Samuel Spencer (March 20, 1847 – November 29, 1906) was an American civil engineer, businessman, and railroad executive. With an education interrupted by service in the Confederate cavalry late in the American Civil War, he completed his education at the University of Georgia and the University of Virginia.
Samuel Spencer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | March 20, 1847 Columbus, Georgia, U.S. |
| Died | November 29, 1906 (aged 59) Virginia, U.S. |
| Burial place | Oak Hill Cemetery Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Georgia University of Virginia |
| Occupation | president of Southern Railway |
| Spouse | Louise Benning |
Spencer spent his career with railroads, rising through the ranks during the busy growth years of American railroading in the late 19th century. He eventually became president of six railroads, and was a director of at least ten railroads and several banks and other companies.
Although his career was cut short when he was killed in a train wreck in Virginia in 1906, Samuel Spencer is best remembered as the Father of the Southern Railway System. Spencer, North Carolina, site of the North Carolina Transportation Museum, was named in his honor.
Early life
editSamuel Spencer was born on March 20, 1847, in Columbus, Georgia, to Vernie Mitchel and Lambert Spencer. He attended the school of John Isham in Columbus.[1]
At the age of 16, Spencer enlisted in the Confederate States Army. He served two years as a member of Nelson Rangers. Following the Civil War, he attended the University of Georgia and graduated with first honors in 1868. He then studied engineering at the University of Virginia.[1]
Career
editAfter graduating, Spencer worked as a civil engineer with Mr. Sharpe to build a road from Opelika, Alabama, to Goodwater, Alabama. Spencer followed Sharpe to Long Branch, New Jersey, to survey a road as his assistant superintendent. He then followed Sharpe to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and then became superintendent of the Old Virginia Midland Railroad.[1]
In 1869, he began working with railroads as a surveyor, and rose through the ranks, learning many aspects of railroad management. He became superintendent of the Long Island Rail Road in 1878[2][3] and was president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad during 1887–1888, following Robert Garrett.[1][4]
In 1889, Spencer left the presidency of the Baltimore and Ohio to become a railroad expert working for financier J.P. Morgan of Drexel, Morgan and Company. According to the New York Times, "It was said of him that there was no man in the country so thoroughly well posted on every detail of a railroad from the cost of a car brake to the estimate for a new terminal."[5]
When the bankrupt Richmond and Danville Railroad (R&D) was acquired by Drexel, Morgan and Company in 1894, the new Southern Railway was formed by the financiers from a consolidation of the R&D and the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad.
Tapped to lead the new railroad for Morgan, Spencer became its first president.[1] Under his leadership, the mileage of the Southern Railway doubled, the number of passengers served annually increased to nearly 12 million, and annual earnings increased from $17 million to $54 million. After his death, the Southern grew to become one of the strongest and most profitable in the United States, merging with the also strong and profitable Norfolk and Western Railway in the 1980s to form Norfolk Southern, a Fortune 500 company.
Personal life
editSpencer married Louise Benning, daughter of General Henry L. Benning. They had at least three children, Henry Benning, Vivan and Mrs. James Lane.[1] He had homes in New York City and Washington, D.C.[1]
Spencer's career was cut short when he was killed at the age of 59 in a train collision in Virginia before dawn on Thanksgiving morning, November 29, 1906. The Spencer party were in his private car, at the rear of the train, en route to his hunting lodge near Friendship, NC.[6] When the coupling failed on the lead car, the train was left stalled on the track. A following train ran into the stranded cars in the pre-dawn darkness, crushing the Spencer car, killing Spencer & all but one of its occupants.
.jpg)
Spencer was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery.[7]
Legacy
edit
Spencer is credited with leading the Southern Railway and the South during a period of unprecedented growth. After his untimely death, 30,000 Southern Railway employees contributed to pay for a statue of him by sculptor Daniel Chester French, which was dedicated in 1910 and stood for many years at Atlanta's Terminal Station. Following the station's demolition in 1970, the statue was moved multiple times, first to Peachtree station, then in 1996 to Hardy Ivy Park, and finally to its current resting place in front of the Norfolk Southern building at the intersection of Peachtree Street and 15th Street in Midtown Atlanta.[8]
Spencer was also a member of the Jekyll Island Club, which operated as an exclusive millionaire's retreat from 1888 to 1942. Spencer's former apartment in the Clubhouse Annex is said to be haunted by his ghost.
The Southern Railway's Spencer Shops and the town of Spencer, North Carolina were named in his honor. In 1977, the closed Spencer Shops formed the basis of the new North Carolina Transportation Museum.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g "Sketch of Samuel Spencer". The Charlotte Observer. November 30, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved May 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "PRR Chronology: 1878" (PDF). p. 46. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
- ^ Patterson, John. "The History of the Railroad and Spencer". North Carolina Transportation Museum. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
- ^ Stover, John F. (1987). History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. p. 163. ISBN 0-911198-81-4.
- ^ "PRESIDENT SPENCER UPBUILDER OF SOUTH; Railroad and Other Industries Suffer a Great Loss. HIS DISTINGUISHED CAREER Qualified as a Railroad Expert by Beginning at the Foot of the Ladder and Working Up". New York Times. November 30, 1906. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
- ^ "SAMUEL SPENCER KILLED IN WRECK; Head of Southern Railway and Guests Crushed. GEN. SCHUYLER A VICTIM Eight Dead; Ten Injured, Near Lynchburg. GHOULS ROB THE DEAD Bodies of Charles D. Fisher and F.T. Redwood of Baltimore Burned with the Others in the Wreckage". New York Times. November 30, 1906. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
- ^ "Oak Hill Cemetery, Georgetown, D.C. (Montrose) - Lot 970 1/2" (PDF). oakhillcemeterydc.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 2, 2022. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
- ^ DeFeo, Todd (July 25, 2016). "Five interesting statues to see in Georgia". Sightseers' Delight. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
Further reading
edit- Galloway, Duane; Galloway, Jim; Wrinn, Jim (1996). Southern Railway's Spencer Shops 1896-1996. TLC Publishing. ISBN 9781883089238.
External links
edit
- Southern Railway Historical Society
- Southern Railway Historical Association covers Southern Railway history
- Virginia Museum of Transportation located in Roanoke, VA
- Southern Railway Yahoo Group a Yahoo group for former employees, railfans and modelers of the Southern Railway
- Norfolk Southern Yahoo Group a Yahoo group for current happenings of Norfolk Southern Railway