Serum response factor, also known as SRF, is a transcription factor protein.[5]

SRF
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesSRF, MCM1, serum response factor
External IDsOMIM: 600589; MGI: 106658; HomoloGene: 31135; GeneCards: SRF; OMA:SRF - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_003131
NM_001292001

NM_020493

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001278930
NP_003122
NP_003122.1

NP_065239

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 43.17 – 43.18 MbChr 17: 46.86 – 46.87 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

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Serum response factor is a member of the MADS (MCM1, Agamous, Deficiens, and SRF) box superfamily of transcription factors.[6] This protein binds to the serum response element (SRE) in the promoter region of target genes. This protein regulates the activity of many immediate early genes, for example c-fos, and thereby participates in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell growth, and cell differentiation. This gene is the downstream target of many pathways; for example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) that acts through the ternary complex factors (TCFs).[7][8]

SRF is important during the development of the embryo, as it has been linked to the formation of mesoderm.[9][10] In the fully developed mammal, SRF is crucial for the growth of skeletal muscle.[11] Interaction of SRF with other proteins, such as steroid hormone receptors, may contribute to regulation of muscle growth by steroids.[12] Interaction of SRF with other proteins such as myocardin or Elk-1 may enhance or suppress expression of genes important for growth of vascular smooth muscle.

Clinical significance

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Lack of skin SRF is associated with psoriasis and other skin diseases.[13]

Interactions

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Serum response factor has been shown to interact with:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000112658Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000015605Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Norman C, Runswick M, Pollock R, Treisman R (December 1988). "Isolation and properties of cDNA clones encoding SRF, a transcription factor that binds to the c-fos serum response element". Cell. 55 (6): 989–1003. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90244-9. PMID 3203386. S2CID 20004673.989-1003&rft.date=1988-12&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20004673#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/3203386&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/0092-8674(88)90244-9&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Runswick, M&rft.au=Pollock, R&rft.au=Treisman, R&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  6. ^ Shore P, Sharrocks AD (April 1995). "The MADS-box family of transcription factors". Eur. J. Biochem. 229 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.0001l.x. PMID 7744019.1-13&rft.date=1995-04&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.0001l.x&rft_id=info:pmid/7744019&rft.aulast=Shore&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Sharrocks, AD&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  7. ^ Dalton S, Marais R, Wynne J, Treisman R (June 1993). "Isolation and characterization of SRF accessory proteins". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 340 (1293): 325–32. Bibcode:1993RSPTB.340..325D. doi:10.1098/rstb.1993.0074. PMID 8103935.325-32&rft.date=1993-06&rft_id=info:pmid/8103935&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098/rstb.1993.0074&rft_id=info:bibcode/1993RSPTB.340..325D&rft.aulast=Dalton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Marais, R&rft.au=Wynne, J&rft.au=Treisman, R&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  8. ^ "SRF serum response factor". Entrez Gene. National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health.
  9. ^ Sepulveda JL, Vlahopoulos S, Iyer D, Belaguli N, Schwartz RJ (July 2002). "Combinatorial expression of GATA4, Nkx2-5, and serum response factor directs early cardiac gene activity". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (28): 25775–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203122200. PMID 11983708.25775-82&rft.date=2002-07&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074/jbc.M203122200&rft_id=info:pmid/11983708&rft.aulast=Sepulveda&rft.aufirst=JL&rft.au=Vlahopoulos, S&rft.au=Iyer, D&rft.au=Belaguli, N&rft.au=Schwartz, RJ&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M203122200&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  10. ^ Barron MR, Belaguli NS, Zhang SX, Trinh M, Iyer D, Merlo X, Lough JW, Parmacek MS, Bruneau BG, Schwartz RJ (March 2005). "Serum response factor, an enriched cardiac mesoderm obligatory factor, is a downstream gene target for Tbx genes". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (12): 11816–28. doi:10.1074/jbc.M412408200. PMID 15591049.11816-28&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074/jbc.M412408200&rft_id=info:pmid/15591049&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=MR&rft.au=Belaguli, NS&rft.au=Zhang, SX&rft.au=Trinh, M&rft.au=Iyer, D&rft.au=Merlo, X&rft.au=Lough, JW&rft.au=Parmacek, MS&rft.au=Bruneau, BG&rft.au=Schwartz, RJ&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M412408200&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  11. ^ Li S, Czubryt MP, McAnally J, Bassel-Duby R, Richardson JA, Wiebel FF, Nordheim A, Olson EN (January 2005). "Requirement for serum response factor for skeletal muscle growth and maturation revealed by tissue-specific gene deletion in mice". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (4): 1082–7. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.1082L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409103102. PMC 545866. PMID 15647354.1082-7&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC545866#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/15647354&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073/pnas.0409103102&rft_id=info:bibcode/2005PNAS..102.1082L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Czubryt, MP&rft.au=McAnally, J&rft.au=Bassel-Duby, R&rft.au=Richardson, JA&rft.au=Wiebel, FF&rft.au=Nordheim, A&rft.au=Olson, EN&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC545866&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  12. ^ Vlahopoulos S, Zimmer WE, Jenster G, Belaguli NS, Balk SP, Brinkmann AO, Lanz RB, Zoumpourlis VC, Schwartz RJ (March 2005). "Recruitment of the androgen receptor via serum response factor facilitates expression of a myogenic gene". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (9): 7786–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M413992200. PMID 15623502.7786-92&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074/jbc.M413992200&rft_id=info:pmid/15623502&rft.aulast=Vlahopoulos&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Zimmer, WE&rft.au=Jenster, G&rft.au=Belaguli, NS&rft.au=Balk, SP&rft.au=Brinkmann, AO&rft.au=Lanz, RB&rft.au=Zoumpourlis, VC&rft.au=Schwartz, RJ&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M413992200&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  13. ^ Koegel H, von Tobel L, Schäfer M, Alberti S, Kremmer E, Mauch C, Hohl D, Wang XJ, Beer HD, Bloch W, Nordheim A, Werner S (April 2009). "Loss of serum response factor in keratinocytes results in hyperproliferative skin disease in mice". J. Clin. Invest. 119 (4): 899–910. doi:10.1172/JCI37771. PMC 2662566. PMID 19307725.899-910&rft.date=2009-04&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2662566#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/19307725&rft_id=info:doi/10.1172/JCI37771&rft.aulast=Koegel&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=von Tobel, L&rft.au=Schäfer, M&rft.au=Alberti, S&rft.au=Kremmer, E&rft.au=Mauch, C&rft.au=Hohl, D&rft.au=Wang, XJ&rft.au=Beer, HD&rft.au=Bloch, W&rft.au=Nordheim, A&rft.au=Werner, S&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2662566&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  14. ^ Jung DJ, Sung HS, Goo YW, Lee HM, Park OK, Jung SY, Lim J, Kim HJ, Lee SK, Kim TS, Lee JW, Lee YC (July 2002). "Novel transcription coactivator complex containing activating signal cointegrator 1". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (14): 5203–11. doi:10.1128/mcb.22.14.5203-5211.2002. PMC 139772. PMID 12077347.5203-11&rft.date=2002-07&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139772#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/12077347&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128/mcb.22.14.5203-5211.2002&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Sung, HS&rft.au=Goo, YW&rft.au=Lee, HM&rft.au=Park, OK&rft.au=Jung, SY&rft.au=Lim, J&rft.au=Kim, HJ&rft.au=Lee, SK&rft.au=Kim, TS&rft.au=Lee, JW&rft.au=Lee, YC&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139772&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  15. ^ a b Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (September 1997). "Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (9): 4957–66. doi:10.1128/MCB.17.9.4957. PMC 232347. PMID 9271374.4957-66&rft.date=1997-09&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC232347#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/9271374&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128/MCB.17.9.4957&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Johansen, FE&rft.au=Prywes, R&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC232347&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  16. ^ Hanlon M, Sealy L (May 1999). "Ras regulates the association of serum response factor and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (20): 14224–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.20.14224. PMID 10318842.14224-8&rft.date=1999-05&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074/jbc.274.20.14224&rft_id=info:pmid/10318842&rft.aulast=Hanlon&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Sealy, L&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.274.20.14224&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  17. ^ Sealy L, Malone D, Pawlak M (March 1997). "Regulation of the cfos serum response element by C/EBPbeta". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (3): 1744–55. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.3.1744. PMC 231899. PMID 9032301.1744-55&rft.date=1997-03&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC231899#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/9032301&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128/mcb.17.3.1744&rft.aulast=Sealy&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Malone, D&rft.au=Pawlak, M&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC231899&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  18. ^ a b Matsuzaki K, Minami T, Tojo M, Honda Y, Saitoh N, Nagahiro S, Saya H, Nakao M (March 2003). "PML-nuclear bodies are involved in cellular serum response". Genes Cells. 8 (3): 275–86. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2003.00632.x. PMID 12622724. S2CID 9697837.275-86&rft.date=2003-03&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9697837#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/12622724&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046/j.1365-2443.2003.00632.x&rft.aulast=Matsuzaki&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Minami, T&rft.au=Tojo, M&rft.au=Honda, Y&rft.au=Saitoh, N&rft.au=Nagahiro, S&rft.au=Saya, H&rft.au=Nakao, M&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2443.2003.00632.x&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  19. ^ Hassler M, Richmond TJ (June 2001). "The B-box dominates SAP-1-SRF interactions in the structure of the ternary complex". EMBO J. 20 (12): 3018–28. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.12.3018. PMC 150215. PMID 11406578.3018-28&rft.date=2001-06&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC150215#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/11406578&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/emboj/20.12.3018&rft.aulast=Hassler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Richmond, TJ&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC150215&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  20. ^ Belaguli NS, Sepulveda JL, Nigam V, Charron F, Nemer M, Schwartz RJ (October 2000). "Cardiac tissue enriched factors serum response factor and GATA-4 are mutual coregulators". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (20): 7550–8. doi:10.1128/mcb.20.20.7550-7558.2000. PMC 86307. PMID 11003651.7550-8&rft.date=2000-10&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86307#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/11003651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128/mcb.20.20.7550-7558.2000&rft.aulast=Belaguli&rft.aufirst=NS&rft.au=Sepulveda, JL&rft.au=Nigam, V&rft.au=Charron, F&rft.au=Nemer, M&rft.au=Schwartz, RJ&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86307&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  21. ^ Morin S, Paradis P, Aries A, Nemer M (February 2001). "Serum response factor-GATA ternary complex required for nuclear signaling by a G-protein-coupled receptor". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (4): 1036–44. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.4.1036-1044.2001. PMC 99558. PMID 11158291.1036-44&rft.date=2001-02&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC99558#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/11158291&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128/MCB.21.4.1036-1044.2001&rft.aulast=Morin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Paradis, P&rft.au=Aries, A&rft.au=Nemer, M&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC99558&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  22. ^ Joliot V, Demma M, Prywes R (February 1995). "Interaction with RAP74 subunit of TFIIF is required for transcriptional activation by serum response factor". Nature. 373 (6515): 632–5. Bibcode:1995Natur.373..632J. doi:10.1038/373632a0. PMID 7854423. S2CID 47196160.632-5&rft.date=1995-02&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/373632a0&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:47196160#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/7854423&rft_id=info:bibcode/1995Natur.373..632J&rft.aulast=Joliot&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Demma, M&rft.au=Prywes, R&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  23. ^ Zhu H, Joliot V, Prywes R (February 1994). "Role of transcription factor TFIIF in serum response factor-activated transcription". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (5): 3489–97. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41889-8. PMID 8106390.3489-97&rft.date=1994-02&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41889-8&rft_id=info:pmid/8106390&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Joliot, V&rft.au=Prywes, R&rft_id=https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2817%2941889-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
  24. ^ Grueneberg DA, Henry RW, Brauer A, Novina CD, Cheriyath V, Roy AL, Gilman M (October 1997). "A multifunctional DNA-binding protein that promotes the formation of serum response factor/homeodomain complexes: identity to TFII-I". Genes Dev. 11 (19): 2482–93. doi:10.1101/gad.11.19.2482. PMC 316568. PMID 9334314.2482-93&rft.date=1997-10&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC316568#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/9334314&rft_id=info:doi/10.1101/gad.11.19.2482&rft.aulast=Grueneberg&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.au=Henry, RW&rft.au=Brauer, A&rft.au=Novina, CD&rft.au=Cheriyath, V&rft.au=Roy, AL&rft.au=Gilman, M&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC316568&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Serum response factor" class="Z3988">
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Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine ([1]), which is in the public domain.