Salinas is a lake event in the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia.
The existence of this lake event is documented by tufa mounds which are up to 7 metres (23 ft) high.[1] It belongs to a series of ancient lakes which covered the southern Altiplano in Bolivia, reaching a maximum surface area of 33,000–60,000 square kilometres (13,000–23,000 sq mi). This series includes several phases, two major phases named Lake Tauca and Ouki as well as a few minor ones. These lake phases appear to occur in response to increased moisture supply from the Amazon.[2] The formation of the Salinas lake was probably accompanied by a 50-100% increase of precipitation.[3]
The Salinas event lasted between approximately 95,000 and 80,000 years ago. It was preceded by another lake event, Ouki. Alternatively, it may be part of the Ouki event, more specifically of its waning stage.[1] The Ouki and Salinas lake cycles coincided with cooling events in the North Atlantic,[4] glacier expansions in the Puna[5] and possibly the Cordillera Blanca,[6] and with changes to alluvial fans at Llano de Chajnantor.[7]
During the Salinas lake cycle, lake levels did not rise above 3,670 metres (12,040 ft) altitude,[1] but overall lake levels were variable.[8] Overall the lake covered a surface area of 21,000 square kilometres (8,100 sq mi) if the Poopo basin is included, or 20,500 square kilometres (7,900 sq mi) if not.[9] The hydrology of the Salinas event includes water flow from the Lake Poopo into the Salar de Coipasa/Salar de Uyuni basin, as in the previous Ouki phase.[10] This input probably did not exceed 45% of the total water supply of the Salinas lake.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b c Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2006, p. 523.
- ^ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2006, p. 515.
- ^ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2013, p. 104.
- ^ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2013, p. 106.
- ^ Luna, Lisa V.; Bookhagen, Bodo; Niedermann, Samuel; Rugel, Georg; Scharf, Andreas; Merchel, Silke (October 2018). "Glacial chronology and production rate cross-calibration of five cosmogenic nuclide and mineral systems from the southern Central Andean Plateau". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 500: 249. Bibcode:2018E&PSL.500..242L. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.034. ISSN 0012-821X. S2CID 134780354.
- ^ Concha, R.; Úbeda, J.; Iparraguirre, J.; Granados, H.; Vásquez, C.; Estibene, P.; Gomez, W. (November 2022). El registro geomorfológico glaciar de los cambios climáticos en la Cordillera Blanca. Las montañas, nuestro futuro: Simposio Internacional (in Spanish). Arequipa.
- ^ Cesta, Jason M.; Ward, Dylan J. (November 2016). "Timing and nature of alluvial fan development along the Chajnantor Plateau, northern Chile". Geomorphology. 273: 424. Bibcode:2016Geomo.273..412C. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.09.003. ISSN 0169-555X.
- ^ Sánchez-Saldías, Andrea; Fariña, Richard A. (March 2014). "Palaeogeographic reconstruction of Minchin palaeolake system, South America: The influence of astronomical forcing". Geoscience Frontiers. 5 (2): 258. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2013.06.004.
- ^ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2013, p. 103.
- ^ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2011, p. 233.
- ^ Placzek, Quade & Patchett 2011, p. 239.
Sources
edit- Placzek, C.; Quade, J.; Patchett, P. J. (8 May 2006). "Geochronology and stratigraphy of late Pleistocene lake cycles on the southern Bolivian Altiplano: Implications for causes of tropical climate change". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 118 (5–6): 515–532. Bibcode:2006GSAB..118..515P. doi:10.1130/B25770.1.
- Placzek, Christa J.; Quade, Jay; Patchett, P. Jonathan (January 2011). "Isotopic tracers of paleohydrologic change in large lakes of the Bolivian Altiplano" (PDF). Quaternary Research. 75 (1): 231–244. Bibcode:2011QuRes..75..231P. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2010.08.004. S2CID 54069269.
- Placzek, C.J.; Quade, J.; Patchett, P.J. (February 2013). "A 130ka reconstruction of rainfall on the Bolivian Altiplano". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 363: 97–108. Bibcode:2013E&PSL.363...97P. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.017.