Transcription factor II D (TFIID) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. It consists of RNA polymerase II, a subset of general transcription factors, and regulatory proteins known as SRB proteins. Before the start of transcription, the transcription Factor II D (TFIID) complex binds to the core promoter DNA of the gene through specific recognition of promoter sequence motifs, including the TATA box, Initiator, Downstream Promoter, Motif Ten, or Downstream Regulatory elements.[1]
Functions
edit- Coordinates the activities of more than 70 polypeptides required for initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
- Binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly
- Serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex
- Acts as a channel for regulatory signals
Structure
editTFIID is itself composed of TBP and several subunits called TATA-binding protein Associated Factors (TBP-associated factors, or TAFs). In a test tube, only TBP is necessary for transcription at promoters that contain a TATA box.[2] TAFs, however, add promoter selectivity, especially if there is no TATA box sequence for TBP to bind to.[1] TAFs are included in two distinct complexes, TFIID[3] and B-TFIID.[4] The TFIID complex is composed of TBP and more than eight TAFs. But, the majority of TBP is present in the B-TFIID complex, which is composed of TBP and TAFII170 (BTAF1) in a 1:1 ratio.[5] TFIID and B-TFIID are not equivalent, since transcription reactions utilizing TFIID are responsive to gene specific transcription factors such as SP1, while reactions reconstituted with B-TFIID are not.[5]
Subunits in the TFIID complex include:[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Louder, RK; He, Y; López-Blanco, JR; Fang, J; Chacón, P; Nogales, E (2016). "Structure of promoter-bound TFIID and model of human pre-initiation complex assembly". Nature. 531 (7596): 604–609. Bibcode:2016Natur.531..604L. doi:10.1038/nature17394. PMC 4856295. PMID 27007846.604-609&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4856295#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/27007846&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/nature17394&rft_id=info:bibcode/2016Natur.531..604L&rft.aulast=Louder&rft.aufirst=RK&rft.au=He, Y&rft.au=López-Blanco, JR&rft.au=Fang, J&rft.au=Chacón, P&rft.au=Nogales, E&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4856295&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Transcription factor II D" class="Z3988">
- ^ a b Lee, Tong Ihn; Young, Richard A. (2000). "Transcription of eukaryotic protein-coding genes". Annu. Rev. Genet. 34: 77–137. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.34.1.77. PMID 11092823.77-137&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146/annurev.genet.34.1.77&rft_id=info:pmid/11092823&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Tong Ihn&rft.au=Young, Richard A.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Transcription factor II D" class="Z3988">
- ^ Dynlacht, Brian David; Hoey, Timothy; Tjian, Robert (Aug 1991). "Isolation of co-activators associated with the TATA-binding protein that mediate transcriptional activation". Cell. 66 (3): 563–576. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(81)90019-2. PMID 1907890. S2CID 5000858.563-576&rft.date=1991-08&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5000858#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/1907890&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/0092-8674(81)90019-2&rft.aulast=Dynlacht&rft.aufirst=Brian David&rft.au=Hoey, Timothy&rft.au=Tjian, Robert&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Transcription factor II D" class="Z3988">
- ^ "NCBI Entrez GeneID: 9044 BTAF1 BTAF1 RNA polymerase II, B-TFIID transcription factor-associated, 170 kDa (Mot1 homolog, S. cerevisiae)".
- ^ a b Timmers, H.; Meyers, RE; Sharp, PA (Sep 1992). "Composition of transcription factor B-TFIID". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89 (17): 8140–4. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.8140T. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.8140. PMC 49872. PMID 1387711.8140-4&rft.date=1992-09&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC49872#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/1387711&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073/pnas.89.17.8140&rft_id=info:bibcode/1992PNAS...89.8140T&rft.aulast=Timmers&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Meyers, RE&rft.au=Sharp, PA&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC49872&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Transcription factor II D" class="Z3988">
- ^ Duttke, SH (March 2015). "Evolution and diversification of the basal transcription machinery". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 40 (3): 127–9. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2015.01.005. PMC 4410091. PMID 25661246.127-9&rft.date=2015-03&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410091#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/25661246&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.tibs.2015.01.005&rft.aulast=Duttke&rft.aufirst=SH&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410091&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Transcription factor II D" class="Z3988">
External links
edit- Transcription Factor TFIID at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- 3D electron microscopy structures of TFIID from the EM Data Bank(EMDB)
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