Thong Pha Phum (Thai: ทองผาภูมิ, pronounced [tʰɔ̄ːŋ pʰǎː pʰūːm]) is a district (amphoe) in the northern part of Kanchanaburi province, central Thailand.
Thong Pha Phum
ทองผาภูมิ | |
|---|---|
 | |
 District location in Kanchanaburi province | |
| Coordinates: 14°44′45″N 98°37′30″E / 14.74583°N 98.62500°E | |
| Country | Thailand |
| Province | Kanchanaburi |
| Seat | Tha Khanun |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,655.171 km2 (1,411.269 sq mi) |
| Population (2014)[1] | |
• Total | 56,119 |
| • Density | 15/km2 (40/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC 7 (ICT) |
| Postal code | 71180 |
| Geocode | 7107 |
History
editAt first Thong Pha Phum was the minor district (king amphoe) Sangkhla Buri, a subordinate of Wang Ka District. In 1939 the name Sangkhla Buri was assigned to Wang Ka, while the minor district was renamed Thong Pha Phum.[2] On 20 May 1941 it was upgraded to a full district, while at the same time Sangkhla Buri was reduced to a minor district.[3] It then consisted of the six tambons Tha Khanun, Hin Dat, Dika, Chalae, Pilok, and Linthin.
The economy includes the 460 million baht cleanup of the lead tailings in Klity Creek, caused by a now-closed lead processing factory; the cleanup is "the first state-supervised environmental cleanup in Thailand".[4] The Bo Ngam lead mine severely contaminated the soil, where the lead content was as high at 15%. Despite this, 48 species of plants were found growing in the area, suggesting possible bioremediation.[5]
Geography
editNeighboring are (from west clockwise) Tanintharyi Division of Myanmar, Sangkhla Buri, Umphang of Tak province, Ban Rai of Uthai Thani province, Si Sawat and Sai Yok of Kanchanaburi Province.
The district's important water resource is the Khwae Noi River, which is dammed by the district's Vajiralongkorn Dam.
Thong Pha Phum, Lam Khlong Ngu, Khuean Srinagarindra, and Khao Laem National Parks are found in the district.
Administration
editThe district is divided into seven sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 44 villages (mubans). Thong Pha Phum itself is a township (thesaban tambon) and covers parts of the tambon Tha Khanun. There are a further seven tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop.[1] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Tha Khanun | ท่าขนุน | 5 | 14,141 | |
| 2. | Pilok | ปิล๊อก | 4 | 5,124 | |
| 3. | Hin Dat | หินดาด | 8 | 5,195 | |
| 4. | Linthin | ลิ่นถิ่น | 6 | 6,908 | |
| 5. | Chalae | ชะแล | 7 | 10,125 | |
| 6. | Huai Khayeng | ห้วยเขย่ง | 8 | 9,618 | |
| 7. | Sahakon Nikhom | สหกรณ์นิคม | 6 | 5,008 |
Climate
edit| Climate data for Thong Pha Phum (1991–2020, extremes 1970-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.3 (99.1) |
39.2 (102.6) |
41.3 (106.3) |
43.0 (109.4) |
42.3 (108.1) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.5 (97.7) |
36.2 (97.2) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.3 (99.1) |
39.2 (102.6) |
43.0 (109.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.6 (92.5) |
35.7 (96.3) |
37.4 (99.3) |
37.8 (100.0) |
34.8 (94.6) |
32.4 (90.3) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
32.3 (90.1) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
33.7 (92.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.9 (76.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.9 (85.8) |
28.5 (83.3) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.8 (80.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
27.0 (80.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) |
18.9 (66.0) |
21.2 (70.2) |
23.1 (73.6) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.5 (70.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
8.1 (46.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.5 (67.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
5.2 (41.4) |
5.2 (41.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.2 (0.28) |
11.5 (0.45) |
53.2 (2.09) |
94.8 (3.73) |
206.5 (8.13) |
249.6 (9.83) |
353.3 (13.91) |
344.9 (13.58) |
250.6 (9.87) |
164.1 (6.46) |
20.7 (0.81) |
5.4 (0.21) |
1,761.8 (69.36) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.7 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 6.7 | 15.6 | 20.8 | 23.9 | 24.2 | 20.2 | 13.0 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 132.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71.8 | 65.3 | 63.7 | 68.7 | 79.1 | 84.6 | 86.6 | 87.3 | 85.9 | 84.0 | 79.3 | 75.4 | 77.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 279.0 | 262.7 | 275.9 | 276.0 | 155.0 | 114.0 | 58.9 | 58.9 | 54.0 | 145.7 | 219.0 | 279.0 | 2,178.1 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.0 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 4.7 | 7.3 | 9.0 | 6.0 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[6] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun 1981–2010)[7](extremes)[8] | |||||||||||||
References
edit- ^ a b "รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ศ.2557". Department of Provincial Administration (in Thai). Retrieved 29 January 2022.
- ^ พระราชกฤษฎีกาเปลี่ยนนามอำเภอ กิ่งอำเภอ และตำบลบางแห่ง พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๒ (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 56 (ก): 354–364. April 17, 1939. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2009.
- ^ ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง ยกฐานะกิ่งอำเภอขึ้นเป็นอำเภอและยุบอำเภอลงเป็นกิ่ง จังหวัดกาญจนบุรี (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 58 (ง): 1238. May 20, 1941. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2008.
- ^ Nicha Wachpanich. Klity Creek lead cleanup stumbles (28 February 2021)
- ^ Tisserat, Brent (2002-02-04). "Influence of Ultra-High Carbon Dioxide Levels on Growth and Morphogenesis of Lamiaceae Species in Soil". Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 9 (1): 81–89. doi:10.1300/j044v09n01_09. ISSN 1049-6475. S2CID 84513628.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)" (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 78. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
External links
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