Tibetan is a Unicode block containing characters for the Tibetan, Dzongkha, and other languages of China, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia, northern India, eastern Pakistan and Russia.
| Tibetan | |
|---|---|
| Range | U 0F00..U 0FFF (256 code points) |
| Plane | BMP |
| Scripts | Tibetan (207 char.) Common (4 char.) |
| Major alphabets | Tibetan Dzongkha |
| Assigned | 211 code points |
| Unused | 45 reserved code points 2 deprecated |
| Unicode version history | |
| 2.0 (1996) | 168 ( 168) |
| 3.0 (1999) | 193 ( 25) |
| 4.1 (2005) | 195 ( 2) |
| 5.1 (2008) | 201 ( 6) |
| 5.2 (2009) | 205 ( 4) |
| 6.0 (2010) | 211 ( 6) |
| Unicode documentation | |
| Code chart ∣ Web page | |
| Note: [1][2] When unifying with ISO 10646, the original Tibetan block was removed in Unicode 1.0.1.[3] The current block (with a new encoding model and a different range) was introduced in version 2.0. | |
Block
edit| Tibetan[1][2][3] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U 0F0x | ༀ | ༁ | ༂ | ༃ | ༄ | ༅ | ༆ | ༇ | ༈ | ༉ | ༊ | ་ | ༌ NB |
། | ༎ | ༏ |
| U 0F1x | ༐ | ༑ | ༒ | ༓ | ༔ | ༕ | ༖ | ༗ | ༘ | ༙ | ༚ | ༛ | ༜ | ༝ | ༞ | ༟ |
| U 0F2x | ༠ | ༡ | ༢ | ༣ | ༤ | ༥ | ༦ | ༧ | ༨ | ༩ | ༪ | ༫ | ༬ | ༭ | ༮ | ༯ |
| U 0F3x | ༰ | ༱ | ༲ | ༳ | ༴ | ༵ | ༶ | ༷ | ༸ | ༹ | ༺ | ༻ | ༼ | ༽ | ༾ | ༿ |
| U 0F4x | ཀ | ཁ | ག | གྷ | ང | ཅ | ཆ | ཇ | ཉ | ཊ | ཋ | ཌ | ཌྷ | ཎ | ཏ | |
| U 0F5x | ཐ | ད | དྷ | ན | པ | ཕ | བ | བྷ | མ | ཙ | ཚ | ཛ | ཛྷ | ཝ | ཞ | ཟ |
| U 0F6x | འ | ཡ | ར | ལ | ཤ | ཥ | ས | ཧ | ཨ | ཀྵ | ཪ | ཫ | ཬ | |||
| U 0F7x | ཱ | ི | ཱི | ུ | ཱུ | ྲྀ | ཷ | ླྀ | ཹ | ེ | ཻ | ོ | ཽ | ཾ | ཿ | |
| U 0F8x | ྀ | ཱྀ | ྂ | ྃ | ྄ | ྅ | ྆ | ྇ | ྈ | ྉ | ྊ | ྋ | ྌ | ྍ | ྎ | ྏ |
| U 0F9x | ྐ | ྑ | ྒ | ྒྷ | ྔ | ྕ | ྖ | ྗ | ྙ | ྚ | ྛ | ྜ | ྜྷ | ྞ | ྟ | |
| U 0FAx | ྠ | ྡ | ྡྷ | ྣ | ྤ | ྥ | ྦ | ྦྷ | ྨ | ྩ | ྪ | ྫ | ྫྷ | ྭ | ྮ | ྯ |
| U 0FBx | ྰ | ྱ | ྲ | ླ | ྴ | ྵ | ྶ | ྷ | ྸ | ྐྵ | ྺ | ྻ | ྼ | ྾ | ྿ | |
| U 0FCx | ࿀ | ࿁ | ࿂ | ࿃ | ࿄ | ࿅ | ࿆ | ࿇ | ࿈ | ࿉ | ࿊ | ࿋ | ࿌ | ࿎ | ࿏ | |
| U 0FDx | ࿐ | ࿑ | ࿒ | ࿓ | ࿔ | ࿕ | ࿖ | ࿗ | ࿘ | ࿙ | ࿚ | |||||
| U 0FEx | ||||||||||||||||
| U 0FFx | ||||||||||||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
Former Tibetan block
edit| Tibetan (Unicode 1.0.0) | |
|---|---|
| Range | U 1000..U 104F (80 code points) |
| Plane | BMP |
| Scripts | Tibetan |
| Major alphabets | Tibetan Dzongkha |
| Status | Deleted prior to the release of Unicode 2.0 |
| Now occupied by | Myanmar |
| Unicode version history | |
| 1.0.0 (1991) | 71 ( 71) |
| 1.0.1 (1992) | 0 (-71) |
| Chart | |
| Code chart | |
| Note: When unifying with ISO 10646, the original Tibetan block was deleted in Unicode 1.0.1.[3] Tibetan was later reintroduced with a new encoding model for Unicode 2.0. | |
The Tibetan Unicode block is unique for having been allocated in version 1.0.0 with a virama-based encoding that was unable to distinguish visible srog med and conjunct consonant correctly.[note 1] This encoding was removed from the Unicode Standard in version 1.0.1 in the process of unifying with ISO 10646 for version 1.1,[3] then reintroduced as an explicit root/subjoined encoding, with a larger block size, in version 2.0. Moving or removing existing characters has been prohibited by the Unicode Stability Policy for all versions following Unicode 2.0, so the Tibetan characters encoded in Unicode 2.0 and all subsequent versions are immutable.
The range of the former Unicode 1.0.0 Tibetan block has been occupied by the Myanmar block since Unicode 3.0. In Microsoft Windows, collation data referring to the old Tibetan block was retained as late as Windows XP, and removed in Windows 2003.[4]
| Tibetan (Unicode 1.0.0)[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U 100x | ཀ | ཁ | ག | ང | ཅ | ཆ | ཇ | ཉ | ཊ | ཋ | ཌ | ཎ | ཏ | ཐ | ད | ན |
| U 101x | པ | ཕ | བ | མ | ཙ | ཚ | ཛ | ཝ | ཞ | ཟ | འ | ཡ | ར | ལ | ཤ | ཥ |
| U 102x | ས | ཧ | ཨ | ི | ྀ | ུ | ེ | ོ | ྅ | ཿ | ཾ | ༽ | ||||
| U 103x | ༷ | ྾ | ༄ | ། | ་ | ྃ | ྂ | ༔ | ༑ | ༈ | ༵ | ༼ | ཻ | ཽ | ||
| U 104x | ༠ | ༡ | ༢ | ༣ | ༤ | ༥ | ༦ | ༧ | ༨ | ༩ | ༎ | ྄ | ༹ | |||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
History
editThe following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Tibetan block:
| Version | Final code points[a] | Count | UTC ID | L2 ID | WG2 ID | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.0 | U 0F00..0F47, 0F49..0F69, 0F71..0F8B, 0F90..0F95, 0F97, 0F99..0FAD, 0FB1..0FB7, 0FB9 | 168 | X3L2/92-144 | N808 | Lofting, Peter; Ross, Hugh McGregor (1992-05-13), Comments on Tibetan Script | |
| N1095 | Zhaxi, Nima, Proposal for encoding Tibetan script on BMP | |||||
| N1185 | Proposal for encoding Tibetan script on BMP of ISO/IEC 10646 | |||||
| N1159 | New consolidated Tibetan Proposal, 1995-03-10 | |||||
| N1192 | Proposal Summary Form, Tibetan, 1995-03-28 | |||||
| N1203 | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1995-05-03), "RESOLUTION M27.22", Unconfirmed minutes of SC2/WG2 Meeting 27, Geneva | |||||
| UTC/1995-029 | Everson, Michael, Tibetan Character Set for Information Interchange (code chart) | |||||
| UTC/1995-024B | Lofting, Peter (1995-05-31), Updated Tibetan Code Chart (U xx00 - U xxFF) | |||||
| UTC/1995-xxx | "Tibetan Proposal and Report of Ad Hoc Committee", Unicode Technical Committee Meeting #65, Minutes, 1995-06-02 | |||||
| N1227 | Anderson, Lloyd (1995-06-21), Tibetan in 10646 | |||||
| N1238 | Proposal for encoding Tibetan script on BMP, 1995-06-24 | |||||
| X3L2/95-090 | N1253 (doc, txt) | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1995-09-09), "6.4.5", Unconfirmed Minutes of WG 2 Meeting # 28 in Helsinki, Finland; 1995-06-26--27 | ||||
| N1263 | Everson, Michael (1995-09-18), On the Complexity of Tibetan Character Names | |||||
| N1538 | Table of Replies and Feedback on Amendment 6 – Tibetan, 1997-01-29 | |||||
| L2/97-126 | N1562 | Paterson, Bruce (1997-05-27), Draft Report on JTC1 letter ballot on DAM No. 6 to ISO/IEC 10646-1 (Tibetan) | ||||
| N1571 | Paterson, Bruce (1997-06-23), Almost Final Text – DAM 6 – Tibetan | |||||
| L2/97-288 | N1603 | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1997-10-24), "5.3.2", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting # 33, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 20 June – 4 July 1997 | ||||
| N1739 | Paterson, Bruce (1998-05-06), Defect Report on AMD 6 - Tibetan | |||||
| L2/99-010 | N1903 (pdf, html, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "11.2", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25 | ||||
| L2/01-301 | Whistler, Ken (2001-08-01), "3-part Tibetan vowel signs with a-chung's", Analysis of Character Deprecation in the Unicode Standard | |||||
| L2/03-267 | Duff, Tony (2003-08-18), Comments on Public Review Issue #12 (Terminal Punctuation) | |||||
| L2/03-268 | Fynn, Christopher (2003-08-18), Unicode Tibetan [explanation of Unicode in Tibetan] | |||||
| L2/05-073 | Freytag, Asmus; Fynn, Christopher (2005-02-09), Basic line Breaking rules for Tibetan, Dzongkha, & Ladakhi | |||||
| L2/08-287 | Davis, Mark (2008-08-04), Public Review Issue #122: Proposal for Additional Deprecated Characters | |||||
| L2/08-304 | Fynn, Christopher (2008-08-09), Tibetan Chars in PR 122 | |||||
| L2/08-253R2 | Moore, Lisa (2008-08-19), "Consensus 116-C13", UTC #116 Minutes, Change the deprecated property by removing 0340, 0341, 17D3, and adding 0149, 0F77, 0F79, 17A4, 2329, 232A. | |||||
| L2/08-328 (html, xls) | Whistler, Ken (2008-10-14), Spreadsheet of Deprecation and Discouragement | |||||
| L2/11-261R2 | Moore, Lisa (2011-08-16), "Consensus 128-C6", UTC #128 / L2 #225 Minutes, Change the general category from "So" to "Po" ... [U 0F14] | |||||
| 3.0 | U 0F6A, 0F96, 0FAE..0FB0, 0FB8, 0FBA..0FBC, 0FBE..0FCC, 0FCF | 25 | L2/98-024 | N1660 | Everson, Michael (1997-12-08), Proposal to encode Tibetan Extensions in ISO/IEC 10646 | |
| L2/98-070 | Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold, "3.A.2. item c. Tibetan Extensions", Minutes of the joint UTC and L2 meeting from the meeting in Cupertino, February 25-27, 1998 | |||||
| L2/98-218 | N1756 | Anderson, Lloyd; Chilton, Robert; Duff, Tony; Everson, Michael; Fynn, Christopher; McGowan, Rick; Sirlin, Sam; Whistler, Ken; Умаков, Валерий (1998-05-27), Proposal for Tibetan Extensions to the UCS | ||||
| L2/98-286 | N1703 | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "8.8", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20 | ||||
| L2/98-281R (pdf, html) | Aliprand, Joan (1998-07-31), "Extended Tibetan (IV.D.1.a)", Unconfirmed Minutes – UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998 | |||||
| N1864 | Comments on N1756 - Tibetan Extensions, 1998-09-17 | |||||
| L2/98-330 | N1921 | Subdivision Proposal on JTC 1.02.18.01 for Amendment 31: Tibetan Extension to ISO/IEC 10646-1, 1998-10-28 | ||||
| L2/98-331 | N1922 | Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 31, AMENDMENT 31: Tibetan Extension, 1998-10-28 | ||||
| L2/99-010 | N1903 (pdf, html, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "8.1.4 and 11.2", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25 | ||||
| L2/99-079.2 | N1977R | DRAFT Irish Comments on SC 2 N 3212, 1999-01-19 | ||||
| L2/99-079.1 | N1979R | Chinese Comments on SC 2 N 3212, 1999-01-27 | ||||
| N1977 | Chinese comments on ISO/IEC 10646-1/PDAM 31: Tibetan Extension, 1999-01-27 | |||||
| L2/99-079 | Summary of Voting on SC 2 N 3212, PDAM ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 31: Tibetan Extension, 1999-02-12 | |||||
| N2022 | Paterson, Bruce (1999-04-05), FPDAM 31 Text - Tibetan Extensions | |||||
| L2/99-111 | Text for FPDAM ballot of ISO/IEC 10646, Amd. 31 - Tibetan extensions, 1999-04-06 | |||||
| L2/99-232 | N2003 | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1999-08-03), "6.1.5 PDAM31 - Tibetan Extensions", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 36, Fukuoka, Japan, 1999-03-09--15 | ||||
| L2/99-256 | N2070 | Summary of Voting on SC 2 N 3310, ISO 10646-1/FPDAM 31 - Tibetan extension, 1999-08-19 | ||||
| L2/99-307 | N2129 | Paterson, Bruce (1999-09-20), Disposition of Comments Report on SC 2 N 3310, ISO/IEC 10646-1/FPDAM 31, AMD. 31: Tibetan extension | ||||
| L2/99-308 | N2130 | Paterson, Bruce (1999-10-01), Revised Text for FDAM ballot of ISO/IEC 10646-1/FDAM 31, - AMD. 31: Tibetan extension | ||||
| L2/99-352 | N2130R | ISO 10646-1, Amd. #31 -- Tibetan with correct code charts, 1999-11-01 | ||||
| L2/99-361 | Everson, Michael (1999-11-09), Corrected text for ISO/IEC 10646-1/FDAM 31 -- Tibetan extension | |||||
| L2/00-010 | N2103 | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-01-05), "6.4.6", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 37, Copenhagen, Denmark: 1999-09-13—16 | ||||
| L2/00-071 | Table of replies on ISO/IEC 10646-1: 1993/FDAM 31: Tibetan Extensions, 2000-03-02 | |||||
| 4.1 | U 0FD0..0FD1 | 2 | L2/04-007 | N2694 | Everson, Michael; Fynn, Christopher (2003-12-30), Proposal to encode two Bhutanese marks for Dzongkha in the UCS | |
| 5.1 | U 0F6B..0F6C | 2 | L2/05-338 | N3010 | West, Andrew (2005-10-25), Comments on N2985 -- Balti Tibetan additions | |
| L2/05-279 | Moore, Lisa (2005-11-10), "Tibetan (C.7)", UTC #105 Minutes | |||||
| N2953 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "7.4.13", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15 | |||||
| L2/06-231 | Moore, Lisa (2006-08-17), "Scripts - Tibetan characters for Balti", UTC #108 Minutes | |||||
| N3153 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.4", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29 | |||||
| L2/06-324R2 | Moore, Lisa (2006-11-29), "Consensus 109-C2", UTC #109 Minutes | |||||
| L2/05-244 | N2985 | Everson, Michael (2009-09-04), Proposal to add four Tibetan characters for Balti to the BMP of the UCS | ||||
| U 0FCE | 1 | L2/05-345R | N3011 | West, Andrew (2005-10-24), Proposal to encode one Tibetan astrological character | ||
| L2/05-279 | Moore, Lisa (2005-11-10), "Tibetan (C.7)", UTC #105 Minutes | |||||
| N3103 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-08-25), "M48.20a", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 48, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2006-04-24/27 | |||||
| U 0FD2..0FD4 | 3 | L2/05-346 | N3012 | West, Andrew (2005-10-24), Proposal to encode three archaic Tibetan characters | ||
| L2/05-347 | Fynn, Christopher (2005-10-27), Comments on: N3012 - Proposal to encode three archaic Tibetan characters | |||||
| L2/05-364 | Fynn, Christopher (2005-11-03), Re: New Tibetan Proposals | |||||
| L2/05-279 | Moore, Lisa (2005-11-10), "Tibetan (C.7)", UTC #105 Minutes | |||||
| L2/06-043 | N3032 | West, Andrew (2006-01-30), Proposal to encode one Tibetan punctuation mark | ||||
| L2/06-044 | N3033 | West, Andrew (2006-01-30), Proposal to encode two archaic Tibetan punctuation marks | ||||
| L2/06-008R2 | Moore, Lisa (2006-02-13), "C.13", UTC #106 Minutes | |||||
| N3103 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-08-25), "M48.20b, M48.20c", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 48, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2006-04-24/27 | |||||
| N3153 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.1e", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29 | |||||
| L2/08-317 | Muller, Eric (2008-08-11), "1.8", South Asia Subcommittee Report | |||||
| L2/08-253R2 | Moore, Lisa (2008-08-19), "Vedic (B.15.2, E.1)", UTC #116 Minutes | |||||
| 5.2 | U 0FD5..0FD8 | 4 | N3353 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-10-10), "M51.19", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 51 Hanzhou, China; 2007-04-24/27 | ||
| L2/07-148 | N3268 | Everson, Michael; Fynn, Christopher; Scharf, Peter; West, Andrew (2007-05-09), Proposal to encode four religious characters in the Tibetan block | ||||
| L2/07-118R2 | Moore, Lisa (2007-05-23), "Consensus 111-C19", UTC #111 Minutes | |||||
| L2/09-060 | N3537 | Lata, Swaran (2008-10-14), Proposal to add India specific annotation to Right facing Svasti | ||||
| L2/08-379 | Suignard, Michel (2008-10-21), "Ireland T5", Disposition of comments on SC2 N 3989 (PDAM text for Amendment 6 to ISO/IEC 10646:2003) | |||||
| 6.0 | U 0F8C..0F8F | 4 | L2/09-032 | N3568 | West, Andrew; Fynn, Christopher (2009-01-24), Proposal to encode four Tibetan-Sanskrit letters used in Kalacakra texts | |
| L2/09-003R | Moore, Lisa (2009-02-12), "B.15.11", UTC #118 / L2 #215 Minutes | |||||
| L2/09-234 | N3603 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2009-07-08), "M54.13d", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 54 | ||||
| U 0FD9..0FDA | 2 | L2/09-033 | N3569 | West, Andrew (2009-01-24), Proposal to encode two Tibetan annotation marks | ||
| L2/09-003R | Moore, Lisa (2009-02-12), "B.15.11", UTC #118 / L2 #215 Minutes | |||||
| L2/09-234 | N3603 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2009-07-08), "M54.13e", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 54 | ||||
| ||||||
Footnotes
edit- ^ In most Unicode Indic encodings, although one can force the system to display a visible halanta by using the zero-width non-joiner (ZWNJ) or force the use of a non‑conjunct joining form using the zero-width joiner (ZWJ), there is no method to force a conjunct consonant rendering, which is crucial when writing Tibetan. Some exceptions exist: for instance, Sinhala uses ZWJ to force a conjunct.
References
edit- ^ "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ a b c "Unicode 1.0.1 Addendum" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. 1992-11-03. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
- ^ Kaplan, Michael (2007-08-28). "Every character has a story #29: U 1000^H^H^H^H0f40, (TIBETAN or MYANMAR LETTER KA, depending on when you ask)". Sorting it all out.
- A Chinese concern posted to the Unicode Consortium citing the conjunct character "སྐྤྵྴྍྐ" (EWTS s k p Sh sh x ka; IAST skpṣśxka), showing the complexity of encoding. (Devanagari encoding never allowed "ᳵ" to be conjuncted, i.e. "स्क्प्ष्श्ᳵ्क"does not exist.)