Table of keyboard shortcuts

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

For keyboard shortcuts in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts.

In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a sequence or combination of keystrokes on a computer keyboard which invokes commands in software.

Most keyboard shortcuts require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the other. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously (indicated in the tables below by the sign). Keyboard shortcuts may depend on the keyboard layout.

Comparison of keyboard shortcuts

Main article: Keyboard shortcut

Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an important element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for adaptive technology, the pervasiveness of common conventions means that a meaningful comparison of keyboard shortcuts can be made across various widely used operating systems.

General shortcuts

Many shortcuts (such as Ctrl Z, Alt E, etc.) are just common conventions and are not handled by the operating system. Whether such commands are implemented (or not) depends on how an actual application program (such as an editor) is written and the frameworks used. Not all applications/frameworks follow (all of) these conventions, so if it doesn't work, it isn't compatible.

Some of the combinations are not true for localized versions of operating systems. For example, in a non-English version of Windows, the Edit menu is not always bound to the E shortcut.

Some software (such as KDE) allow their shortcuts to be changed, and the below list contains the defaults.

Action	Windows	macOS	Linux	Emacs	Vim	ChromeOS
File menu	Alt F, or F10 then F	Ctrl F2, then F	Alt F	Meta `, then f	Alt f (gvim) or Ctrl e (vim NERDTree)	Ctrl O
Edit menu	Alt E	Ctrl F2, then E	Alt E	Meta `, then e	Alt e (gvim)
View menu	Alt V	Ctrl F2, then V	Alt V
Undo the last operation	Ctrl Z, or Alt ← Backspace	⌘ Cmd Z	Ctrl Z	Ctrl x, then u or Ctrl / or Ctrl _ or Undo	u	Ctrl Z
Redo the last operation	Ctrl Y, or Alt Shift Backspace	⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd Z	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Z, or Ctrl Y	Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be redos. Since version 28, also Ctrl ? or Ctrl Alt _.	Ctrl r	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Z
Cut the selection and store it in the clipboard	Ctrl X, or ⇧ Shift Del	⌘ Cmd X	Ctrl X	Ctrl w	x or "ax to cut in register "a" or " x to cut in system clipboard	Ctrl X
Copy the selection into the clipboard	Ctrl C, or Ctrl Ins	⌘ Cmd C	Ctrl C	Meta w, or Ctrl Ins	y or "ay or " y	Ctrl C
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor	Ctrl V,or ⇧ Shift Ins	⌘ Cmd V	Ctrl V	Ctrl y, or ⇧ Shift Ins	p or "ap to paste the content of the "a" register or " p to paste the content of the system clipboard	Ctrl V
Paste special	⊞ Win V	Shift Opt Cmd V	Ctrl ⇧ Shift V	Meta y	Ctrl ⇧ Shift V	Search V
Select all in focused control or window	Ctrl A	⌘ Cmd A	Ctrl A	Ctrl x, then h	ggVG, unlikely ever needed as most commands take an optional range parameter. % means "all in focused windows" here so e.g. to copy all the text, use :%y	Ctrl A
Cycle through installed keyboard languages / input methods	Alt ⇧ Shift, Ctrl ⇧ Shift, ⊞ Win Space, ⊞ Win ⇧ Shift Space Alt ⇧ Shift changes between languages while Ctrl ⇧ Shift changes between keyboard layouts of the same language. The latter two display a menu with the currently selected input method highlighted, and debuted in Windows 8. ⊞ Win ⇧ Shift Space goes through the list backwards. For the first two shortcuts going backwards is done by using the right ⇧ Shift key instead of the left.	⌘ Cmd Space (not MBR) Configure desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu.	Ctrl Alt K via KDE Keyboard Alt ⇧ Shift in GNOME	Ctrl \		Ctrl Space
Print	Ctrl P	⌘ Cmd P	Ctrl P			Ctrl P
Open Help Menu			F1 in GNOME			Ctrl Alt /
Windows Mobility Center	Windows 7: ⊞ Win x Windows 10: ⊞ Win x then b
PowerUser (WinX) Menu	Windows 10: ⊞ Win x
Restart Video Driver	Windows 10: Ctrl ⇧ Shift ⊞ Win B

System navigation

Action	Windows	macOS	Linux	ChromeOS
Lock desktop	⊞ Win L	Ctrl ⌘ Cmd Q (macOS High Sierra and greater) or Ctrl ⇧ Shift Eject or MBR Ctrl ⇧ Shift Pwr (If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences — Security & Privacy")	Super L (GNOME) or Ctrl Alt L	Search L
Log out user		⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd Q	Ctrl Alt Delete	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Q (Twice)
Switch active user	⊞ Win L
Applications menu	⊞ Win or Ctrl Esc	Ctrl F2, then "n"	Super or Ctrl Esc	Search
Run application	⊞ Win, enter executable name or ⊞ Win R, enter executable name	⌘ Cmd Space, enter executable name or ⌘ Cmd ↓	Alt F2, enter executable name
Search	⊞ Win, enter executable name or ⊞ Win S or F3	⌘ Cmd Space	⊞ Win (Gnome)	Search
Show desktop	⊞ Win D	F11	Ctrl Alt D
Access SysTray	⊞ Win B			⇧ Shift Alt S
Switch window (next/previous)	Alt Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift Alt Tab ↹	⌘ Cmd Tab ↹ / ⌘ Cmd ⇧ Shift Tab ↹ (While in app switching window, ⌘ Cmd ` can be used to select backward, ⌘ Cmd 1 can be used to view selected app's windows)	Alt Tab ↹ / Alt ⇧ Shift Tab ↹ or Alt Tab ↹ / Alt ⇧ Shift Tab ↹ to switch windows within the same application (Gnome)	Hold Alt, then quickly press Tab ↹
Switch window without dialog (next/previous)	Alt Esc / ⇧ Shift Alt Esc	Only works within single Applications ⌘ Cmd ` / ⌘ Cmd ⇧ Shift `
Task manager	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Esc, Ctrl Alt Delete	⌥ Opt ⌘ Cmd Esc (summons "Force Quit Applications" window)		Search Esc
File manager	⊞ Win E		Super F	⇧ Shift Alt M
New folder	Ctrl ⇧ Shift N	⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd N	Ctrl ⇧ Shift N	Ctrl E
Rename object	F2	↵ Enter or F2	F2	Ctrl ↵ Enter
Show hidden files	Alt V, then H, then H again, while in File Explorer, will toggle setting	⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd ., while in Finder, will toggle setting	Ctrl H, Alt . in KDE	Ctrl .

Power management

Action	Windows	macOS	Linux	ChromeOS
Place computer into sleep/standby mode	Windows 10: ⊞ Win x > u > s Windows 7: ⊞ Win → → ↵ Enter Sleep (available on some keyboards)	⌥ Opt ⌘ Cmd Eject	Sleep (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel ➢ Power Options ➢ Advanced tab dialog box)
Shut down computer	Windows 10: ⊞ Win x > u > u	Ctrl ⌥ Opt ⌘ Cmd Eject (no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)	Ctrl Alt ⇧ Shift PageDown (KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate) (GNOME; there is no default shortcut)	Power (Hold for 10 seconds)
Restart computer	Windows 10: ⊞ Win x > u > r Windows 7: ⊞ Win → → ↑ ↵ Enter	Ctrl ⌘ Cmd Eject or Ctrl ⌘ Cmd Power (no confirmation, restart is immediate)	Ctrl Alt ⇧ Shift PageUp (KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate)
Place display in sleep mode		Ctrl ⇧ Shift Eject		where is lined
Bring up power/sleep dialog box		Ctrl Eject
Force shutdown	Power (Hold for several seconds)	⌥ Opt ⌘ Cmd Eject		refresh power

Screenshots

Action	Windows	macOS	Linux	ChromeOS
Save screenshot of entire screen as file	⊞ Win Print Screen	⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd 3	Print Screen	Ctrl Show Windows
Copy screenshot of entire screen to clipboard	⊞ Win Print Screen or Print Screen	Ctrl ⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd 3	Ctrl Print Screen	Ctrl Show Windows
Copy screenshot of active window to clipboard	Alt Print Screen		Ctrl Alt Print Screen
Save screenshot of window as file		⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd 4 then Space then move mouse and click	Alt Print Screen (GNOME)	Ctrl Alt Show Windows then move mouse and click
Copy screenshot of window to clipboard		Ctrl ⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd 4 then Space then move mouse and click	Alt Print Screen (GNOME)	Ctrl Alt Show Windows then move mouse and click
Save screenshot of arbitrary area as file		⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd 4 then click drag mouse over required area	Print Screen click drag mouse over required area, then ↵ Enter (GNOME)	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Show Windows then click drag mouse over required area
Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard (Snip)	Windows 10: ⊞ Win ⇧ Shift S	Ctrl ⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd 4 then click drag mouse over required area	Print Screen click drag mouse over required area, then ↵ Enter (GNOME)	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Show Windows then click drag mouse over required area
Screencasting			Ctrl Alt ⇧ Shift R (GNOME)	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Show Windows then select the Screen Record button on the toolbar
Screenshot Utility		⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd 5	Print Screen	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Show Windows

Text editing

Many of these commands may be combined with ⇧ Shift to select a region of text.

In macOS, holding ⌘ Command while dragging mouse can be used to invert selection, and holding ⌥ Option can be used to select by rectangular area in some apps. (These two functionalities may be combined).

In macOS, the default text editing keyboard shortcuts in Cocoa text views can be overridden and new custom shortcuts can be created, by creating and editing related configuration files.

Action	Windows	macOS	Linux	Emacs	Vim	ChromeOS
Delete char to the right of cursor	Del or Fn ← Backspace	Del or Fn ← Backspace or Ctrl D	Del	Ctrl d	x	Alt ← Backspace or Search ← Backspace or Del
Delete word to the right of cursor	Ctrl Del	⌥ Opt Del or ⌥ Opt Fn ← Backspace	Ctrl Del	Meta d	dw (delete space too)or de (keep space)	Ctrl Search ← Backspace
Delete word to the left of cursor	Ctrl ← Backspace	⌥ Opt ← Backspace	Ctrl ← Backspace	Ctrl ← Backspace or Meta ← Backspace	dge (delete space too)or db (keep space)	Ctrl ← Backspace
Go to start of line	Home or Fn ←	⌘ Cmd ← (go to start of line) or Ctrl A (go to start of paragraph)	Home	Ctrl a or Home	^ (go to first non-space) or 0 (go to column 0)	Search ←
Go to end of line	End or Fn →	⌘ Cmd → (go to end of line) or Ctrl E (go to end of paragraph)	End	Ctrl e or End	$	Search →
Go to start of document	Ctrl Home	⌘ Cmd ↑	Ctrl Home	Meta < or Ctrl Home	gg	Ctrl Search ←
Go to end of document	Ctrl End	⌘ Cmd ↓	Ctrl End	Meta > or Ctrl End	G	Ctrl Search →
Go to previous word	Ctrl ← or Ctrl /	⌥ Opt ← or Ctrl ⌥ Opt B	Ctrl ←	Meta b or Ctrl ← or Meta ←	b or ge	Ctrl ←
Go to next word	Ctrl →	⌥ Opt → or Ctrl ⌥ Opt F	Ctrl →	Meta f or Ctrl → or Meta →	w or e	Ctrl →
Go to previous line	↑	↑ or Ctrl p	↑	Ctrl p or ↑	k or ↑	↑
Go to next line	↓	↓ or Ctrl n	↓	Ctrl n or ↓	j or ↓	↓
Go to previous line break (paragraph)	Ctrl ↑	⌥ Opt ↑	Ctrl ↑ (kword or GNOME)	Meta ( or Control ↑	(	Ctrl ↑
Go to next line break	Ctrl ↓	⌥ Opt ↓	Ctrl ↓ (kword or GNOME)	Meta } or Control ↓	)	Ctrl ↓
Move the cursor down the length of the viewport	Page Down	⌥ Opt PageDn or ⌥ Opt Fn ↓ or Ctrl V	Page Down	Ctrl v or Page Down	Ctrl f or Page Down	Search ↓
Move the cursor up the length of the viewport	Page Up	⌥ Opt PageUp or ⌥ Opt Fn ↑	Page Up	Meta v or Page Up	Ctrl b or Page Up	Search ↑
Find	Ctrl F	⌘ Cmd F or ⌘ Cmd E (search with current selection)	Ctrl F Ctrl K (GNOME; interactive search)	Ctrl s	/	Ctrl F
Go to next search result	F3	⌘ Cmd G	Ctrl G (GNOME) or F3 (KDE)	Ctrl s	n	Ctrl G or ↵ Enter
Go to previous search result	⇧ Shift F3	⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd G	Ctrl ⇧ Shift G (GNOME) or ⇧ Shift F3 (KDE)	Ctrl r	N	Ctrl ⇧ Shift G or ⇧ Shift ↵ Enter
Search and replace	Ctrl H	⌘ Cmd F	Ctrl H (GNOME) or Ctrl R (KDE)	Meta %	%s/fosh/fish/gc	Ctrl ⇧ Shift H
Search with a regular expression				Ctrl Meta s	All searches use regular expressions.
Search and replace with a regular expression				Ctrl Meta %
Emoji Picker	⊞ Win . or ⊞ Win ;	Ctrl ⌘ Cmd Space				Search ⇧ Shift Space

Text formatting

Action	Windows WordPad	macOS	Linux	Emacs	Vim
Bold	Ctrl B	⌘ Cmd B	Ctrl B	Meta o, then b
Underline	Ctrl U	⌘ Cmd U	Ctrl U	Meta o, then u
Italic	Ctrl I	⌘ Cmd I	Ctrl I	Meta o, then i
Uppercase / Lowercase	Ctrl ⇧ Shift A	⌥ Opt ⌘ Cmd C	⇧ Shift F3	Meta u for upper, Meta l for lower, Meta c for capitalized.	gU for upper, gu for lower, ~ to toggle.
Superscript	Ctrl ⇧ Shift =	Ctrl ⌘ Cmd (some applications only)	Ctrl ⇧ Shift P
Subscript	Ctrl =	Ctrl ⌘ Cmd - (some applications only)	Ctrl ⇧ Shift B
Selected text larger/smaller	Ctrl >, Ctrl < or Ctrl [, Ctrl/core ] or Ctrl ⇧ Shift >, Ctrl ⇧ Shift <	⌘ Cmd ⌘ Cmd -
Selected text Bullets or Numbered Items	Ctrl ⇧ Shift L
Insert Linebreak/Newline	Ctrl ↵ Enter	⇧ Shift ↵ Enter or Ctrl ↵ Enter or ⌥ Opt ↵ Enter (may be able to skip some editor-defined input processing)	Ctrl ↵ Enter
Insert Unicode	Alt X character codepoint	⌥ Opt character codepoint ("Unicode Hex Input" must be added and active as current input source)	Ctrl ⇧ Shift U character codepoint	Ctrl v u character codepoint	Ctrl X 8 character codepoint

Browsers / Go menu

Action	Windows	macOS	Linux	ChromeOS
Go to Address Bar	Ctrl L / F6 / Alt D, Alt C or Alt E depending on language	⌘ Cmd L or ⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd G	Ctrl L or Alt D or F6	Ctrl L or Alt D
Go to the previous location in history	Alt ← or ← Backspace	⌘ Cmd [ or ⌘ Cmd ←	Alt ←	Alt ←
Go to the next location in history	Alt → or ⇧ Shift ← Backspace (web browser only)	⌘ Cmd ] or ⌘ Cmd →	Alt →	Alt →
Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy	Alt ↑ (Vista, 7, 8 or 10 only) or ← Backspace (Windows Explorer)	⌘ Cmd ↑	Alt ↑
Go to the starting page defined by the user or application	Alt Home	⌘ Cmd Home	Ctrl Home (KDE) / Alt Home (GNOME)	Alt Search ←

Web browsers

Action	Windows	macOS	Linux	Emacs-w3m	Vimperator	ChromeOS
Bookmarks menu	Ctrl B	⌘ Cmd B (Firefox)	Alt B	v	:bmarks	Ctrl ⇧ Shift B
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. .com)	Ctrl ↵ Enter	⌘ Cmd ↵ Enter (Firefox) or Ctrl ↵ Enter (Chrome)	Ctrl ↵ Enter			Ctrl ↵ Enter
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. .org)		⇧ Shift ⌘ Cmd ↵ Enter (Firefox)	Ctrl ⇧ Shift ↵ Enter
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. .net)		⇧ Shift ↵ Enter (Firefox)	⇧ Shift ↵ Enter
Add bookmark for current page	Ctrl D	⌘ Cmd D	Ctrl B / Ctrl D	a	:bmark	Ctrl D
Add bookmark for current link				Meta a
Manage bookmarks	Ctrl ⇧ Shift O (Microsoft Edge) or Ctrl B (Internet Explorer)	⌘ Cmd ⌥ Opt B (Chrome/Safari) or ⌘ Cmd ⇧ Shift B (Firefox)	Ctrl ⇧ Shift R / Ctrl B			Ctrl ⇧ Shift O
Focus and select Web search bar	Ctrl E	⌘ Cmd E (Opera) or ⌘ Cmd K (Firefox) or ⌥ Opt ⌘ Cmd F (Safari/Chrome)	Ctrl k		t (open in a new tab) or T (open in current tab)	Ctrl E or Ctrl K
Focus and select address bar	Ctrl L or F6 or Alt D	⌘ Cmd L	Ctrl L or Alt D or F6	g	O to alter URL, use y to copy it.	Ctrl L or Alt D
Refresh a webpage	Fn F5 or Ctrl R	⌘ Cmd R	F5 or Ctrl R	R	r	⟲ or Ctrl R
Refresh a webpage ignoring cache	Ctrl F5 or Ctrl ⇧ Shift R	⌥ Opt ⌘ Cmd E then ⌘ Cmd R	Ctrl ⇧ Shift F5 or Ctrl ⇧ Shift R		R	Ctrl ⇧ Shift R
Open a new window	Ctrl N	⌘ Cmd N (Chrome, hold shift to open new window in Incognito)	Ctrl N		:winopen	Ctrl N
Zoom Options (zoom in / zoom out / zoom 100%)	Ctrl / Ctrl - / Ctrl 0	⌘ Cmd / ⌘ Cmd - / ⌘ Cmd 0	Ctrl / Ctrl - / Ctrl 0		zi / zo / zz (text only) or zI / zO / zZ (text and images)	Ctrl / Ctrl - / Ctrl 0

Tab management

Action	Windows	macOS	Linux	Emacs-w3m	Vimperator	ChromeOS
New tab	Ctrl T	⌘ Cmd T	Ctrl ⇧ Shift N or Ctrl ⇧ Shift T or Ctrl T	Ctrl c, then Ctrl t	t	Ctrl T
Close tab	Ctrl W	⌘ Cmd W	Ctrl W Firefox & Opera & Chrome & GNOME Web & Midori Ctrl F4 Firefox & Opera & Chrome		d	Ctrl W
Close all tabs but the current one		⌘ Cmd ⌥ Opt T (Safari)		Ctrl c, then Meta w
Go to next tab	Ctrl Tab ↹	Ctrl Tab ↹ or ⌘ Cmd ⇧ Shift → (Safari)	Ctrl PageDown or Ctrl Tab ↹ or Ctrl .	Ctrl c, then Ctrl n	gt	Ctrl Tab ↹
Go to previous tab	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Tab ↹	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Tab ↹ or ⌘ Cmd ⇧ Shift ← (Safari)	Ctrl PageUp or Ctrl ⇧ Shift Tab ↹ or Ctrl ,	Ctrl c, then Ctrl p	gT	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Tab ↹
Go to tab-n	Ctrl n (Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer)	⌘ Cmd n (Chrome)	Alt n (Chrome, Firefox) or Ctrl n (Chrome)		First tab: g0 Last tab: g$	Ctrl b
Go to last tab	Ctrl 9 (Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer)	⌘ Cmd 9 (Chrome)	Alt 9 (Chrome, Firefox) or Ctrl 9 (Chrome)
Move a tab to the left	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Page Up (Chrome, Firefox)
Move a tab to the right	Ctrl ⇧ Shift Page Down (Chrome, Firefox)
Open a previously closed tab	Ctrl ⇧ Shift T	⌘ Cmd ⇧ Shift T (Firefox, Opera, Chrome)	Ctrl ⇧ Shift T (Firefox, Opera, Chrome)	Ctrl ⇧ Shift T (Firefox)	u	Ctrl ⇧ Shift T
Open a previously closed window	Ctrl ⇧ Shift N (Firefox)					Ctrl ⇧ Shift T
Close the current internet tab	Ctrl W	⌘ Cmd F11				Ctrl W

Window management

Action	Windows	macOS	KDE	GNOME	Emacs	ChromeOS
Force window mode (Application requires functionality for set action)	0 ↵ Enter	⌥ Opt Alt ↵ Enter or ⌥ Option Alt F or ⌘ Cmd F or ⌘ Cmd ⌥ Option F
Pop up window menu	Alt Space		Alt F3	Alt Space	Meta `, then b
Close the focused window	Alt F4 or Alt Space then C	⌘ Cmd W	Alt F4	Alt F4	Ctrl x, then k	Ctrl W
Close all windows of current application		⌘ Cmd ⌥ Opt W				Ctrl ⇧ Shift W
Restore the focused window to its previous size	Alt Space then R		Alt F3 then X	Alt F5	Ctrl x, then r, then j, then letter of the window state register.
Move the focused window	Alt Space then M then Arrow Keys and ↵ Enter (to save new location)		Alt Mouse / Alt F3 then M then Arrow Keys	Alt Mouse / Alt F7 then Arrow Keys
Resize the focused window	Alt Space then S then Arrow Keys and ↵ Enter (to save new size)		Alt F3 then S then Arrow Keys	Alt F8 then Arrow Keys / Alt Right Mouse Button	Ctrl x, then ^ vertically	Alt ] (snap window to right half of screen), Alt [ (snap window to left half of screen)
Keep window always on top	Ctrl Alt Esc (toggles on/off)
Hide the focused window		⌘ Cmd H			Meta x, then bury-buffer, then ↵ Enter
Hide all except the focused window		⌘ Cmd ⌥ Option H
Put the focused window furthest back (in tab order and Z axis)	Alt Esc
Minimize the focused window	Alt Space then N or ⊞ Win ↓ (Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows 7 )	⌘ Cmd M	Alt F3 then N	Alt F9	Meta x, then bury-buffer, then ↵ Enter	Alt -
Maximize the focused window	Alt Space then X or ⊞ Win ↑ (Windows 7 )	⌘ Cmd L	Alt F3 then X	Alt F10	Ctrl x, then 1	Alt
Maximize horizontally			Available, but no default	Available, but no default
Maximize vertically	⊞ Win ⇧ Shift ↑ (Windows 7 )	Available ('Zoom'), but no default	Available, but no default	Available, but no default
Minimize all	⊞ Win M or ⊞ Win D	⌘ Cmd ⌥ Opt M	Available, but no default
Minimize all non focused windows	⊞ Win Home (Windows 7 )		Available, but no default
Undo minimize all	⊞ Win ⇧ Shift M		Available, but no default
Switch fullscreen/normal size	F11 or ⊞ Win ⇧ Shift ↵ Enter (UWP apps only)	⌘ Cmd Ctrl F or Fn F	F11	F11		Fullscreen
Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar		Depends on application, system default: ⌘ Cmd Ctrl F and Fn F	Ctrl ⇧ Shift F	Ctrl F11
Rollup/down window	Win D		Available, but no default
Show all open windows	⊞ Win Tab ↹	F3 or F9 or Fn F9 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner		⊞ Win works per desktop on Gnome 3	Ctrl x, then Ctrl b	Show Windows
Show all windows of current application	⊞ Win Tab ↹	Ctrl F3 or F10 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner		Ctrl `	Ctrl x, then Ctrl b
Show all workspaces	⊞ Win Tab ↹ (Windows 10)	F8 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner		⊞ Win		Show Windows
Move window to left/right/up/down workspace	⊞ Win ←/→ (Windows 7 )		Available, but no default	Ctrl Alt ⇧ Shift ← / →		⇧ Shift Search [/]
Move window between multiple monitors	⊞ Win ⇧ Shift ←/→ (Windows 7 )			⊞ Win ⇧ Shift ←/→/⊞ Win ⇧ Shift ↑/↓		Alt Search M
Move window to workspace n			Available, but no default
Switch to next/previous workspace list			Available, but no default
Go to workspace n		Ctrl n	Ctrl Fn			⇧ Shift Search n
Go to left/right/up/down workspace		Ctrl ← / Ctrl → / Ctrl ↑ / Ctrl ↓ (OS X 10.5 to 10.6), Ctrl ← / Ctrl → (OS X 10.7 and later)	Available, but no default	Ctrl Alt ← / →		Search [/]
Quit application of current window	Alt F4 or Ctrl F4 varies	⌘ Cmd Q	Ctrl Alt Esc	Alt F4 or Ctrl Q	q	Ctrl ⇧ Shift W
Close dialog	Esc (Laptop) ⊞ Win ↓ F4 (Desktop)	Esc or sometimes ⌘ Cmd .		Esc		Esc or Ctrl ⇧ Shift W
Open/Focus (preview) pinned program on the taskbar	⊞ Win (#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 )			⊞ Win (#) where "#" is the position of the program on the GNOME Dash		Alt (#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
Open new program window of pinned program in Quick Launch	⊞ Win (#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch toolbar (Windows Vista, 7 )	⌘ Cmd A ⇧ Shift				Alt (#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is already opened)	⊞ Win ⇧ Shift (#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 )			⊞ Win Ctrl (#) where "#" is the position of the program on the GNOME Dash		Alt (#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
Focus the first taskbar entry; pressing again will cycle through them	⊞ Win T, then ←→ back and forth; hold ⇧ Shift to cycle backwards (Windows 7 )
Peek at the desktop	⊞ Win Space (Windows 7) ⊞ Win Comma (Windows 8 )	⌘ Cmd F3 or F11 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner
Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets	⊞ Win G (Windows Vista,7) or ⊞ Win Space (Vista only, no cycling)
External display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc.)	⊞ Win P (Windows 7 )					Ctrl Fullscreen

User interface navigation (widgets and controls)

Action	Windows	macOS	KDE	GNOME
Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control	Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift Tab ↹	Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift Tab ↹	Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift Tab ↹	Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift Tab ↹ Ctrl Tab ↹ / Ctrl ⇧ Shift Tab ↹
Pop up tooltip for currently focused control	⇧ Shift F1			Ctrl F1
Show context-sensitive help for currently focused window or control	⇧ Shift F1	⌘ Cmd ? (Not context-sensitive, functionally a "Spotlight" for menu bar items and help topics)	⇧ Shift F1	⇧ Shift F1
Give focus to next/previous pane	Ctrl F6 / Alt F5	⌘ Cmd ` ⌘ Cmd ⇧ Shift `		F5 / Alt F6
Give focus to splitter bar in paned window				F8
Give focus to window's menu bar	F10 or Alt	⌘ Cmd ⇧ Shift /, then type command name, or Ctrl F2 (or Fn Ctrl F2 on some keyboards)	Alt	F10
Pop up contextual menu for currently selected objects (aka context menu)	⇧ Shift F10 or ≣ Menu	Varies with laptop / extended keyboard type; enable Mouse keys in Universal Access, then Fn Ctrl 5 or Ctrl 5 (numeric keypad) or Function Ctrl I (laptop)	≣ Menu	≣ Menu or ⇧ Shift F10
Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button	Space	Space	Space	Space
Activate focused button, menu item etc.	↵ Enter	Space (also ↵ Enter for menu items)	↵ Enter	↵ Enter
Expand a drop-down list	F4 or Alt ↓
Select/move to first/last item in selected widget			Home / End	Home / End
Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right		PageUp / PageDown ( Fn ↑ / Fn ↓ )		PageUp / Ctrl PageUp / PageDown / Ctrl PageDown
Scroll selected view to top/bottom		Home / End ( Fn ← / Fn → )
Switch focus to the next/previous tab/view within a window	Ctrl Tab ↹	Ctrl Tab ↹ Ctrl ⇧ Shift Tab ↹		Ctrl Tab ↹ -> Ctrl ⇧ Shift Tab ↹ <-
Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop				Ctrl Alt Tab ↹ / Ctrl Alt ⇧ Shift Tab ↹
Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog)				Ctrl Alt Esc / Ctrl Alt ⇧ Shift Esc

Command line shortcuts

Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment. Bash and Z shell keybindings are derived from Emacs text editing bindings.

Action	Windows (cmd.exe)	Windows (PowerShell)	Unix-like (bash, zsh)	Unix-like (POSIX-compliant shell)
Scroll through history of typed commands	↑/↓	↑/↓	↑/↓ or Ctrl P/Ctrl N	ESC K / ESC J
Signal end-of-file	Ctrl Z		Ctrl D
Abort current command/typing	Ctrl C	Ctrl C	Ctrl C	Ctrl C
Erase word to the left	Ctrl ← Backspace	Ctrl ← Backspace	Ctrl W or Esc ← Backspace
Erase word to the right	Ctrl Delete	Ctrl Delete	Alt D
Erase line to the left	Ctrl Home	Ctrl Home	Ctrl U
Erase line to the right	Ctrl End	Ctrl End	Ctrl K
Yank/paste previously erased string			Ctrl Y
Move one word to the left (backward)	Ctrl ←	Ctrl ←	Alt B
Move one word to the right (forward)	Ctrl →	Ctrl →	Alt F
Move to beginning of line	Home	Home	Ctrl A or Home
Move to end of line	End	End	Ctrl E or End
Reverse search of history	F8	F8	Ctrl R
Pause execution of the current job			Ctrl Z
Insert the next character typed verbatim			Ctrl V
Autocomplete command/file name	Tab ↹ (enabled by default in Windows XP and later)	Tab ↹	Tab ↹ (usually once)	Esc (usually twice)
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor	Alt Space then E then P	Ctrl V	⇧ Shift Ins
Scroll window up	⇧ Shift PageUp (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)	PageUp	⇧ Shift PageUp
Scroll window down	⇧ Shift PageDown (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)	PageDown	⇧ Shift PageDown
Clear screen			Ctrl L

Accessibility

• In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel.
• In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible, if Universal Access is enabled on the system.

Action	Windows	macOS	KDE	GNOME
Utility Manager	⊞ Win U
Use keyboard to control cursor	Left Alt Left Shift Numlock
Allow user to press shortcuts one key at a time	⇧ Shift press 5 times			⇧ Shift 5 times
Hear beep when -lock key pressed	Numlock hold 5 seconds
Stop/slow repeating characters when key is pressed	Right Shift hold 8 seconds			⇧ Shift hold for 8 seconds
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode	Left Alt Left Shift PrtScn	⌘ Cmd ⌥ Opt Ctrl 8	Meta ⇧ Shift i (if enabled)
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode (Only current window)			Meta ⇧ Shift u (if enabled)
Accessibility Shortcut	Ctrl ⊞ Win C

See also

• Keyboard shortcut
• Microsoft Windows key shortcuts
• Common User Access (CUA)
• Computer keyboard
• Human interface guidelines
• Pointing device gesture

External links

• macOS
  • Mac keyboard shortcuts
  • Keyboard shortcuts in Safari for Mac
• Windows
  • Keyboard shortcuts in Windows
• ChromeOS
  • Chromebook keyboard shortcuts
• Linux (GNOME)
  • Useful Keyboard Shortcuts
  • Keyboard Navigation
  • Set Keyboard Shortcuts
  • Universal Access
  • Usage
  • Keyboard Interaction
  • library.gnome.org for the latest documentation of unstable
• Linux (KDE)
  • KDE Fundamentals: Common Keyboard Shortcuts
  • KDE Community Wiki: KDE Visual Design Group/HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts
• Office Suites
  • Apache OpenOffice or LibreOffice
    • OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice keyboard shortcuts
• Web Browsers
  • Chrome or Chromium: Google Chrome keyboard shortcuts
  • Firefox: Firefox browser keyboard shortcuts
  • Opera: Opera browser keyboard shortcuts