34040257.96-100&rft.date=2021-07&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/s41586-021-03597-x&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info:pmid/34040257&rft_id=info:bibcode/2021Natur.595...96A&rft.aulast=Autheman&rft.aufirst=Delphine&rft.au=Crosnier, Cécile&rft.au=Clare, Simon&rft.au=Goulding, David A.&rft.au=Brandt, Cordelia&rft.au=Harcourt, Katherine&rft.au=Tolley, Charlotte&rft.au=Galaway, Francis&rft.au=Khushu, Malhar&rft.au=Ong, Han&rft.au=Romero-Ramirez, Alessandra&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-021-03597-x&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Trypanosomiasis vaccine" class="Z3988">