The Stafford and Lovell rebellion was the first armed uprising against King Henry VII after he won the crown at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. The uprising was led by Francis Lovell, Viscount Lovell, along with Sir Humphrey Stafford and Thomas Stafford, brothers from Grafton, Worcestershire. The uprising occurred during Eastertime 1486.[1]
| Stafford and Lovell rebellion | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Wars of the Roses | |||||||
 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| House of Tudor (Lancastrian) | House of York | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Henry VII Duke of Bedford Sir Richard Edgcumbe Sir John Savage |
Viscount Lovell Sir Humphrey Stafford Thomas Stafford | ||||||
Rebellion
editAfter the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, Francis Lord Lovell and Humphrey Stafford sought sanctuary at Colchester Abbey. The conspirators hoped to restore the Yorkist monarchy.
Henry VII used spies to monitor the activities of known Yorkist supporters. Sometime in April 1486, King Henry learned that Lovell and Humphrey Stafford had escaped and were planning a rebellion. Sir Richard Edgcumbe and Sir William Tyler were appointed by the King to apprehend Lovell. With the failure of the plot, Lovell first joined fellow rebels at Furness Falls and later fled to Margaret of York in Flanders.[2] In the meantime, the Stafford brothers had risen in rebellion in Worcester, despite the fact that King Henry had mass support in that area.
During this time, Henry was in York on a nationwide tour of the country. As soon as he advanced towards Worcester in order to eliminate Yorkist support, on 11 May 1486, the Stafford brothers again fled to sanctuary, this time at Culham in the church belonging to Abingdon Abbey.[3][4]
Conclusion of the rebellion and its consequences
editKing Henry had the Staffords forcibly removed from the abbey on the night of 14 May by 60 armed men led by his knight Sir John Savage, who had commanded the left flank of his army at the Battle of Bosworth.[5] When the abbot found out about what had happened, he sent a written complaint to the authorities about what he saw as an outrageous infringement of his abbey's ancient privileges as a place of sanctuary.[5] However, the two men were tried before the Court of King's Bench, where the justices ruled that sanctuary was not applicable in cases of treason.[6] Henry then ordered the execution of Sir Humphrey Stafford of Grafton but pardoned the younger Thomas Stafford.
The arrest prompted a series of protests against Pope Innocent VIII over the breaking of sanctuary; these resulted in a papal bull in August which agreed to some modifications affecting the privilege.[7]
Sir John Conyers, who was suspected of being involved in the revolt, was stripped of his stewardship of Middleham and had a £2,000 bond imposed. The Abbot of Abingdon, who had organised sanctuary for the Stafford brothers, was given a 3000-mark bond of allegiance.[8]
Henry had no wish to alienate Viscount Lovell and his family. On 5 July 1486, he was appointed a justice of oyer and terminer. Lovell would later return to England and again take up arms against the king, fighting what is considered to be the final battle of the Wars of the Roses when Yorkist and Lancastrian forces met at the Battle of Stoke Field on 16 June 1487. Sir John Savage was also again present on the day, as one of the main cavalry commanders of King Henry's forces. The battle was a decisive victory for Henry, with almost all the leading Yorkists killed, and never again would a battle be fought along Yorkist and Lancastrian lines. Lovell survived the defeat but then disappeared shortly after his escape, and was never seen again.
Footnotes
edit- ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 119; Horrox 2004.
- ^ Williams, J. (1990). "The Political Career of Francis Viscount Lovell. 1456-?'". The Ricardian. 8: 393–94.
- ^ Williams 1928, p. 186
- ^ Stanley Bertram Chrimes (1972). Henry VII. Berkeley: Univ of California Press. p. 71. ISBN 0-520-02266-1.
- ^ a b Seward, D. "Easter 1486: Lord Lovell and the Stafford Brothers". The Last White Rose: The Secret Wars of the Tudors. p. 4.
- ^ Wagner, John A. (2001). "Lovell-Stafford Uprising (1486)". Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses. ABC-CLIO. p. 152. ISBN 9781851093588.
- ^ Weber, Nicholas (1910). "Pope Innocent VIII.". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ^ Breverton, Terry (15 October 2013). Richard III: The King in the Car Park. Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-4456-2111-1.
References
edit- Horrox, Rosemary (2004). "Lovell, Francis, Viscount Lovell (b. c.1457, d. in or after 1488)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17058. Retrieved 21 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
- Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ISBN 1449966373 - Williams, C.H. (April 1928). "The Rebellion of Humphrey Stafford in 1486". English Historical Review. 43 (170). Oxford University Press: 181–9. doi:10.1093/ehr/xliii.clxx.181. JSTOR 552001.