Trương Tấn Sang (born 21 January 1949) is a Vietnamese politician, who served as the eighth President of Vietnam from 2011 to 2016. He was one of Vietnam's top leaders, alongside prime minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng and Party general secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng.[1] In July 2011, Trương Tấn Sang was elected state president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam by the National Assembly of Vietnam and nominated by his predecessor Nguyễn Minh Triết who retired from office.
Trương Tấn Sang | |
|---|---|
 Trương Tấn Sang in 2015 | |
| 8th President of Vietnam | |
| In office 25 July 2011 – 2 April 2016 | |
| Prime Minister | Nguyễn Tấn Dũng |
| Vice President | Nguyễn Thị Doan |
| Preceded by | Nguyễn Minh Triết |
| Succeeded by | Trần Đại Quang |
| Permanent Member of the Party Central Committee's Secretariat | |
| In office May 2006 – 3 August 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Phan Dien |
| Succeeded by | Lê Hồng Anh |
| Head of the Party Central Economic Commission | |
| In office January 2000 – January 2003 | |
| Preceded by | Nguyễn Tấn Dũng |
| Succeeded by | Vương Đình Huệ |
| Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee | |
| In office June 1997 – January 2000 | |
| Preceded by | Vo Tran Chi |
| Succeeded by | Nguyễn Minh Triết |
| Chair of the Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee | |
| In office March 1992 – June 1997 | |
| Preceded by | Nguyen Vinh Nghiep |
| Succeeded by | Vo Viet Thanh |
| President of the Vietnam Red Cross Society | |
| In office 5 July 2012 – 16 August 2017 | |
| Preceded by | Trần Đức Lương |
| Succeeded by | Trần Đại Quang |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 21 January 1949 Đức Hòa District, Long An, French Indochina |
| Political party |  Communist Party of Vietnam (1969–present) |
| Spouse | Mai Thị Hạnh |
| Alma mater | National Academy of Public Administration |
Trương Tấn Sang was also ranked second after General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Nguyễn Phú Trọng on the party's Central Secretariat, a body which directs policy making. Sang has been a member of the Central Politburo, the executive committee of the Communist Party, since 1996. He was Communist Party secretary for Ho Chi Minh City from 1996 to 2000. He was promoted to the national party's number two slot in October 2009.[2] There were reports of rivalry between Trương Tấn Sang and Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, and each was backed by a faction within the party.[3]
At the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in January 2011, Trương Tấn Sang was nominated President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and confirmed on 25 July 2011 by the National Assembly. On that day, he succeeded Nguyễn Minh Triết. On the same day he proposed Nguyễn Tấn Dũng as the new head of government.
Early life and career
editTrương Tấn Sang was born 21 January 1949, in Đức Hòa District in Long An Province.[4]
In 1966 Trương Tấn Sang joined the revolution. From 1966 to 1969 he was leader of the Youth-student movement PK 2. From 1969 to 1971, Trương Tấn Sang was Party Committee member, secretary of Youth Union, in charge of the secret guerrilla group in Đức Hòa District in Long An Province. Trương Tấn Sang joined the Communist Party of Vietnam on 20 December 1969.[5] He was jailed by the South Vietnamese government in 1971 and held in prison at Phú Quốc. He was released under the Paris Peace Treaty in 1973. He received his bachelor of law degree in 1990 from the National Academy of Public Administration.[4]
Political career
editFrom 1983 to 1986, Trương Tấn Sang headed Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)'s Forestry Department, as well as the city's New Economic Zone Development Department. In 1986, he was promoted to the Standing Board of the city's Party Committee.[5] He became a member of the national party's Central Committee in 1991.[6] In 1992, he became chairman for HCMC, the number two position in the city government.[4] He joined the Politburo in 1997 as its 14th ranking member.[7] He was party secretary for HCMC, the top position in the city government, from 1997 to 2000.[4][8] He was promoted to 10th position in the national party at a congress in April 2001. He was also appointed head of the party's economic commission at this time.[citation needed]
In 2003, he was reprimanded for failing to act in the Năm Cam corruption scandal when he headed the city government.[9] Sang was promoted to fifth position in the party at a congress in April 2006.[10] At this congress, he was also appointed Permanent Member of the Party Central Committee's Secretariat, a position which supervises the membership and the internal structure of the party.[5]
Climb to leadership
editTrương Tấn Sang was promoted to the party's number two slot between congresses in October 2009.[2] His authority soon eclipsed that of General Secretary Nông Đức Mạnh, the only person nominally above Sang in the party hierarchy, according to a leaked diplomatic cable by U.S. Ambassador Michael Michalak.[11]
Sang "assumed many of Manh's normal responsibilities," Michalak wrote. At diplomatic meetings, Sang could "comment authoritatively, in detail and without notes," whereas Mạnh "appeared disengaged" while he read a 30-minute prepared statement "verbatim and in a monotone."[11] A BBC story described rivalry between Sang and Prime Minister Dũng and described their relationship as "stormy."[12] Michalak described both Sang and Dũng as "pragmatic" and "market-oriented."[11] Both are southerners, but traditionally the party's top slot has gone to a northerner.[11] Nguyễn Phú Trọng, a northerner, was appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam at 11th National Congress held in Hanoi in January 2011.[13] The congress selected a list of Politburo members, and Sang is ranked first on this list. Following the congress, Trong was named the top ranking member of the party's Secretariat, Vietnam's most powerful decision-making body, while Sang is ranked second.[14]
Presidency
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The National Assembly of Vietnam elected Trương Tấn Sang as state president on 25 July 2011 with 97.4 percent of the vote.[5] The term of office is five years. Sang told the Assembly that he would defend Vietnam's independence and territorial integrity, and would resolve the Spratly Islands dispute with China peacefully.[15] As the new president, he will work to set a foundation that will allow Vietnam to become an industrialized and modernized country by 2020, Sang told the Assembly.[15]
Under party regulations, the president is under the authority of Secretariat, so the position is ceremonial.[16] Sang's authority derives from his position as the senior member of the Politburo and as the second ranking member of the Secretariat.[14]
On 25 July 2013, Trương Tấn Sang met with US President Barack Obama to discuss bilateral trade between the U.S. and Vietnam.[17]
Personal life
editTrương Tấn Sang is married to Mai Thị Hạnh (born 1956),[18] who served ceremonial functions as the First Lady of Vietnam.[19]
Awards and honors
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Order of José Martí (Cuba, 2015)[20]
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See also
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References
edit- ^ (in Vietnamese) Nghĩa Nhân, "Bộ Chính trị kiểm điểm thế nào?", Báo Pháp luật, 16 August 2012. The other "key leaders" are given as General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng, Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, and National Assembly Chairman Nguyễn Sinh Hùng.
- ^ a b (in Vietnamese) "Ban Chấp hành trung ương, Bộ Chính trị, Ban Bí thư", Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam (Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper).
(in Vietnamese) "Danh sách Bộ Chính trị Khoá X", Nhan Dan, 7 January 2011. This gives the Poliburo ranking immediately before the 2011 congress, with Sang second and Dũng fifth.
"Vietnam profile", BBC, 15 January 2011. This describes Sang as No. 2 prior to the 2011 congress. - ^ "US embassy cables: Vietnam picks its new leaders". the Guardian. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
- ^ a b c d Thông tấn xã Việt Nam, "Tiểu sử tóm tắt của đồng chí Trương Tấn Sang" Tiền Phong Online, 19 January 2011.
- ^ a b c d Biography of State President Truong Tan Sang, VietnamPlus, 25 July 2011.
- ^ (in Vietnamese) "Danh sách Bộ Chính trị, Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng khóa VII (1991–1996)" Nhan Dan, 7 January 2011. Sang is No. 104.
- ^ (in Vietnamese) "Danh sách Bộ Chính trị, Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng khóa VIII (1996–2001)", Nhan Dan, 7 January 2011.
- ^ Nghia M. Vo Saigon: A History 2011, p. 242: "In May 1995, the president of the People's Committee of Saigon-HCMC, Trương Tấn Sang, noted that corruption by city officials amounted to one million dollars.."
- ^ Arthurs, Clare, "Vietnam's showcase trial", BBC News, 25 February 2003
- ^ "Danh sách Ban lễ tang đồng chí Võ Văn Kiệt", Báo An ninh Thủ đô, 14 June 2008
- ^ a b c d Michalak, Michael, US embassy cables: Vietnam picks its new leaders, The Guardian, 12 January 2011.
- ^ Ông Trương Tấn Sang làm chủ tịch nước", BBC, 25 July 2011.
- ^ "Nguyen Phu Trong elected Party General Secretary", Nhan Dan, 19 January 2011.
"Nguyen Phu Trong elected Party Chief", VietnamPlus, 19 January 2011.
"Party Congress announces CPVCC Politburo members", VGP News, 19 January 2011. - ^ a b "11th CPVCC Secretariat members named", Vietnam News Agency, 9 February 2011.
(in Vietnamese) "Ban Chấp hành trung ương, Bộ Chính trị, Ban Bí thư Archived 30 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam, 25 January 2011. - ^ a b (in Vietnamese) Trương Tấn Sang, "Bài phát biểu nhận nhiệm vụ của tân Chủ tịch nước" (This is the full text of Sang's speech to the Assembly, as reported by VNA.)
- ^ (in Vietnamese) "Văn kiện đảng Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine" (Party Documents), Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam (Newspaper of the Communist Party of Vietnam), 11 January 2011. Ban Bí thư giới thiệu các chức danh thuộc diện Ban Bí thư quản lý để Chủ tịch nước, Thủ tướng Chính phủ bổ nhiệm; Quốc hội, Mặt trận Tổ quốc và các đoàn thể chính trị – xã hội bầu. (The Secretariat nominates and directs the president, prime minister, National Assembly, and Fatherland Front, as well as the political elections).
The Wall Street Journal describes the presidency as "ceremonial" here. - ^ Maierbrugger, Arno (25 July 2013). "Vietnam's president meets Barack Obama". Inside Investor. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
- ^ "Văn Phòng Chủ Tịch Nước – Bà Mai Thị Hạnh – Phu nhân nguyên Chủ tịch nước Trương Tấn Sang thăm, tặng quà tại tỉnh Cao Bằng". vpctn.gov.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 19 March 2018.
- ^ "Vietnam First Lady Mai Thi Hanh participated the Carlton Pre-school". Vietnam Embassy in Sri Lanka. 18 October 2011.
- ^ "President of Vietnam arrives in Cuba". Granma. 29 September 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2024.