Sarapul (Udmurt and Russian: Сара́пул) is a city and a river port in the Udmurt Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River, 66 kilometers (41 mi) southeast of Izhevsk, the capital of the republic. Population: 101,381 (2010 Census);[3] 103,141 (2002 Census);[7] 110,381 (1989 Soviet census).[8]
Sarapul
Сарапул | |
|---|---|
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Udmurt | Сарапул |
 Sedelnikova Street in Sarapul | |
 Flag _(1781).svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Sarapul  | |
  Sarapul Location of Sarapul  Sarapul Sarapul (Udmurt Republic) | |
| Coordinates: 56°28′N 53°48′E / 56.467°N 53.800°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Udmurtia[1] |
| First mentioned | 1596 |
| City status since | 1780[2] |
| Elevation | 80 m (260 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 101,381 |
| • Rank | 161st in 2010 |
| • Subordinated to | city of republic significance of Sarapul[1] |
| • Capital of | city of republic significance of Sarapul[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Sarapul Urban Okrug[4] |
| • Capital of | Sarapul Urban Okrug[4] |
| Time zone | UTC 4 (MSK 1  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 427960–427962, 427964–427968, 427970–427972, 427974, 427979 |
| Dialing code(s) | 7 34147 |
| OKTMO ID | 94740000001 |
History
editSarapul is one of the oldest cities of the Kama region. It was first mentioned in a 1596 population audit book as the village (selo) of Voznesenskoye (Russian: Вознесе́нское, 'Ascension' [of Christ]), later known as Sarapul:[citation needed] "in Kazansky Uyezd in the upper Kama River ... in Sarapul and Siva people fish". Apparently, here Sarapul is the name of a section of the river, as well as the entire area along its shores. It is believed that the name of this area comes from the word сарапуль (sarapul) which in Chuvash means 'yellow fish', or sturgeon, which was in abundance here. Later, however, other versions of the origin of the name were considered. In particular, one of them says that the word sarapul formed by the merger of two words: sarah, which in one of the Siberian dialects means 'money', and pul, a small copper coin, thus meaning 'place of money'.
It was chartered in 1780[2] and by the end of the 18th century had grown into a merchant town with developed footwear manufacturing industry.
The city of Sarapul was one of the residence centers of the Udmurt Jews,[9][10] who spoke Udmurtish Yiddish.[9] In the lexicon of this dialect there was a noticeable number of Udmurt and Tatar loan words.[11][12]
Geography
editClimate
edit| Climate data for Sarapul (1991-2020, extremes 1923-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 4.3 (39.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
30.0 (86.0) |
35.3 (95.5) |
36.9 (98.4) |
37.0 (98.6) |
38.6 (101.5) |
31.9 (89.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
4.5 (40.1) |
38.6 (101.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −8.4 (16.9) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
19.6 (67.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
16.5 (61.7) |
7.8 (46.0) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
8.5 (47.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −11.8 (10.8) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
4.7 (40.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
3.9 (39.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −15.2 (4.6) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
0.4 (32.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.3 (57.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−0.2 (31.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −47.4 (−53.3) |
−42.7 (−44.9) |
−30.9 (−23.6) |
−21.4 (−6.5) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
3.1 (37.6) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−20.9 (−5.6) |
−32.3 (−26.1) |
−48.3 (−54.9) |
−48.3 (−54.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43 (1.7) |
32 (1.3) |
34 (1.3) |
29 (1.1) |
47 (1.9) |
63 (2.5) |
65 (2.6) |
68 (2.7) |
49 (1.9) |
56 (2.2) |
47 (1.9) |
42 (1.7) |
575 (22.8) |
| Average precipitation days | 18.8 | 14.3 | 13.3 | 10.3 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 13.0 | 15.9 | 16.8 | 18.2 | 168.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 47 | 92 | 155 | 221 | 285 | 308 | 316 | 254 | 154 | 79 | 44 | 36 | 1,991 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[13] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: climatebase.ru (precipitation days, sun 1923-2012)[14] | |||||||||||||
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the city of republic significance of Sarapul—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Sarapul is incorporated as Sarapul Urban Okrug.[4]
Economy
editCurrently, Sarapul is the second most important industrial town in the republic after Izhevsk.
Honors
editThe asteroid 26851 Sarapul was named by astronomer Eric Elst in the city's honor on June 1, 2007.[15]
Notable people
edit- Ruslan Avleev, basketball player
- Zulya Kamalova, singer
- Yevgeny Kychanov, historian
- Peter Palchinsky, engineer
- Vladimir Sarayev, football player
- Oleg Zhakov, actor
References
edit
Notes
edit- ^ a b c d Law #46-RZ
- ^ a b "Sarapul" in The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 10, p. 447.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c Law #76-RZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b Altyntsev A.V., "The Concept of Love in Ashkenazim of Udmurtia and Tatarstan", Nauka Udmurtii. 2013. № 4 (66), p. 131. (Алтынцев А.В., "Чувство любви в понимании евреев-ашкенази Удмуртии и Татарстана". Наука Удмуртии. 2013. №4. С. 131: Комментарии.) (in Russian)
- ^ Пюрияйнен Д.М., "Население уездного города Сарапула во второй половине XIX - начале XX в.: социокультурный аспект" : автореф. дис. на соиск. учен. степ. канд. ист. наук. Ижевск, 2009. С. 18. (in Russian)
- ^ Goldberg-Altyntsev A.V., "A short ethnographic overview of the Ashkenazic Jews' group in Alnashsky District of Udmurt Republic". Die Sammlung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten der jungen jüdischen Wissenschaftler. Herausgegeben von Artur Katz, Yumi Matsuda und Alexander Grinberg. München, Dachau, 2015. S. 51.
- ^ Гольдберг-Алтынцев А.В., "Краткий этнографический обзор группы ашкеназских евреев в Алнашском районе Удмуртской Республики / пер. с англ. яз. А.Й. Каца." Jewish studies in the Udmurt Republic: Online. Part 1. Edited by A. Greenberg. February 27, 2015 published. P. 3. (in Russian)
- ^ "Климат Ачинска - Погода и климат".
- ^ "Sarapul, Russia". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
- ^ NASA
Sources
edit- Государственный Совет Удмуртской Республики. Закон №46-РЗ от 19 октября 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Удмуртской Республики», в ред. Закона №60-РЗ от 12 октября 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Удмуртской Республики». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Известия Удмуртской Республики", №185, 12 декабря 2006 г. (State Council of the Udmurt Republic. Law #46-RZ of October 19, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Udmurt Republic, as amended by the Law #60-RZ of October 12, 2012 On Amending Various Laws of the Udmurt Republic. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
- Государственный Совет Удмуртской Республики. Закон №76-РЗ от 30 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границы муниципального образования и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования на территории города Сарапула Удмуртской Республики». Вступил в силу с 1 января 2005 г.. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства Удмуртской Республики", №5, 25 июля 2005 г. (State Council of the Udmurt Republic. Law #76-RZ of November 30, 2004 On Establishing the Border of the Municipal Formation and on Granting Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation on the Territory of the City of Sarapul of the Udmurt Republic. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
- This article incorporates material from the Russian Wikipedia
External links
edit- Website of Sarapul (in Russian)
- Website Sarapul production of metal products (in Russian)