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The M-68 was a 155 mm L33 caliber towed gun howitzer manufactured by Soltam Systems of Israel, and used by the Israeli Defense Force.
| Soltam M-68 | |
|---|---|
 Retired M-68 howitzer of the Singapore Army | |
| Type | Howitzer |
| Place of origin | Israel |
| Service history | |
| Used by | See users |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Soltam Systems |
| Designed | 1968 |
| Manufacturer | Soltam |
| Produced | 1970[1] |
| Variants | Soltam M-71 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 9,500 kg (20,900 lb) |
| Length | Traveling: 7.5 m (24 ft 7 in)[2] |
| Barrel length | 5.115 m (16 ft 9 in) L/33 |
| Width | Traveling: 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in)[2] |
| Height | Traveling: 2 m (6 ft 7 in)[2] |
| Crew | 8 |
| Shell | Separate loading charge and projectile[2] |
| Caliber | 155 mm (6.1 in) NATO |
| Breech | Horizontal sliding[2] |
| Recoil | Hydro-pneumatic[2] |
| Carriage | Split trail |
| Elevation | -5°/75° |
| Traverse | ±20° from centerline |
| Rate of fire | 4-5 rpm[2] |
| Muzzle velocity | 253–725 m/s (830–2,380 ft/s) depending on charge[2] |
| Maximum firing range | 21.0 km (13.0 mi) |
Design
editThe M-68 is based on the Finnish designed 122 K 60 and 155 K 68 cannon series, first developed in the mid-1960s by the company Tampella Oy. Twelve Finnish cannons were built between 1970 and 1975, with more guns later built of later designs. These Tampella guns formed the basis for Soltam's production of the M-68 and later "Tampella series" guns. Before the 155 K 68 (Tampella), the 155HX prototype was shipped to Soltam for trials.[3]
The first prototype was completed in 1968 for trials and evaluations by the Israeli Defense Force (IDF), who were satisfied with the performance of the howitzer. Subsequently, an order was placed with Soltam and a production line was initiated in 1970. The gun entered IDF service in time to serve IDF artillery corps during the Yom Kippur War of 1973.[citation needed]
In addition to Israel, the M-68 has also been exported to Singapore and Thailand.[1]
Description
editThe barrel of the M-68 was fitted with a simple muzzle brake while the recoil mechanism with its two pneumatic cylinder jacks are positioned on the back-end of the barrel.
The gun mount chassis, breech and recoil system were to see further use in the next development of this gun — the Soltam M-71, which has a slightly longer barrel (39 calibers versus 33 calibers of the M-68) and a compressed air-driven rammer to ease loading.
Variants
edit
In the mid-1970s, the Israeli Defense Forces engineered an improvised self-propelled gun known as the Ro'em / L-33 to complement the towed M-68. It mated an M-68 to a large, enclosed, turret atop the chassis and drive train of an M4 Sherman tank.
Operators
edit
Chile: 36 howitzers acquired by the Chilean Army in the late 1970s. Later upgraded to Soltam M-71 standard.[4]
Israel[1]
Singapore: 48[5]
Thailand: 44[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Kinard, Jeff (28 March 2007). Artillery: An Illustrated History of Its Impact (2007 ed.). ABC-CLIO Publishers. pp. 301–302. ISBN 978-1-85109-561-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Foss, Christopher (1977). Jane's pocket book of towed artillery. New York: Collier. p. 125. ISBN 0020806000. OCLC 911907988.
- ^ Vesa Toivonen. From Tampella to Patria. Karisto 2003 pp. 145-149 ISBN 952-5026-26-4
- ^ Ciranno Maureira, Antonio (2007). "La artillería de campaña en Chile". Tecnología militar (in Spanish) (2): 48–50.48-50&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Ciranno Maureira&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Soltam M-68" class="Z3988">
- ^ a b "Trade Registers". Armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2014-11-20.