The Tanana Valley is a lowland region in central Alaska in the United States, on the north side of the Alaska Range, where the Tanana River emerges from the mountains. Traditional inhabitants of the valley are Tanana Athabaskans of Alaskan Athabaskans.
Climate
editThe region experiences great extremes of temperature during the year. During the winter months, the air is prone to stratification due to temperature inversions, leading to thick fogs. At the same time, a katabatic wind called the "Tanana Valley Jet" can form, blowing from the southeast to the northwest.[1] During the summer, the surrounding plains are generally boglike, and include much permafrost and many pingos.
Communities
editThe Tanana Valley is the most populated area of Alaska north of the Alaska Range. Its largest city is Fairbanks. Other communities include:
Archaeology
editAccording to James Q. Jacobs, Tanana Valley has the earliest evidence of human occupation in Alaska.
"At least three distinct lithic complexes appear in the Alaskan archaeological record at approximately the same time, between 12,060 and 11,660 B.P. The earliest firm evidence of human occupation is in the Tanana Valley in Alaska. At the Broken Mammoth, Swan Point, Mead, and Healy Lake, Alaska sites, the oldest dates range between 12,060 BP and 11,410.[2] These sites contain cultural remains considered ancestral to today's Alaskan Native inhabitants.[3]
The oldest stratified sites in the Nenana Valley region date to from 11,820 to 11,010 BP.[4]
The Mesa complex in northern Alaska dates to 11,660 BP."[5][6]
More recently, Tanana Valley sites have been dated to pre-Clovis period, or 13,000–14,000 cal yr BP.[7]
Sites
editThe Broken Mammoth site, the Swan Point Archaeological Site, and the Mead Archaeological Site are the earliest dated sites in Alaska. They are located along the Tanana River.
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ United States Environmental Protection Agency (18 August 2008). Sate of Alaska Area Designations For the 24-Hour FineParticle National Ambient Air Quality Standard (PDF) (Report). p. 18. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
- ^ Cook 1996:327, Hamilton and Goebel 1999:156–157, Holmes 1996, Holmes, et al. 1996
- ^ Smith, Gerad (December 2020). Ethnoarchaeology of the Middle Tanana Valley, Alaska. ProQuest.
- ^ Hoffecker et al. 1993:48, Goebel 1999:224
- ^ PALEOAMERICAN ORIGINS - A Review of Hypotheses and Evidence
- ^ Kunz and Reanier 1996:502
- ^ Tanana River Valley Archaeology circa 14,000 to 9500 B.P.. Charles E. Holmes. Arctic Anthropology. Vol. 38, No. 2, Between Two Worlds: Late Pleistocene Cultural and Technological Diversity in Eastern Beringia (2001), pp. 154–170
External links
edit- . Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.