Rudbar (Persian: رودبار)[a] is a city in the Central District of Rudbar County, Gilan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]
Rudbar
Persian: رودبار | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
  Rudbar | |
| Coordinates: 36°49′15″N 49°25′36″E / 36.82083°N 49.42667°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Gilan |
| County | Rudbar |
| District | Central |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 10,504 |
| Time zone | UTC 3:30 (IRST) |
| Area code | 98(013) |
Etymology
editIts name (meaning "by the river" in Persian) is a reference to the river named Sepid Rood (Sepid Roud) that passes by the city. Rudbar is also called "Roodbar Zeitoun (olive)" for the olive gardens in the area.
History
editThe civilization of Rudbar and its surroundings date back to about 3000 years BCE. The Marlik bowl, a famous archeological artifact and one of the oldest gold bowls in the world from 1st millennium BC, was found there. With the advent of Islam, tribes from Damascus and Halab (Aleppo) immigrated and became settlers there. Later, Nizari Isma'ili da'i made inroads and eventually established an Assassin stronghold. In the era of Nader Shah Afshar, groups from the Kurds of Quchan and areas of northern Khorassan also settled there.
Rudbar was near the epicenter of the 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake of magnitude 7.3 on the Richter scale (MS=7.7, MW=7.3, mb=6.4) at 12:31am local time on June 21, 1990, that killed around 50,000 and injured 100,000 city residents.[5] Despite reconstruction, it has not regained its former glory.
Demographics
editLanguage and ethnicity
editMain language there is the Roudbari Language, a subdivision of Mard indigenous language. There are several dialects and ethnicities in Gilan who have either their own language from South Caspies or slight variations to the way they speak. Some of these "sub-dialects" of Gilaki are Rashti, Some’e Sarai, Eastern Gilaki (Lahijan, Langerud, Rudesar, Amlash, chaboksar). The majority of the people in Rudbar are Mards, and a minority are Talysh. They speak the Talysh Language and Gilaki.[6][7]
Population
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 11,454 in 3,303 households.[8] The following census in 2011 counted 10,926 people in 3,406 households.[9] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 10,504 people in 3,559 households.[2]
Geography
editRudbar is located 65 kilometres (40 mi) south of Rasht, and is 261 kilometres (162 mi) away from Tehran.[10] It is located on the fringes of a valley through which the Sepid River (Sepidrood in Persian, Esparoo in Rudbari language) flows, and has a variable climate. Rudbar can be considered as a gateway to Gilan province from central Iran.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Rudbar (2016-2023 precipitation normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.95 (57.11) |
14.73 (58.51) |
17.96 (64.33) |
22.82 (73.08) |
27.95 (82.31) |
31.75 (89.15) |
33.33 (91.99) |
32.44 (90.39) |
29.35 (84.83) |
23.98 (75.16) |
18.18 (64.72) |
14.90 (58.82) |
23.44 (74.20) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.35 (41.63) |
5.80 (42.44) |
7.91 (46.24) |
11.67 (53.01) |
16.99 (62.58) |
21.59 (70.86) |
23.61 (74.50) |
23.01 (73.42) |
20.01 (68.02) |
15.09 (59.16) |
10.05 (50.09) |
6.94 (44.49) |
14.00 (57.20) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 48.67 (1.92) |
43.7 (1.72) |
49.84 (1.96) |
31.61 (1.24) |
17.51 (0.69) |
8.44 (0.33) |
7.6 (0.30) |
4.8 (0.19) |
5.16 (0.20) |
22.41 (0.88) |
50.0 (1.97) |
36.7 (1.44) |
326.44 (12.84) |
| Source: [11][12] | |||||||||||||
Economy
editRudbar's local economy notably includes olives and olive-based products. Groves of olive trees surround the city. Olive oil is produced locally. Rudbar is also known for its cream-hued, handcrafted carpets of fine quality. Despite the olive gardens that may suggest presence of a Mediterranean climate, the winters are very cold in the area. The winds in the Sepid Rood valley (Manjil) are well known in the country.
See also
edit
Media related to Rudbar at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (14 October 2024). "Rudbar, Rudbar County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 14 October 2024.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Gilan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Rudbar can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3081436" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 October 2015) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Gilan province centered on the city of Rasht. Islamic Parliament Research Center (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Notification 82846/T135K. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ ReliefWeb Report of Earthquake, ReliefWeb, June 1990
- ^ "Gilaki".
- ^ Guyeš-e Tāti-y-e Rudbār (The Tati Dialect of Rudbar), Jahandoost Sabzalipour, Rasht: Farhang-e Iliya Press, 2011
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Gilan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Gilan Province. Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Distance between cities" فاصله شهرها و مسافت راههای ایران. bahesab (in Persian). Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ "Monthly total of precipitation for Rudbar (99317)" (XLS). data.irimo.ir. Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
- ^ "Station: Rudbar-Gilan (99317)" (Excel). Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
- Book of Amarlu – M.M.Zand