Wikipedia

Foxboro Stadium

(Redirected from Sullivan Stadium)
For the present stadium in Foxborough, see Gillette Stadium.

Foxboro Stadium, originally Schaefer Stadium and later Sullivan Stadium, was an outdoor stadium in the New England region of the United States, located in Foxborough, Massachusetts. It opened in 1971 and served as the home of the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL) for 31 seasons (through January 2002) and also as the first home venue for the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer (MLS) from 1996 to 2002. The stadium was the site of several games in both the 1994 FIFA World Cup and the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, and hosted a wide variety of other events, particularly concerts. Foxboro Stadium was demolished in 2002 and replaced by Gillette Stadium and the Patriot Place shopping center.

Foxboro Stadium
An aerial view of Foxboro Stadium in 2002. Construction work on Gillette Stadium is visible in the lower right.
Map
Former names
LocationFoxborough, Massachusetts
Coordinates42°5′34″N 71°16′3″W / 42.09278°N 71.26750°W / 42.09278; -71.26750
Owner
Capacity60,292
Surface
Construction
Broke groundSeptember 23, 1970
OpenedAugust 15, 1971[1][2]
ClosedJanuary 19, 2002
DemolishedLate January–June 2002
Construction cost$7.1 million
($53.4 million in 2023 dollars)[3]
Architect
General contractorJ. F. White Contracting Co.[4]
Tenants

History

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The stadium opened in August 1971 as Schaefer Stadium,[2] primarily as the home venue for the renamed New England Patriots of the National Football League.[1] The team was known as the Boston Patriots for its first eleven seasons 1960–70,[5] and had played in various stadiums in the Boston area. For six seasons, 1963–68, the Patriots played in Fenway Park, home of baseball's Boston Red Sox.[6] Like most baseball stadiums, Fenway was poorly suited as a football venue. Its seating capacity was inadequate—only about 40,000 for football—and many seats had obstructed views. With the completion of the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, the league required its teams to play in stadiums which seated more than 50,000, and no venue in Boston proper could accommodate a crowd this size with the NFL's then-new requirements. Indeed, before the Patriots arrived, numerous previous attempts at pro football in Boston had been stymied by the lack of a pro-caliber stadium. (The Redskins left for Washington, D.C. after the 1936 season, in which they hosted the NFL Championship Game, not in Boston but at the Polo Grounds in New York City.)

The then-Boston Patriots played the 1969 season at Alumni Stadium at Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, and the 1970 season, their first in the NFL, at Harvard Stadium in Boston's Allston neighborhood.[6]

The site was selected when the owners of Bay State Raceway donated the land, midway between Boston and Providence, Rhode Island. The general contractor who built the stadium was a Massachusetts-based company named J. F. White Contracting Co.[citation needed]

Ground was broken in September 1970,[7] and it cost $7.1 million,[7] only $200,000 over budget.[8] Even allowing for this modest cost overrun, it was still a bargain price for a major sports stadium even by 1970s standards. This was because the Patriots received no funding from the governments of either the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or the town of Foxborough; indeed, it was one of the few major league stadiums of that era that was entirely privately funded.[7]

Seating capacity

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Years Capacity
1971 61,114[9]
1972 60,999[10]
1973–1977 61,279[11]
1978–1983 61,297[12]
1984–1987 60,890[13]
1988–1994 60,794[14]
1995–2002 60,292[15]

Playing surface

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Like the majority of outdoor sports venues built in North America in the 1970s, Foxboro Stadium was designed for the use of an artificial turf playing surface. The original field was Poly-Turf,[16] succeeded by AstroTurf.[citation needed] A natural grass field was installed before the start of the 1991 season.[citation needed]

Naming rights

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The original name in 1971 was Schaefer Stadium for the brewery of that name in an early example of the sale of naming rights to a company that did not own the stadium. When this agreement expired after the 1982 season, Anheuser-Busch took over the rights. Instead of putting the name of one of its brands of beer on the stadium, Anheuser-Busch agreed to name it in honor of the Sullivan family, then the majority owners of the Patriots. The name Sullivan Stadium took effect on May 23, 1983.[17] After Sullivan went bankrupt and Robert Kraft purchased the stadium, Kraft stripped Sullivan's name and renamed the venue "Foxboro Stadium".[18] Although the official spelling of the town's name is "Foxborough", the shorter spelling was used for the stadium.[19]

During the ownership of Victor Kiam, ESPN anchor Chris Berman humorously referred to the facility as "Shaver Stadium", a pun on Kiam's fame from Remington razor commercials and the stadium's original name.

Notable events

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Soccer

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The venue hosted numerous significant soccer matches, including six games in the 1994 FIFA World Cup.[8] Foxboro Stadium was the last stadium where Diego Maradona scored a World Cup goal in a game against Greece, and where he last played in an official FIFA World Cup match against Nigeria on June 25, 1994.

The stadium hosted five games in the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, the 1996 and 1999 MLS Cups, and the inaugural Women's United Soccer Association Founders Cup.

The stadium's final soccer match was the qualifying match between the United States and Jamaica, which the United States won 2-1.

1994 FIFA World Cup
Date Time (EDT) Team #1 Res. Team #2 Round Attendance
21 June 1994 12:30   Argentina 4–0   Greece Group D 54,456
23 June 1994 19:30   South Korea 0–0   Bolivia Group C 54,453
25 June 1994 16:00   Argentina 2–1   Nigeria Group D
30 June 1994 19:30   Greece 0–2 53,001
5 July 1994 13:00   Nigeria 1–2 (a.e.t.)   Italy Round of 16 54,367
9 July 1994 12:00   Italy 2–1   Spain Quarter-finals 53,400
1999 FIFA Women's World Cup
Date Time (EDT) Team #1 Res. Team #2 Round Attendance
20 June 1999 16:00   Norway 2–1   Russia Group C 14,873
20 June 1999 19:30   Australia 1–1   Ghana Group D 14,873
27 June 1999 16:30   Mexico 0–2   Italy Group B 50,484
27 June 1999 19:00   United States 3–0   North Korea Group A 50,484
4 July 1999 19:30   Norway 0–5   China Semi-finals 28,986
Major League Soccer finals
Event Date Champions Res. Runners-Up Attendance
MLS Cup '96 20 October 1996 D.C. United 3–2 (a.e.t.) Los Angeles Galaxy 34,643
MLS Cup '99 21 November 1999 2–0 44,910
Women's United Soccer Association finals
Event Date Time (EDT) Champions Res. Runners-Up Attendance
2001 WUSA Founders Cup 25 August 2001 14:00 Bay Area CyberRays 3–3 (a.e.t.) (4–2 p) Atlanta Beat 21,078

College football

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Holy Cross Crusaders

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During the final week of the 1971 season, Holy Cross moved its home game against rival Boston College to the newly-constructed Schaefer Stadium, due to a heavy snowstorm that rendered Fitton Field in Worcester unplayable.[20]

Boston College Eagles

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In the opening week of the 1975 season, Boston College hosted Notre Dame at Schaefer Stadium in their first ever meeting.[21] From 1983 through 1987, BC used Schaefer/Sullivan Stadium as an alternate home venue to host crowds larger than could be accommodated on campus at Alumni Stadium.

Date Visiting Team Result Home Team Attendance Source
November 27, 1971 Boston College (rivalry) 21-7 Holy Cross 22,205 [22][23][24]
September 15, 1975 #9 Notre Dame (Holy War) 17-3 Boston College 61,501 [21][25][26]
October 29, 1983 Penn State 17-27 #19 Boston College 56,605 [27][28]
November 19, 1983 Holy Cross (rivalry) 7-47 #18 Boston College 38,512 [29][28]
November 26, 1983 #13 Alabama 13-20 #15 Boston College 58,047 [30][31][28]
September 22, 1984 North Carolina 20-52 #10 Boston College 44,672 [32][33]
November 17, 1984 Syracuse (rivalry) 16-24 #13 Boston College 60,890 [34][33]
September 14, 1985 #17 Maryland 31-13 Boston College 30,210 [35][36]
September 28, 1985 Miami (FL) 45-10 Boston College 31,864 [37][36]
September 20, 1986 #5 Penn State 26-14 Boston College 42,329 [38][39]
September 26, 1987 #15 Penn State 27-17 Boston College 50,267 [40][41]
Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game

Other events

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The stadium hosted numerous other outdoor events, primarily concerts, along with music festivals, including The Monsters of Rock Festival Tour and The Vans Warped Tour, as well as the WWF King of the Ring tournament on July 8, 1985 and July 14, 1986. U2 played on The Joshua Tree Tour on September 22, 1987, and later performed three nights of their Zoo TV Tour on August 20, 22, and 23, 1992. Schaefer Stadium hosted Elton John on July 4, 1976, as well as Boz Scaggs, The Eagles, and Fleetwood Mac on July 25, 1976.

Sullivan Stadium hosted The Who's 25th anniversary tour on July 12 and 14, 1989.

Paul McCartney brought the Flowers In the Dirt Tour to the stadium on July 24 and 26, 1990.

New Kids on The Block brought The Magic Summer Tour to the stadium on July 29 and July 31, 1990. An audience of 53,000 people attended one of two concert dates.

Genesis brought the We Can't Dance Tour to the stadium on May 28, 1992.

Metallica and Guns N' Roses brought the Guns N' Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour to the stadium on September 11, 1992, with Faith No More as their opening act.

Elton John performed at the venue in front of 62,000 on US Bicentennial on July 4, 1976. John again appeared in a Face to Face concert with Billy Joel on July 18, 1994.

Madonna performed her "Who's That Girl" tour there on July 9, 1987, to a sell-out crowd. Bob Dylan and the Grateful Dead recorded a portion of their collaborative live album, entitled Dylan & the Dead, there on July 4, 1987. Pink Floyd played a two-night stand in May 1988 (on one of the nights their inflatable pig was torn to shreds). They also played a three-night sold-out stand in May 1994 on their The Division Bell Tour which was recorded and readily available on bootleg. (The second night was filmed by MTV for promotional purposes.) The Dave Matthews Band played seven shows at the stadium from 1998 to 2001.

The Rolling Stones played three nights on September 27 and 29 and October 1, 1989, then two more nights on September 4 and 5, 1994 and lastly October 20 and 21, 1997.

Additionally, in 1994, the Drum Corps International World Championships were held in the stadium.

Closing

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By the late 1990s, Foxboro Stadium had become functionally obsolete by modern NFL standards. Despite excellent sight lines to view game action or concerts and having fewer of the issues that multi-sport multi-purpose stadiums in other cities had, the stadium was otherwise outmoded. The facility was built in a low-cost "bare bones" manner with unexceptional architectural elements, and had very few modern amenities. The stadium's plumbing was not designed with NFL-sized crowds in mind, which became evident when a sewage issue overflowed the restroom facilities during its first game.[42] Stadium officials were forced to augment the permanent toilets with rented portable toilets for the rest of the stadium's existence. It also lacked luxury boxes, an increasingly important source of revenue for other teams in the league. Most patrons had to sit on backless aluminum benches (or like still done in the lower Lambeau Field bowl today, rent or bring in their own stadium cushions and portable chairbacks, especially in cold weather), as only a small fraction of the seats had permanent chairbacks (painted blue, red and white near the 50-yard line). During heavy rains, the numerous unpaved spots in the parking lot turned to mud. It frequently took an hour or more to leave after games, due to its location on a then-undivided four-lane portion of U.S. Route 1.[8] In order to host the FIFA World Cup (and later, the New England Revolution), several rows of seats were removed to accommodate a soccer pitch with acceptable dimensions to FIFA.[43]

With a capacity of just over 60,000 (only 10,000 above the NFL's minimum seating capacity), it was one of the smallest stadiums in the NFL. It was also almost completely exposed to the elements, meaning that there was almost no protection for the fans in storms (outside of beneath the stands) or in extreme cold. Additionally, the Sullivan family had lost millions promoting the Jackson Victory Tour in 1984. Due to their relatively modest wealth compared to other NFL owners, they pledged the stadium as collateral for the tour. Knowing that the revenue from the Patriots would not be nearly enough to service the debt, the Sullivans quietly put the team and the stadium on the market.[44]

The Sullivans' financial picture was so dire that even when the Patriots made Super Bowl XX, the team failed to bring in nearly enough money to service the debt from the Victory Tour. With most of their money tied up in the team, they sold controlling interest in the Patriots to Victor Kiam in 1989. The stadium, however, lapsed into bankruptcy and was bought by Boston paper magnate Robert Kraft in 1988.[citation needed]

When Kiam and Sullivan tried to sell the team to interests in Jacksonville, Kraft effectively stymied the deal by refusing to let the team out of their lease, which contained an ironclad commitment to play in the stadium until 2001. As a result, when Kiam himself was crippled by financial troubles, he sold the Patriots to James Orthwein in 1992. After only two years, Orthwein tried to move the Patriots to his hometown of St. Louis. However, as in 1992, Kraft refused to let the Patriots out of their lease. Orthwein then put the team on the market, but the wording of the operating covenant required any potential buyer to negotiate lease terms with Kraft. With this in mind, Kraft swooped in and bought the team himself.[45] Two years later, Kraft bought the parcel of land containing neighboring Bay State Raceway, allowing him to build a new and privately-financed stadium on the raceway property after proposals to build a new stadium in Hartford, Connecticut and South Boston failed.[citation needed]

After 31 NFL seasons, Foxboro Stadium was scheduled to be demolished on December 23, 2001, the day after the Patriots' final home game. However, the stadium would instead play host to the first season of the Tom Brady and Bill Belichick era, with the team making a run to get into the playoffs and going on to win their first Super Bowl. As a result, the stadium was not demolished until late January 2002, after the conclusion of the 2001 postseason. The last game played in the stadium, the "Tuck Rule Game", was played in a snow storm; it resulted in a Patriots win against the Oakland Raiders, which famously featured an overturned fumble call based on the then-applicable tuck rule in the final minutes. The stadium's former site became parking lots for its successor, Gillette Stadium, before being developed into the open-air shopping center Patriot Place.[citation needed]

References

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  1. ^ a b "New England opens park with victory". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. August 16, 1971. p. 6B.
  2. ^ a b "Traffic situation 'hard to forget'". The Telegraph. (Nashua, New Hampshire). Associated Press. August 16, 1971. p. 18.
  3. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  4. ^ a b Foxboro Stadium
  5. ^ New England Is Their Third Name
  6. ^ a b They Played at Four Different Stadiums In Their First 11 Years
  7. ^ a b c FOXBORO STADIUM
  8. ^ a b c Foulds, Alan (2005). Boston's Ballparks and Arenas. University Press of New England. ISBN 9781584654094.
  9. ^ Will McDonough (September 3, 1972). "Bell Hopes Patriots Knock 'Em Around". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on February 1, 2013.
  10. ^ Al Harvin (October 16, 1972). "Riggins, Boozer Combine for 318 Yards; Jet Ground Game Crushes Patriots". New York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  11. ^ "Patriot Goal: Field Winner". Rome News-Tribune. April 11, 1976.
  12. ^ "Shoulder May Keep Griese From Returning This Year". Palm Beach Post. April 1, 1981.[permanent dead link‍]
  13. ^ "Hannah May Miss Jets". The Lewiston Journal. October 26, 1984.
  14. ^ "AFC East". USA Today. September 2, 1988. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
  15. ^ Bill Plaschke (September 11, 1995). "Dolphins Have Few Problems in 20-3 Victory". Los Angeles Times.
  16. ^ Sports Illustrated – "Rug" – Scorecard – October 18, 1971
  17. ^ "History: 1980-1989". Official web site of the New England Patriots. New England Patriots. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  18. ^ The League by David Harris
  19. ^ Ask PFW: Winning vs. whining Patriots.com
  20. ^ Concannon, Joe (November 27, 1971). "Phone call switches BC-HC site to Schaefer". Boston Globe. p. 17.
  21. ^ a b "17-3 for Devine, Assistants". Press and Sun-Bulletin. September 16, 1975. pp. 13–A. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  22. ^ Nason, Jerry (November 28, 1971). "BC's Bombs Trip Up 'Soft Touch' HC, 21-7". Boston Sunday Globe. p. 85. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  23. ^ "1971 Boston College Eagles Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  24. ^ "1971 Holy Cross Crusaders Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  25. ^ "1975 Notre Dame Fighting Irish Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  26. ^ "1975 Boston College Eagles Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  27. ^ "1983 Penn State Nittany Lions Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  28. ^ a b c "1983 Boston College Eagles Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  29. ^ May, Peter (November 20, 1983). "BC Pounds Holy Cross, Expects New Bowl Foe". Hartford Courant. p. 102. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  30. ^ "Turnovers turn back Tide; BC finishes with 9–2 record". The Boston Globe. November 26, 1983. p. 28. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  31. ^ "1983 Alabama Crimson Tide Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  32. ^ "1984 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  33. ^ a b "1984 Boston College Eagles Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  34. ^ "1984 Syracuse Orange Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  35. ^ "1985 Maryland Terrapins Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  36. ^ a b "1985 Boston College Eagles Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  37. ^ "1985 Miami (FL) Hurricanes Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  38. ^ "1986 Penn State Nittany Lions Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  39. ^ "1986 Boston College Eagles Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  40. ^ "1987 Penn State Nittany Lions Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  41. ^ "1987 Boston College Eagles Schedule and Results". Sports Reference. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  42. ^ Joseph, Dave (December 21, 2001). "FROZEN IN TIME". sun-sentinel.com. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  43. ^ Mallison, Lloyd (August 25, 2015). "Before the Patriots played at Gillette Stadium". The Boston Globe. pp. slideshow image number 27. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  44. ^ Harris, David (1986). The League: The Rise and Decline of the NFL. New York City: Bantam Books. pp. 629–32. ISBN 0-553-05167-9.
  45. ^ Burke, Monte (September 19, 2015). "Unlikely Dynasty". Forbes.
Preceded by Home of the
New England Patriots
1971–2002 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
first stadium
 Home of the
New England Revolution
1996–2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of the MLS Cup
1996
1999 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of the
Drum Corps International
World Championship
1994 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of AFC Championship Game
1997 		Succeeded by
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