The Smith and the Devil is an Indo-European fairy tale. The story is of a smith who makes a pact with a malevolent being—commonly the Devil (in later times), Death, a demon or a genie—selling his soul for some power, then tricks the devil out of his prize. In one version, the smith gains the power to weld any materials, then uses this power to stick the devil to an immovable object, allowing the smith to renege on the bargain.[1] It is indexed as ATU 330.[2]
| The Smith and The Devil | |
|---|---|
 Illustration for the folk tale The Smith and the Devil, ink drawing, 1916 | |
| Folk tale | |
| Name | The Smith and The Devil |
| Aarne–Thompson grouping | ATU 330 |
| Region | Indo-Europe |
The tale was collected by Giambattista Basile in Lo cunto de li cunti of 1634,[3] then the Brothers Grimm in their Children's and Household Tales (published in two volumes in 1812 and 1815),[4] although they removed it in editions of 1822 and later, substituting "Brother Lustig" and relegating references to it to the notes for "Gambling Hansel", a very similar tale.[5] Edith Hodgetts' 1891 book Tales and Legends from the Land of the Tsar collects a Russian version,[6] while Ruth Manning-Sanders included a Gascon version as "The Blacksmith and the Devil" in her 1970 book A Book of Devils and Demons.[citation needed] Richard Chase presents a version from the Southern Appalachians, called "Wicked John and the Devil."[7]
According to George Monbiot, the blacksmith is a motif of folklore throughout (and beyond) Europe associated with malevolence (the medieval vision of Hell may draw upon the image of the smith at his forge), and several variant tales tell of smiths entering into a pact with the devil to obtain fire and the means of smelting metal.[8]
According to research applying phylogenetic techniques to linguistics by folklorist Sara Graça da Silva and anthropologist Jamie Tehrani,[2] "The Smith and the Devil" may be one of the oldest European folk tales, with the basic plot stable throughout the Indo-European-speaking world from India to Scandinavia, possibly being first told in Indo-European 6,000 years ago in the Bronze Age.[1][9][10] Folklorist John Lindow, however, notes that a word for "smith" may not have existed in Indo-European, and if so the tale may not be that old.[10] However, according to historical linguist Václav Blažek: "The apparent fact, that there is no common designation of "smith" in the Indo-European lexicon, could be disappointing at first sight, but the same may be said about other crafts, including those using more ‘archaic’ technologies than smithery." According to Blažek, the inherited designations for smith attested in the mythological context are "a witness of a remarkably important role of the institution of smithery in the period of disintegration of the Indo-European dialect continuum".[citation needed]
See also
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- Errementari, a 2017 film based on a Basque version of the tale
- Faust, a German legend also involving a pact with the devil
- Sir Twardowski, a Polish legend also involving a deal with the devil
- Stingy Jack
- Wayland the Smith, a European myth also involving a smith
References
edit- ^ a b "Fairy tale origins thousands of years old, researchers say". BBC. January 20, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
- ^ a b Graça da Silva, Sara; Tehrani, Jamshid J. (January 20, 2016). "Comparative phylogenetic analyses uncover the ancient roots of Indo-European folktales". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (1). The Royal Society: 150645. Bibcode:2016RSOS....350645D. doi:10.1098/rsos.150645. PMC 4736946. PMID 26909191.
- ^ "Le fiabe sono più antiche di quanto pensiamo". 22 January 2016.
- ^ The Brothers Grimm (2014) [1812]. Jack Zipes (ed.). The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm. Andrea Dezsö, illustrator (complete first ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-0691160597. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
- ^ Schmiesing, Ann (2014). Disability, Deformity, and Disease in the Grimms' Fairy Tales. Wayne State University. p. 69. ISBN 978-0814338414. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
- ^ Hodgetts, Edith M. S., ed. (1891) [1891]. Tales and Legends from the Land of the Tzar: Collection of Russian Stories. Nabu Press. p. 249. ISBN 978-1294147350. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
- ^ Chase, Richard (1948). Grandfather Tales. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 9780395066928.
- ^ George Monbiot (January 1, 1994). "The Smith and the Devil". George Monbiot website. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
- ^ "Fairytales much older than previously thought, say researchers". The Guardian. January 20, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
- ^ a b Chris Samoray (January 19, 2016). "No fairy tale: Origins of some famous stories go back thousands of years". Science News. Society for Science & The Public. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
Bibliography
edit- Blažek, Václav (2010). Indo-European "Smith" and his Divine Colleagues. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of Man. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-9845353-2-3.
External links
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German Wikisource has original text related to this article: Der Schmidt und der Teufel (1812) (in German)