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Trinity College Chapel is the chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge, a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Part of a complex of Grade I listed buildings at Trinity, it dates from the mid 16th century.[2][3] It is an Anglican church in the Anglo-Catholic tradition.
 Trinity College Chapel | |
 | |
| 52°12′27″N 0°07′03″E / 52.2074°N 0.1175°E | |
| Location | Trinity College, Cambridge |
|---|---|
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Tradition | Anglo-Catholic |
| History | |
| Founded | 1567 |
| Founder(s) | Mary I of England, Elizabeth I |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade I listed |
| Designated | 25 April 1950[1] |
| Architectural type | Tudor Gothic |
| Style | Perpendicular |
| Years built | 1554–1555 |
| Completed | 1567 |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 205 feet (62 m) |
| Width | 33 feet (10 m) |
| Laity | |
| Director of music | Steven Grahl (from January 2024) |
| Music group(s) | Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge |
Building and architecture
edit
The chapel was begun in 1554–55 by order of Queen Mary and was completed in 1567 by her half-sister, Elizabeth I.[4] The architectural style is Tudor-Gothic, with Perpendicular tracery and pinnacles. The roof is of an earlier style than the rest of the building, and may have been re-used from the chapel of King's Hall, the college which preceded Trinity on this site. Only the walls and roof are of Tudor date, but the walls were re-faced in ashlar in the 19th-century and present slate roof-covering is modern.[5] The whole chapel was restored by Edward Blore in 1832 and further work took place between 1868 and 1873 when Arthur Blomfield added the vestry, Choir-room and porch, and the Chapel re-roofed, painted and glazed.[2]
Windows
editThe original white-glass windows with religious inscriptions were replaced as part of the redecoration of the chapel that took place between 1871 and 1875. The cost of the redecoration works was £20,000 (equivalent to £2.4 million in 2023) of which £11,000 (equivalent to £1.3 million in 2023) was raised by subscriptions.[6][7] This late Victorian pictorial stained glass was designed by Pre-Raphaelite artist Henry Holiday to a scheme devised by Trinity theologians, B.F. Westcott and F.J.A. Hort.[8] They comprise eight windows on the north side and seven on the south side of the quire, each depicting eight figures representing features or movements of the related period, in roughly historical sequence and arranged in an upper and lower row of four. The cost of the windows was supported by donors who were Trinity alumni themselves or given in dedication to the memory of alumni.[9]
The table below contains details of each window, with Latin inscription and related article link.
| Window | Theme | (West) People (East) | Donor(s) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North 1 | Disciples of Christ | S. MARIA MAGD. Mary Magdalene |
S. THOMAS Thomas the Apostle |
S. MARTHA Martha |
S. MARIA MARTHÆ SOROR Mary, sister of Martha |
T. J. Phillips Jodrell |
| NICODEMUS Nicodemus |
S. NATHANIEL Saint Nathaniel |
S. PHILIPPUS Philip the Apostle |
S. ANDREAS Andrew the Apostle | |||
| South 1 | Evangelists and Teachers | S. IACOBUS MI. James the Less |
S. PETRUS Saint Peter |
S. PAULUS Paul the Apostle |
APOLLOS Apollos |
Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro |
| S. MATTHAEUS Matthew the Apostle |
S. MARCUS Mark the Evangelist |
S. LUCAS Luke the Evangelist |
S. JOHANNES St John the Evangelist | |||
| North 2 | The Ante-Nicene Church | S. CYPRIANUS Cyprian |
ORIGENES Origen |
TERTULLIANUS Tertullian |
S. PERPETUA Perpetua |
William George Clark |
| S. PANTÆNUS Pantænus |
S. JUSTINUS MAR. Justin Martyr |
S. IGNATIUS Ignatius of Antioch |
S. CLEMENS ROM. Pope Clement I | |||
| South 2 | The Church of the First Days | CORNELIVS Cornelius the Centurion |
S. DIONYSIVS Dionysius the Areopagite |
LYDIA Lydia of Thyatira |
ONESIMVS Onesimus |
Revd Henry John Hotham[note 1] |
| S. BARNABAS Barnabas |
S. STEPHANVS Saint Stephen |
S. TIMOTHEVS Saint Timothy |
PHŒBE Phoebe | |||
| North 3 | The Western Church | S. GREGORIUS M. Pope Gregory I |
S. BENEDICTUS Benedict of Nursia |
S. LEO MAGNUS Pope Leo I |
S. MARTIN TUR. Martin of Tours |
Revd Spencer Mansel, in memory of William Lort Mansel |
| S. AUGUSTINUS HIP. Augustine of Hippo |
S. MONNICA Saint Monica |
S. HIERONYMUS Jerome |
S. AMBROSIUS Ambrose | |||
| South 3 | The Eastern Church | EUSEBIUS PAMPH. Eusebius |
IMP. CONSTANTINUS M. Constantine the Great |
HELENA AUG. Helena, mother of Constantine I |
IMP. JUSTINIANUS Justinian I |
Mrs Thrupp in memory of Joseph Francis Thrupp |
| S. ATHANASIUS Athanasius of Alexandria |
S. BASILIUS M. Basil of Caesarea |
S. EPHRAEM SYRUS Ephrem the Syrian |
S. JO. CHRYSOSTOMUS John Chrysostom | |||
| North 4 | Latin Christianity | GIOTTUS Giotto |
FRANCISCUS ASSIS Francis of Assisi |
GREGORIUS VII Pope Gregory VII |
COLUMBANUS Columbanus |
Coutts Trotter |
| DANTES ALLIGH Dante Alighieri |
LUDOVICUS IX Louis IX of France |
THOMAS AQUINAS Thomas Aquinas |
IMP. CAROLUS M. Charlemagne | |||
| South 4 | The Anglo-Saxon Church | BONAFACIUS AP. GER. Saint Boniface |
BEDA VENERABILIS Bede |
ALCUINUS Alcuin |
ALFREDUS REX Alfred the Great |
Mrs Mathison, in memory of the Revd William Collings Mathison[note 2] |
| ALBANUS MARTYR Saint Alban |
AUGUSTINUS ARCH. CANT. Augustine of Canterbury |
BERTHA REG. CANT. Bertha of Kent |
THEODORUS ARCH. CANT. Theodore of Tarsus | |||
| North 5 | English Ecclesiastical Life before the Reformation | WOLSEY CARDINALIS Thomas Wolsey |
GULIELMUS EP. WINTON William of Wykeham |
ROBERTUS EP. LINCOLN Robert Grosseteste |
HUGO EP. LINCOLN Hugh of Avalon |
Augustus Arthur VanSittart |
| STEPHANUS ARCHIEP. CANT. Stephen Langton |
THOMAS ARCHIEP. CANT. Thomas Becket |
ANSELMUS ARCHIEP. CANT. Anselm of Canterbury |
LANFRANCUS ARCHIEP. CANT Lanfranc | |||
| South 5 | English National Life before the Reformation | EDWARDUS WALL PR. Edward the Black Prince |
JO. DUNS SCOTUS Duns Scotus |
GALFR. CHAUCER Geoffrey Chaucer |
GULL. CAXTON William Caxton |
Joseph Barber Lightfoot |
| SIMON DE MONTFORT Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester |
MATTHÆUS PARIS Matthew Paris |
EDWARDUS PRIMUS Edward I of England |
FR. ROGER BACON Roger Bacon | |||
| North 6 | Founders and Benefactors of the University and College | MARIA REG. Mary I of England |
HENRICUS VIII Henry VIII of England |
EDWARDUS III Edward III of England |
HERV. DE STANTON Hervey de Stanton |
Benjamin Gray |
| H. DE BALSHAM EP. EL. Hugh de Balsham |
HENRICUS III Henry III of England |
ETHELDREDA ABB. Æthelthryth |
SIGEBERTUS ANGLOR. REX Sigeberht of East Anglia | |||
| South 6 | The English Reformation | H. LATIMER EP. VIG. Hugh Latimer |
EDWARDUS VI Edward VI |
N. RIDLEY EP. LOND. Nicholas Ridley |
ELIZABETH REG. Elizabeth I |
Robert Burn |
| IO. WYCLIFFE John Wycliffe |
DES. ERASMUS Erasmus |
W. TYNDALE William Tyndale |
T. CRANMER ARCHIEP. Thomas Cranmer | |||
| North 7 | University and College Worthies | T. NEVILE Thomas Nevile |
IO. WHITGIFT ARCH. John Whitgift |
M. BUCER Martin Bucer |
IO. REDMAN John Redman |
Edward William Blore |
| C. TUNSTALL. EP. DUN. Cuthbert Tunstall |
IO. FISHER EP. ROFF. John Fisher |
IO. DE BAGGESHOTE John de Baggeshott[note 3] |
GU. DE BUXTON Walter de Buxton[note 4] | |||
| South 7 | Worthies of the College | H. SPELMAN Henry Spelman |
IO. DOM. CRAVEN John Craven, 1st Baron Craven of Ryton |
A. MARVEL Andrew Marvell |
IO. HACKET EP. LICH. John Hacket |
M.R. Cope, Esq., in memory of his brother, the Revd Edward Meredith Cope |
| FR. BACON Francis Bacon |
IO. DONNE John Donne |
G. HERBERT George Herbert |
E. COKE. Edward Coke | |||
| North 8 | Worthies of Trinity College | R. BENTLEY Richard Bentley |
IS. NEWTON Isaac Newton |
R. COTES Roger Cotes |
IO. RAY John Ray |
Joseph Prior,[note 5] Mrs Thompson in memory of George Peacock and Charles de la Pryme in memory of George Pryme |
| IO. DRYDEN John Dryden |
A. COWLEY Abraham Cowley |
IS. BARROW Isaac Barrow |
IO. PEARSON John Pearson | |||
Memorials
editThere are many memorials to former fellows of Trinity within the chapel,[13] some statues, some brasses, including two memorials to graduates and fellows who died during both World Wars. There are also several graves dating from earlier periods.[5]
Organ
editThe chapel has a fine organ, originally built by "Father" Smith in 1694. Many alterations were made over the years until, in 1913, an almost totally new organ was built. Some of the pipes were so large that they would not fit in the organ loft and instead had to stand in a corner of the ante-chapel. In 1976 the present mechanical-action instrument, based on the surviving pipework and within the original cases, was completed by the Swiss firm Metzler Söhne. There are regular recitals on Sundays during term time.[14]
Choir
editThe Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge is composed of around thirty male and female Choral Scholars and two Organ Scholars, all of whom are undergraduates of the College. Besides singing the liturgy in the chapel, the choir has an extensive programme of performances and recordings. The current Director of Music is Steven Grahl.[15]
Burial ground
editThe Ascension Parish Burial Ground contains the graves or interred cremations of twenty-seven fellows of Trinity College, including three Vice-Masters.
List of deans of Chapel
editThe Dean of Chapel holds responsibility for the Chapel and the Clergy at Trinity.
- 1873–1877: Handley Moule[16]
- ? – ? Frederick Arthur Simpson[17]
- 1923–1943: Hugh Fraser Stewart
- 1943–1958: John Burnaby
- 1958-1969: Harry Williams
- 1969–1983: John Robinson
- 1984–1991: John Bowker
- 1991–2006: Arnold Browne
- 2006–present: Michael Banner[18]
List of memorials/graves
edit
Notes
edit- ^ Hotham, Henry John, 1814–1900 (clergyman)[10]
- ^ Mathison, William Collings, 1817/8–1870 (educationalist and clergyman)[11]
- ^ John de Baggeshott: First Warden of the King’s Scholars, 1316
- ^ Walter de Buxton: Master of Michaelhouse 1324–1328
- ^ Prior, Joseph (1854–1918) Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College Cambridge[12]
References
edit- ^ Historic England. "Trinity College, The Buildings surrounding Great Court, Nevile's Court and New Court, and including King's Hostel (Grade I) (1106371)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
- ^ a b Historic England (26 April 1950). "Trinity College, The Buildings surrounding Great Court, Nevile's Court and New Court, and including King's Hostel (1106371)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ^ "Trinity College, the Buildings Surrounding Great Court, Nevile's Court and New Court, and Including – Cambridge – Cambridgeshire –– England". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ Willis 1886, pp. 469–472.
- ^ a b "Trinity College Chapel – The Building". trinitycollegechapel.com. Trinity College Chapel. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- ^ Willis 1886, p. 588.
- ^ United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth "consistent series" supplied in Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024). "What Was the U.K. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ "The windows of Trinity College Chapel". trinitycollegechapel.com. Trinity College Chapel. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Willis 1886, pp. 591–597.
- ^ "Hotham, Henry John, 1814–1900 (clergyman)". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ "Mathison, William Collings, 1817/8–1870 (educationalist and clergyman)". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ "Prior, Joseph (1854–1918) Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College Cambridge". archives.trin.cam.ac.uk. Trinity College, Cambridge. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ "Index of memorials in Trinity College Chapel and Ante-Chapel". Trinity College Chapel. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ "The Organ of Trinity College Chapel Cambridge". Trinity College Chapel. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ "Trinity College Choir". Trinity College Choir. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- ^ "Ecclesiastical intelligence – new Bishop of Durham". The Times. No. 36539. London. 21 August 1901. p. 8.
- ^ "Trinity College Chapel – Frederick Arthur Simpson".
- ^ "New Dean of Chapel Appointed". Trinity College, Cambridge. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^ a b Willis 1886, p. 600.
- ^ a b "Daniel Lock". trinitycollegechapel.com. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
- ^ Willis 1886, pp. 600–601.
- ^ "John Beaumont". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Index of memorials". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "John cooper". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ Venn, John; Venn, J. A., eds. (1922). Alumni Cantabrigienses. Vol. I.1. Cambridge University Press. p. 391.
- ^ "Person: Cooper, John (1698–1715)". Clergy of the Church of England database. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
- ^ "John Davies". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Sir Michael Foster". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "William Herbert". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Thomas Jones". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "James Lambert". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ Willis 1886, p. 601.
- ^ "Francis Martin". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Thomas Smith". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Person: Smith, Thomas (1692–1711)". Clergy of the Church of England database. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
- ^ "Richard Stevenson". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ Willis 1886, p. 602.
- ^ "John Wilson". Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Person: Wilson, John (1727–1752)". Clergy of the Church of England database. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
Bibliography
edit- Willis, Robert (1886). Clark, John Willis (ed.). The Architectural History of the University of Cambridge, and of the Colleges of Cambridge and Eton. Vol. 2. University Press. pp. 469–472, 561–602.
External links
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