Wikipedia

Rorippa

Rorippa is a globally distributed genus in the family Brassicaceae, with species occurring on all continents except for Antarctica.[1][2][3] Rorippa species are natively distributed in the Northern Hemisphere through Eurasia and North America, and dispersed into the Southern Hemisphere through long-distance dispersal.[3] Rorippa species are annual to perennial herbs, usually with yellow flowers and a peppery flavour. They are known commonly as yellowcresses.

Rorippa
Rorippa amphibia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Rorippa
Scop.
Species

75–85; see text

Description

edit

As a close relative of Arabidopsis, Rorippa has emerged as a group of valuable model organisms for investigating various biological processes. Researchers have utilized Rorippa to study developmental phenomena such as heterophylly,[4][5] weediness,[6][7][8] and vegetative regeneration.[9][10][11] For example, heterophylly is the ability of plants to produce different leaf forms in response to contrasting environments, such as aerial or submerged conditions. This may incur anatomical or physiological changes and facilitate adaptation to the amphibious lifestyle in Rorippa,[12]

Additionally, Rorippa has been employed to explore stress tolerance mechanisms, including responses to submergence,[13][14][15][16][17][12][18] heavy metals,[19][20] high-altitudes,[21][22] and herbivory (specifically the mustard aphid).[23][24][25] For example, Rorippa amphibia can escape submergence through elongation,[14] while Rorippa sylvestris or Rorippa palustris can photosynthesize underwater and exhibits a hyponastic response (positive growth response to gravity), demonstrating a quiescence strategy (a period of reduced activity during unfavorable conditions).[14][15]

Furthermore, Rorippa has served as a model system for studying biological invasion, with research focusing on evolutionary,[26][27] ecological,[28][29] and historical aspects.[1][30][31][32][33]

Ecology

edit

Most Rorippa species thrive in moist or wet environments like ditches, meadows, waterfronts, and wetlands,[28] highlighting their exceptional tolerance to flooding.[13] This facilitates the dispersal of their seeds or vegetative propagules by floods over short to long ranges. For example, their fruits with seeds can remain viable for up to 60 days while floating in water.[28] The aquatic or marshy habitats of Rorippa often overlap with those of migratory shorebirds,[2] which could potentially carry seeds or fragments over long distances, establishing new populations far from the source. Furthermore, several adaptations, like the mucilage coating or hollows on their seeds, and their ability to self-fertilize and reproduce clonally,[1] might also contribute to their long-distance dispersal.[3]

Rorippa species are known for colonizing disturbed or wet areas first. They serve as valuable indicators of hydrophytic (water-loving) vegetation types. According to the National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) for the United States, several Rorippa species are classified as wetland indicators, with a high probability of occurring in Obligate (OBL) or Facultative Wetland (FACW) categories. For instance, nearly 55% of the 22 North American Rorippa species are categorized as OBL wetland indicators,[28] highlighting their strong association with wet environments. This characteristic makes Rorippa plants a valuable tool for wetland establishment, restoration, and enhancement efforts.

Example

edit

Rorippa aquatica, a North American lakecress, is a valuable model organism for studying plant development and adaptation. It exhibits striking heterophylly,[4][5][18] altering its leaf shape in response to environmental conditions like submergence, temperature, and light. In low-light submerged environments, for example, it develops finely dissected leaves. While in terrestrial conditions, it forms simple leaves with serrated edges. This leaf shape variation is controlled by the levels of plant hormones including gibberellin (GA) and ethylene, as well as the expression of specific genes, such as KNOX1[5] or RaSPCH/RaMUTE,[18] providing an efficient way for leaves to absorb sunlight underwater. The species is also used to study vegetative propagation as it can regenerate from leaf fragments.[10] Its close phylogenetic relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana and its recently sequenced allotetraploid genome make it a powerful tool for genetic and genomic research.[34]

Rorippa elata is a type of plant that has adapted to live in high-altitude mountain environments. It can adjust its traits, like flowering time and chemical defenses, to survive in different conditions.[22] The plant's ability to adapt is also linked to its polyploid nature, which seems to have played a role in its successful colonization of high-altitudes during periods of historical climate change.[21]

Rorippa palustris, a short-lived and self-pollinating herb, is a ruderal weed that has expanded into disturbed wetland areas across the world. A key characteristic of R. palustris, and other ruderal plants, is its short life cycle.[8][21] Genetic studies have shown that mutations in the CRY2 gene contribute to this early-flowering trait.[6] These mutations lead to a constitutively active CRY2 protein, which overrides the need for vernalization (a cold period) and allows the plant to flower early, even under short-day conditions.

List of species

edit

There are about 75[35] to 85[36][37][38] species in the genus. About 70% of Rorippa are polyploids, and 90% of them are endemic to specific continents.[3] A few of Rorippa species are widely distributed and invasive, including Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa dubia, Rorippa indica, Rorippa palustris, and Rorippa sylvestris. Plants of Rorippa palustris can be found globally, making it one of the most successful weeds in the world.

Species include:[1][30][31][32][33][35][39][40][41][42]

 
Rorippa sylvestris

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d Jonsell, Bengt (1968). Studies in the North-West European species of Rorippa s.str. Uppsala, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.
  2. ^ a b Bleeker, W.; Weber-Sparenberg, C.; Hurka, H. (2002). "Chloroplast DNA Variation and Biogeography in the Genus Rorippa Scop. (Brassicaceae)". Plant Biology. 4 (1): 104–111. Bibcode:2002PlBio...4..104B. doi:10.1055/s-2002-20442. ISSN 1438-8677.
  3. ^ a b c d Han, Ting-Shen; Yu, Chih-Chieh; Zheng, Quan-Jing; Kimura, Seisuke; Onstein, Renske E.; Xing, Yao-Wu (2024). "Synergistic polyploidization and long-distance dispersal enable the global diversification of yellowcress herbs". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 33 (3): 458–469. Bibcode:2024GloEB..33..458H. doi:10.1111/geb.13798. ISSN 1466-8238.
  4. ^ a b Nakayama, Hokuto; Kimura, Seisuke (2015-12-02). "Leaves may function as temperature sensors in the heterophylly of Rorippa aquatica (Brassicaceae)". Plant Signaling & Behavior. 10 (12): e1091909. Bibcode:2015PlSiB..10E1909N. doi:10.1080/15592324.2015.1091909. ISSN 1559-2324. PMC 4854334. PMID 26367499.
  5. ^ a b c Nakayama, Hokuto; Nakayama, Naomi; Seiki, Sumer; Kojima, Mikiko; Sakakibara, Hitoshi; Sinha, Neelima; Kimura, Seisuke (December 2014). "Regulation of the KNOX-GA Gene Module Induces Heterophyllic Alteration in North American Lake Cress". The Plant Cell. 26 (12): 4733–4748. Bibcode:2014PlanC..26.4733N. doi:10.1105/tpc.114.130229. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 4311196. PMID 25516600.
  6. ^ a b Li, Ling-Zi; Xu, Zhou-Geng; Chang, Tian-Gen; Wang, Long; Kang, Heng; Zhai, Dong; Zhang, Lu-Yi; Zhang, Peng; Liu, Hongtao; Zhu, Xin-Guang; Wang, Jia-Wei (2023-01-18). "Common evolutionary trajectory of short life-cycle in Brassicaceae ruderal weeds". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 290. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..290L. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-35966-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9849336. PMID 36653415.
  7. ^ Bärring, Ulf (January 1986). "Rorippa sylvestris: A new troublesome weed in Swedish forest nurseries". Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 1 (1–4): 265–269. Bibcode:1986SJFR....1..265B. doi:10.1080/02827588609382417. ISSN 0282-7581.
  8. ^ a b Klimešová, Jitka; Sosnová, Monika; Martínková, Jana (2006-07-25). "Life-history variation in the short-lived herb Rorippa palustris: effect of germination date and injury timing". Plant Ecology. 189 (2): 237–246. doi:10.1007/s11258-006-9180-x. ISSN 1385-0237.
  9. ^ Dietz, Hansjörg; Köhler, Alexander; Ullmann, Isolde (February 2002). "Regeneration growth of the invasive clonal forb Rorippa austriaca (Brassicaceae) in relation to fertilization and interspecific competition". Plant Ecology. 158 (2): 171–182. Bibcode:2002PlEco.158..171D. doi:10.1023/a:1015567316004. ISSN 1385-0237.
  10. ^ a b Amano, Rumi; Nakayama, Hokuto; Momoi, Risa; Omata, Emi; Gunji, Shizuka; Takebayashi, Yumiko; Kojima, Mikiko; Ikematsu, Shuka; Ikeuchi, Momoko; Iwase, Akira; Sakamoto, Tomoaki; Kasahara, Hiroyuki; Sakakibara, Hitoshi; Ferjani, Ali; Kimura, Seisuke (2019-10-25). "Molecular Basis for Natural Vegetative Propagation via Regeneration in North American Lake Cress, Rorippa aquatica (Brassicaceae)". Plant and Cell Physiology. 61 (2): 353–369. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcz202. ISSN 0032-0781. PMID 31651939.
  11. ^ Xu, Kedong; Chang, Yunxia; Zhang, Yi; Liu, Kun; Zhang, Ju; Wang, Wei; Li, Zhanshuai; Wu, Jianxin; Ma, Shuya; Xin, Yuexing; Li, Chunjing; Zhou, Qianbei; Qiu, Hanhan; Pi, Yumei; Wang, Youwei (2016-01-22). "Rorippa indica Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis Involving Frog Egg-like Bodies Efficiently Induced by the Synergy of Salt and Drought Stresses". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 19811. Bibcode:2016NatSR...619811X. doi:10.1038/srep19811. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4726193. PMID 26796345.
  12. ^ a b Koga, Hiroyuki; Ikematsu, Shuka; Kimura, Seisuke (2024-07-22). "Diving into the Water: Amphibious Plants as a Model for Investigating Plant Adaptations to Aquatic Environments". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 75 (1): 579–604. doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-062923-024919. ISSN 1543-5008. PMID 38424069.
  13. ^ a b Akman, Melis; Bhikharie, Amit V; Mustroph, Angelika; Sasidharan, Rashmi (2014-02-01). "Extreme flooding tolerance in Rorippa". Plant Signaling & Behavior. 9 (2): e27847. Bibcode:2014PlSiB...9E7847A. doi:10.4161/psb.27847. PMC 4091424. PMID 24525961.
  14. ^ a b c Stift, Marc; Luttikhuizen, Pieternella C.; Visser, Eric J.W.; Van Tienderen, Peter H. (2008). "Different flooding responses in Rorippa amphibia and Rorippa sylvestris, and their modes of expression in F1 hybrids". New Phytologist. 180 (1): 229–239. Bibcode:2008NewPh.180..229S. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02547.x. hdl:2066/72164. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 18631292.
  15. ^ a b van Veen, Hans; Müller, Jana T.; Bartylla, Malte M.; Akman, Melis; Sasidharan, Rashmi; Mustroph, Angelika (2024). "Phylotranscriptomics provides a treasure trove of flood-tolerance mechanisms in the Cardamineae tribe". Plant, Cell & Environment. 47 (11): 4464–4480. Bibcode:2024PCEnv..47.4464V. doi:10.1111/pce.15033. ISSN 1365-3040. PMID 39012097.
  16. ^ Sasidharan, Rashmi; Mustroph, Angelika; Boonman, Alex; Akman, Melis; Ammerlaan, Ankie M.H.; Breit, Timo; Schranz, M. Eric; Voesenek, Laurentius A.C.J.; van Tienderen, Peter H. (2013-09-27). "Root Transcript Profiling of Two Rorippa Species Reveals Gene Clusters Associated with Extreme Submergence Tolerance". Plant Physiology. 163 (3): 1277–1292. doi:10.1104/pp.113.222588. ISSN 0032-0889. PMC 3813650. PMID 24077074.
  17. ^ Akman, Melis; Bhikharie, Amit V.; McLean, Elizabeth H.; Boonman, Alex; Visser, Eric J. W.; Schranz, M. Eric; van Tienderen, Peter H. (2012-04-11). "Wait or escape? Contrasting submergence tolerance strategies of Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa sylvestris and their hybrid". Annals of Botany. 109 (7): 1263–1276. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs059. ISSN 1095-8290. PMC 3359918. PMID 22499857.
  18. ^ a b c Ikematsu, Shuka; Umase, Tatsushi; Shiozaki, Mako; Nakayama, Sodai; Noguchi, Fuko; Sakamoto, Tomoaki; Hou, Hongwei; Gohari, Gholamreza; Kimura, Seisuke; Torii, Keiko U. (February 2023). "Rewiring of hormones and light response pathways underlies the inhibition of stomatal development in an amphibious plant Rorippa aquatica underwater". Current Biology. 33 (3): 543–556.e4. Bibcode:2023CBio...33E.543I. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.064. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 36696900.
  19. ^ Sun, Ruilian; Jin, Caixia; Zhou, Qixing (2010-02-02). "Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and tolerance in Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell., a species with some characteristics of cadmium hyperaccumulation". Plant Growth Regulation. 61 (1): 67–74. doi:10.1007/s10725-010-9451-3. ISSN 0167-6903.
  20. ^ Wei, Shuhe; Li, Yunmeng; Zhan, Jie; Wang, Shanshan; Zhu, Jiangong (August 2012). "Tolerant mechanisms of Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell. hyperaccumulating Cd explored from root morphology". Bioresource Technology. 118: 455–459. Bibcode:2012BiTec.118..455W. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.049. ISSN 0960-8524. PMID 22717563.
  21. ^ a b c Han, Ting-Shen; Hu, Zheng-Yan; Du, Zhi-Qiang; Zheng, Quan-Jing; Liu, Jia; Mitchell-Olds, Thomas; Xing, Yao-Wu (2022-09-01). "Adaptive responses drive the success of polyploid yellowcresses (Rorippa, Brassicaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains, a temperate biodiversity hotspot". Plant Diversity. 44 (5): 455–467. Bibcode:2022PlDiv..44..455H. doi:10.1016/j.pld.2022.02.002. ISSN 2468-2659. PMC 9512641. PMID 36187546.
  22. ^ a b Du, Zhi-Qiang; Xing, Yao-Wu; Han, Ting-Shen (2024-05-30). "Effects of environment and genotype-by-environment interaction on phenotype of Rorippa elata (Brassicaceae), an endemic alpine plant in the Hengduan mountains". Journal of Plant Ecology. 17 (4). doi:10.1093/jpe/rtae048. ISSN 1752-993X.
  23. ^ Bandopadhyay, Lekha; Basu, Debabrata; Sikdar, Samir Ranjan (2013-09-09). "Identification of Genes Involved in Wild Crucifer Rorippa indica Resistance Response on Mustard Aphid Lipaphis erysimi Challenge". PLOS ONE. 8 (9): e73632. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...873632B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073632. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3767759. PMID 24040008.
  24. ^ Sarkar, Poulami; Jana, Kuladip; Sikdar, Samir Ranjan (2017-08-02). "Overexpression of biologically safe Rorippa indica defensin enhances aphid tolerance in Brassica juncea". Planta. 246 (5): 1029–1044. Bibcode:2017Plant.246.1029S. doi:10.1007/s00425-017-2750-4. ISSN 0032-0935. PMID 28770337.
  25. ^ Marzouk, Mona Mohamed; Reda Hussein, Sameh; Elkhateeb, Ahmed; Mohamed Farid, Mai; Fawzy Ibrahim, Lamyaa; Abdel-Hameed, El-Sayed Saleh (August 2016). "Phenolic profiling of Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (Brassicaceae) by LC-ESI-MS: Chemosystematic significance and cytotoxic activity". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 6 (8): 633–637. doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61100-3. ISSN 2222-1808.
  26. ^ Bleeker, W. (2003-05-27). "Hybridization andRorippa austriaca(Brassicaceae) invasion in Germany". Molecular Ecology. 12 (7): 1831–1841. Bibcode:2003MolEc..12.1831B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01854.x. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 12803635.
  27. ^ Bleeker, W; Matthies, A (2005-04-20). "Hybrid zones between invasive Rorippa austriaca and native R. sylvestris (Brassicaceae) in Germany: ploidy levels and patterns of fitness in the field". Heredity. 94 (6): 664–670. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800687. ISSN 0018-067X. PMID 18630276.
  28. ^ a b c d Les, Donald H. (2018). Aquatic dicotyledons of North America: ecology, life history, and systematics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC press, Taylor & Francis group. ISBN 978-1-4822-2502-0.
  29. ^ Huberty, Martine; Tielbörger, Katja; Harvey, Jeffrey A.; Müller, Caroline; Macel, Mirka (April 2014). "Chemical Defenses (Glucosinolates) of Native and Invasive Populations of the Range Expanding Invasive Plant Rorippa austriaca". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 40 (4): 363–370. Bibcode:2014JCEco..40..363H. doi:10.1007/s10886-014-0425-1. ISSN 0098-0331. PMID 24752856.
  30. ^ a b Stuckey, Ronald L. (1972). "Taxonomy and Distribution of the Genus Rorippa (cruciferae) in North America". SIDA, Contributions to Botany. 4 (4): 279–443. ISSN 0036-1488. JSTOR 41966420.
  31. ^ a b Crone, Elizabeth E.; Gehring, Janet L. (1998). "Population Viability of Rorippa columbiae: Multiple Models and Spatial Trend Data". Conservation Biology. 12 (5): 1054–1065. Bibcode:1998ConBi..12.1054C. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97094.x. ISSN 1523-1739.
  32. ^ a b Garnock-Jones, P. J. (March 1978). "Rorippa(Cruciferae, Arabideae) in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 16 (1): 119–122. Bibcode:1978NZJB...16..119G. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1978.10429664. ISSN 0028-825X.
  33. ^ a b Klimešová, Jitka; Martínková, Jana; Kočvarová, Marie (January 2004). "Biological flora of Central Europe: Rorippa palustris (L.) Besse". Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 199 (6): 453–463. Bibcode:2004FMDFE.199..453K. doi:10.1078/0367-2530-00173. ISSN 0367-2530.
  34. ^ Sakamoto, Tomoaki; Ikematsu, Shuka; Nakayama, Hokuto; Mandáková, Terezie; Gohari, Gholamreza; Sakamoto, Takuya; Li, Gaojie; Hou, Hongwei; Matsunaga, Sachihiro; Lysak, Martin A.; Kimura, Seisuke (2024-04-18). "A chromosome-level genome assembly for the amphibious plant Rorippa aquatica reveals its allotetraploid origin and mechanisms of heterophylly upon submergence". Communications Biology. 7 (1): 431. doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06088-7. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 11026429. PMID 38637665.
  35. ^ a b Rorippa. Flora of China.
  36. ^ Rorippa. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  37. ^ Rorippa. Flora of North America.
  38. ^ Rorippa Scop. on Plants of the Word Online
  39. ^ GRIN Species Records of Rorippa. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  40. ^ Rorippa. Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  41. ^ Rorippa. USDA PLANTS.
  42. ^ Rorippa species list. Flora of North America.
  43. ^ a b De Lange, P.J.; Heenan, P.B.; Townsend, A.J. (2009). "Rorippa laciniata (Brassicaceae), a new addition to the flora of New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 47 (2): 133–137. Bibcode:2009NZJB...47..133D. doi:10.1080/00288250909509800. S2CID 83609780.
  44. ^ Zheng, Quan-Jing; Yu, Chih-Chieh; Xing, Yao-Wu; Han, Ting-Shen (2021-01-22). "A new Rorippa species (Brassicaceae), R. hengduanshanensis, from the Hengduan Mountains in China". Phytotaxa. 480 (3): 210–222. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.480.3.1. ISSN 1179-3163.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rorippa.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rorippa&oldid=1264245156"