Stephen Self is a British volcanologist, best known for his work on large igneous provinces and on the global impacts of volcanic eruptions.[1][2]
Stephen Self | |
|---|---|
| Nationality | British |
| Alma mater | University of Leeds (BSc, 1970) Imperial College (PhD, 1974) |
| Known for | Climate impacts of volcanism; flood basalts and supereuptions. |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Volcanologist |
| Institutions | Arizona State University University of Texas, Arlington University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Open University Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
| Doctoral advisor | George P.L. Walker |
Education and career
editSelf graduated from Leeds University in 1970, with a BSc in geology. He then went to Imperial College to study for a PhD on the recent volcanology of Terceira,[3] Azores, supervised by George P. L. Walker. After completing his PhD thesis in 1974, Self moved to New Zealand as a post-doctoral fellow at Victoria University, Wellington, before moving to the United States as a NASA Research Fellow, first at Dartmouth College from 1977 to 1979 and then at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (1977–1979). He was Assistant Professor at Arizona State University from 1979 to 1983, and later Associate Professor and then Professor at University of Texas, Arlington from 1983 to 1990.[4][5] In 1990, Self moved to the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu as Professor, before returning to the UK in 2001 to take up a Chair in Volcanology at The Open University. From 2008 to 2018, Self worked for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission as Senior Volcanologist. He is currently adjunct Professor at University of California, Berkeley.[6]
Contributions
editSelf has made many contributions to volcanology through his research and publications. He is best known for his work on very large eruptions and their impacts. In 1979, he was the first scientist of the modern era to visit the crater of Tambora volcano, in Indonesia. The 1815 eruption of Tambora was the largest and most deadly eruptipn of the past 750 years, and led to the infamous 'Year without a Summer' of 1816.[7] With Christopher G. Newhall he conceived the Volcanic Explosivity Index in 1982,[8] which is still widely used as a comparator of eruption sizes. With Michael R. Rampino, Self developed hypotheses about the links between large explosive volcanic eruptions and climate,[9] and published studies on the large Quaternary eruptions of Toba, Tambora and Krakatoa, among others.[10][11][12][13] With Thor Thordarsson, Self has also written extensively on the Icelandic eruptions of 1783–4,[14] and on the emplacement and inflation of large basaltic lava flows.[15][16]
Service and recognition
editSelf was Vice-President of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior from 2011-2015.[17] In 2012, he was elected Fellow of the American Geophysical Union; an honour which recognises 'individual members who have made exceptional scientific contributions and attained acknowledged eminence'.[18] He has also been elected Fellow of the Geological Society of America.
References
edit- ^ Newhall, Chris; Self, Stephen; Robock, Alan (28 February 2018). "Anticipating future Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 7 eruptions and their chilling impacts". Geosphere. 14 (2): 572–603. Bibcode:2018Geosp..14..572N. doi:10.1130/ges01513.1.
- ^ "The Volcanic Explosivity Index: A tool for comparing the sizes of explosive volcanic eruptions | U.S. Geological Survey". www.usgs.gov.
- ^ SELF, STEPHEN (12 November 1976). "The Recent volcanology of Terceira, Azores". Journal of the Geological Society. 132 (6): 645–666. Bibcode:1976JGSoc.132..645S. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.132.6.0645. S2CID 129010185.
- ^ "The Authors". Scientific American. 250 (1): 8–9. 1984. Bibcode:1984SciAm.250a...8.. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0184-8. JSTOR 24969270.
- ^ Experience and affiliations Official Website
- ^ "NASA Earth Observatory Image of the Day". 18 May 2020.
- ^ Sanders, Robert (31 March 2015). "200th anniversary of Tambora eruption" – via UC Berkeley News.
- ^ Newhall, Christopher G.; Self, Stephen (12 February 1982). "The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism". Journal of Geophysical Research. 87 (C2): 1231. Bibcode:1982JGR....87.1231N. doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231.
- ^ Rampino, Michael R.; Self, Stephen; Fairbridge, Rhodes W. (16 November 1979). "Can Rapid Climatic Change Cause Volcanic Eruptions?". Science. 206 (4420): 826–829. Bibcode:1979Sci...206..826R. doi:10.1126/science.206.4420.826. PMID 17820760. S2CID 23417321.
- ^ Rampino, Michael R.; Self, Stephen (12 September 1992). "Volcanic winter and accelerated glaciation following the Toba super-eruption". Nature. 359 (6390): 50–52. Bibcode:1992Natur.359...50R. doi:10.1038/359050a0. S2CID 4322781 – via www.nature.com.
- ^ Rampino, Michael R.; Self, Stephen (12 September 1982). "Historic Eruptions of Tambora (1815), Krakatau (1883), and Agung (1963), their Stratospheric Aerosols, and Climatic Impact". Quaternary Research. 18 (2): 127–143. Bibcode:1982QuRes..18..127R. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(82)90065-5. S2CID 140863715 – via Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Rampino, M R; Self, S; Stothers, R B (12 May 1988). "Volcanic Winters". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 16 (1): 73–99. Bibcode:1988AREPS..16...73R. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.16.050188.000445.
- ^ Robert Roy Britt (8 March 2005). "Super Volcano Will Challenge Civilization, Geologists Warn". livescience.com.
- ^ Thordarson, Th; Self, S. (1 May 1993). "The Laki (Skaftár Fires) and Grímsvötn eruptions in 1783–1785". Bulletin of Volcanology. 55 (4): 233–263. Bibcode:1993BVol...55..233T. doi:10.1007/BF00624353. S2CID 128734995 – via Springer Link.
- ^ Self, S.; Keszthelyi, L.; Thordarson, Th. (12 May 1998). "THE IMPORTANCE OF PĀHOEHOE". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 26 (1): 81–110. Bibcode:1998AREPS..26...81S. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.81.
- ^ O'Hanlon, Larry (2007). "News in Science - Did mega-volcanoes kill the dinosaurs? - 29/10/2007". www.abc.net.au.
- ^ Cas, Ray A.F. (11 January 2022). "The centenary of IAVCEI 1919–2019 and beyond: origins and evolution of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior". Bulletin of Volcanology. 84 (2): 15. Bibcode:2022BVol...84...15C. doi:10.1007/s00445-021-01509-5. PMC 8748530. PMID 35035015 – via Springer Link.
- ^ "AGU Announces 2012 Fellows". AGU Newsroom.